Hungarian wine

Viticulture in Hungary operated since ancient times, when large parts of the later colonized by the Magyars of Hungary (eg in already founded by the Romans Szombathely ) were part of the Roman Empire. In the Middle Ages wines from Sopron ( Sopron ) and Eger were known and popular.

Even under the Turkish occupation, when the eastern part of Hungary was Turkish, viticulture was there continue to operate, as the Sultan of Constantinople Opel this source of income would not close.

During the communist rule suffered the Hungarian viticulture, since little attention to quality, rather than large amounts - especially for the USSR - were produced. Individual viticulture individual wineries for commercial purposes was severely restricted. The state wineries dominated the offer. Nevertheless, we succeeded in this time to press the grapes some great wines such as Tokay.

Wines from Hungary offer good value for money. Even for little money are decent red wines available, which need not fear comparison with mass Bordeaux. Simple quality wines are even traded for significantly less.

Since 1990, the Hungarian viticulture has developed variety and high quality again. There is now again a high number of private wineries of every kind and size, many are also nationally and internationally known. In addition to classic Hungarian grape varieties are atypical been used in wine making for Hungary. It is often still traditionally worked (for example, red wine fermentation in open concrete tanks ).

Although Hungary produces a lot of white wine, wineries have been established in many regions that produce full-bodied red wines both in high and in top quality with up to 14.5 percent by volume. Meanwhile, the wine also has a high importance for tourism, especially along the wine route - Villány Siklos with its prestigious top wineries. Given the high prices achievable for Villány wines from several wineries, ecological farming methods are used here by now.

In Hungary itself much wine is drunk in all walks of life.

The best vintages of the last years were 2000 and 2003 but also in 2006 and 2007 have excellent wines produced.

Climate

Because of the inland location and the shielding effect of the mountains, Hungary has a relatively dry continental climate with cold winters and warm summers. The average temperatures in January between -3 ° C and -1 ° C and in July between 21 ° C. and 23 ° C. In early summer, the most plentiful rainfall can be reported. The average rainfall is in the West due to the prevailing rain -bearing westerly winds around 800 millimeters, while in the eastern parts of the country in dry years 500 mm can be reached. The rainfall generally increases from west to the east. The climate here is perfect for growing aromatic white grape varieties. On the other hand, ripe red grape varieties such as Cabernet Sauvignon yet made full.

Wine-growing areas

Long time the official statistics on land under vines were very inaccurate. From 31 May to 15 November 2001 a complete survey was carried out in accordance with EU Directive 357/79. In 2001 there were about 91 421 hectares of commercial vineyards still 1,686 hectares in the smallest Rebgärten (area <500 m²) for home use. Of the 91 421 hectares were devoted exclusively to the 80 042 vines. Of this amount, almost 73,000 acres on the 22 recognized wine regions. The rest is not approved for quality wines hybrid vines or to areas outside the 22 appellations. The appellations spread over the whole of Hungary (see map above ):

Source:

Varieties

A more complete analysis see the lists of approved for commercial cultivation varieties. This includes the only purpose of cultivation trial selektionierten varieties.

Aletta
Aligoté
Arany Sárfehér
Bacchus
Bakator
Bánáti rizling
Bianca
Blue Silvaner
Bouvier
Budai zöld
Chardonnay
Chasselas
Cirfandli
Csabagyöngye
Cserszegi fűszeres
Csillám
Csomorika
Ezerfürtű
Ezerjó
Furmint
Generosa
Gesztus
Göcseji zamatos
Gohér

Hárslevelű
Heuréka
Irsay Oliver
Jubilee 75
Juhfark
Karát
Kéknyelű
Kerner
Királyleányka
Kocsis Irma
Veltelíni Korai piros
Corona
Kövérszőlő
Kövidinka Féher
Kövidinka rose
Kunbarát
Kunleány
Lakhegyi mezes
Leányka
Líra
Magyar rizling
Mátrai Muskotály
Mézes
Muscadelle

