List of state leaders in 1849

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Africa

• Egypt Viceroy Abbas Hilmi I. (1849-1854)

• Ethiopia Kaiser: Sahle Dengel (1845-1850)

• Buganda King: Suna II (1836-1856)

• Bunyoro King: Olimi V. (1848-1852)

• Burundi King: Ntare Rugamba IV (1796-1852)

• Dahomey King: Gezo (1818-1856)

• Liberia President: Joseph Jenkins Roberts (1847-1856)

• Madagascar Queen: Ranavalona I (1782-1861)
• Prime Minister: Rainiharo († 1852)

• Morocco Sultan Moulay Abd al-Rahman (1822-1859)

• Rwanda King: Mutara II (1830-1853)

• Sokoto Caliphate Caliph Aliyu Babba (1842-1859)

• Zulu King Mpande ka Senzangakhona (1840-1872)

America

North America

• Mexico Heads of State and Head of Government: President José Joaquín de Herrera (1848-1851)

• United States of America Heads of State and Head of Government: President James K. Polk ( 1845-4. March 1849 )
• President Zachary Taylor (March 4, 1849 to 1850 )

Central America

• Costa Rica Heads of State and Head of Government: President José María Castro Madriz ( 1847-16. November 1849, 1866-1868 )
• ( transitional ) Miguel Mora Porras ( 16 November-26 November 1849)
• President Juan Rafael Mora Porras (November 26, 1849-1859 )

• Dominican Republic Heads of State and Head of Government: President Manuel Jimenez ( 1848-2. May 1849 )
• President Pedro Santana ( May 30 to September 23, 1849)
• President Buenaventura Báez (September 24, 1849-1853, 1856-1858, 1868-1873, 1876-1878 )

• El Salvador Heads of State and Head of Government: President Doroteo Vasconcelos (1848-1851)

• Guatemala Heads of State and Head of Government: ( transitional ) Mariano Paredes (1 January 1849-1851 )

• Haiti Heads of State and Head of Government: President Faustin - Élie Soulouque (1847-1859, from August 26 as Emperor Faustin I. )

• Honduras Heads of state and head of government: President Juan Fernández Nepomucemo Lindo (1847-1852)

• Nicaragua Heads of State and Head of Government: Supreme Director José María Guerrero ( 1847-1. January 1849 )
• Supreme Director Toribio Terán (1st January to March 1849)
• Supreme Director Benito Rosales ( März-1. April 1849 )
• Supreme Director Norberto Ramírez (1 April 1849 to 1851 )

South America

• Bolivia Heads of State and Head of Government: President Manuel Isidoro Belzu (1848-1855)

• Brazil Ruler: Emperor Peter II (1831-1889)

• Chile Heads of State and Head of Government: President Manuel Bulnes Prieto (1841-1851)

• Ecuador Heads of State and Head of Government: President Vicente Ramón Roca ( 1845-15. October 1849 )
• (acting) Manuel de Ascasubi (October 15, 1849-1850 )

• New Granada (now Colombia) Heads of State and Head of Government: President Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera ( 1845-1. April 1849, 1861-1863, 1866-1867 )
• President José Hilario López (April 1, 1849 to 1853 )

• Paraguay Heads of State and Head of Government: President Carlos Antonio López (1841-1844, 1844-1862)

• Peru (disputed ) Heads of State and Head of Government: President Ramón Castilla (1845-1851)

• Río de la Plata (now Argentina) Heads of State and Head of Government: ( vacant)
• Governor of the Province of Buenos Aires: General Juan Manuel de Rosas (1835-1852)

• Uruguay Heads of State and Head of Government: President Joaquín Suárez (1843-1852)

• Venezuela Heads of State and Head of Government: President José Tadeo Monagas (1847-1851)

Asia

• Abu Dhabi Emir: Sa'id (1845-1855)

• Ajman Sheikh: Humaid I. (1848-1872)

• Afghanistan Emir: Dost Muhammad Khan (1842-1863)

• Bahrain Emir Muhammad ibn Khalifah Al Khalifah (1842-1868)

• Brunei Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II († 1852)

• China ( Qing Dynasty ) Kaiser: Daoguang (1821-1850)

• British India Governor General: James Andrew Broun - Ramsay (1848-1856)

• Japan Kaiser: Komei (1846-1867)
• Shogun: ( Tokugawa ): Tokugawa Ieyoshi ( 1837-1853 )

• Korea King: Heonjong (1834-1849)
• King: Cheoljong (1849-1864)

• Kuwait Emir: Djabir I. (1814-1859)

• Oman Sultan Sa'id ibn Sultan II (1804-1856)

• Ottoman Empire Sultan Abdülmecid I (1839-1861)

• Persia ( Qajar dynasty ) Shah: Naser ad -Din Shah (1848-1896)

• Thailand King Rama III, King of Thailand ( 1824-1851 ).

Australasia

• Hawaii King Kamehameha III. (1825-1854)

Europe

• Abkhazia Prince: Mikheil Sharvashidze (1822-1864)

• Andorra Co - Prince: President of France: Charles -Louis -Napoleon Bonaparte (1848-1870)
• Bishop of Urgell: Simó de Guardiola y Hortoneda (1828-1851)

• Belgium King Leopold I. (1831-1865)

• Denmark King, Frederick VII (1848-1863) Prime Minister: Adam Wilhelm Moltke (1848-1852)

• German Bund Austria Emperor Franz Joseph I (1848-1916) Prime Minister: Felix Prinz zu Schwarzenberg (November 21, 1848-1852 )

• King Friedrich Wilhelm IV (1840-1861) Prime Minister: Friedrich Wilhelm Graf von Brandenburg (1848-1850)

• Duke: Karl Alexander (1834-1863)

• Duke Leopold IV (1817-1871)

• Grand Duke Leopold (1830-1852)

• King Maximilian II (1848-1864)

• Duke Wilhelm (1831-1884)

• Mayor: Johann Smidt (1821-1857)
• Mayor: Johann Daniel Noltenius (1839-1852)
• Mayor: Isak Hermann Albrecht Schumacher (1847-1853)

• Mature Mayor: Samuel Gottlieb Müller ( 1849) (1860 ) ( 1863)

• Mayor: Johann Heinrich Bartels (1820-1850)
• Mayor: Christian Daniel Benecke (1835-1851)
• Mayor: Johann Ludewig Dammert (1843-1855)

• King: Ernst August (1837-1851)

• Grand Duke Ludwig III. (1848-1877)

• Landgraf: Ferdinand (1848-1866)

• Elector Friedrich Wilhelm (1847-1866)

• Prince Konstantin (1838-1849)

• Prince