Nektar
Nosztori rizling
Ulysses
Olaszrizling
Orpheus
Ottonel Muskotály
Patria
Perlette
Pinot blanc
Pintes
Piros chasselas
Piros szlanka
Piros veltelíni
Pölöskei Muskotály
Pozsonyi fehér
Rajnai rizling
Refren
Rizlingszilváni
Rozalia
Rózsakő
Sárga Muskotály
Sauvignon Blanc
Semillon
Szürkebarát

Táltos
Tarcal 10
Taurus
Tramini
Vertes Csillaga
Viktor
Viktoria Gyöngye
Villard Blanc
Viognier
Vulcanus
Zalagyöngye
ZEFIR
Zengő
Zenith
Zéta
Zeus
Zöld szagos
Zöld szilváni
Veltelíni zöld

Alibernet
Alicante Bouschet
Bíbor kadarka
Blauburger
Frühburgunder
Cabernet Franc
Cabernet Sauvignon

Domina
Duna Gyöngye
Gamay
Hamburgi Muskotály
Kadarka
Kékfrankos

Kékmedoc
Kékoportó
Korai Bíbor
Magyar frankos
Medina
Merlot
Mészi kadarka

Nero
Pannon frankos
Pinot Noir
Rubintos
Syrah
Turán
Zweigelt

History

→ Main article: History of Hungary

Oldest cores from the wine vine Vitis sylvestris in Hungary were found in Tiszapolgár and estimated an age of 5,300 years. The previously oldest find of a product obtained core of the noble vine Vitis vinifera originates from the time of 1300 BC and was found in Sopron

In the history of Greek viticulture in particular the significant influence of ancient Greece on the wine of the countries bordering the Mediterranean and beyond is clear. The Greeks developed new methods of viticulture and winemaking technology. They shared their collective knowledge of the wine with the peoples with whom they were in contact. About the Danube, the Greeks also maintained trade relations with peoples far away from the coastal regions of the Black Sea. One of the earliest mentions of the settlement Sopron comes from the records of the Geographia Ptolemy (c. 100 - † 175 AD) under the name Σχαρβαντἰα ( transkr. Scharbantia ) or Σκαρβαντἰα ( transkr. Skarbantia ).

As part of the province of Pannonia, the Romans vinified on the present territory of Hungary wine. Scientists estimate that around 500 AD the Magyar tribes left the steppe region on the southeastern Urals and moved to the west in the area of today's Bashkiria. On the way towards the Carpathian Magyars were approximately 800 AD stop in Levedien. Levedien ( ungar: Levedia ), which was probably named after Levedi, a tribal leader of Hungary, was roughly between the Don and the Sea of Azov. In the immediate vicinity of their new settlement area was at that time the Khanate of the Khazars, a Turkic and Mongolian Association of tribes who were ruled by a Khan and his territory included the steppes north of the Caucasus. The Magyars did submit this Khan and began partly from their nomadic life to say goodbye. This can now understand primarily by the approach from a linguistic point of view. So there are in the Hungarian language about 200 loanwords from arable crops, viticulture and horticulture (eg: gyümölcs, " fruit "; szőlő, " bunch of grapes " ), livestock and crafts that flowed at this time in the language and are indicative of the slow settling down of the Magyars. They settled on 895/896 in today's Hungary.

In the year 1000, the Kingdom of Hungary was established. With the reign of Stephen I, the Christianization of the country began. The existing viticulture was greatly stimulated by the needs of the church with altar wine. In 1241 the Mongols under Batu Khan devastated the country, so that King Béla IV ( 1235-1270 ) brought many German, Walloon and Italian immigrants into the depopulated country. Towards the end of the Middle Ages flourished Hungary among the kings like Sigismund of Luxembourg ( king since 1387 ) or chosen by the gentry Matthias Corvinus ( 1458-1490 ) on. The immigrants gave the local viticulture through their knowledge from other wine regions new impetus.

With the death of Louis II at the Battle of Mohács ( 1526), a large part of Hungary was conquered by the Ottomans.

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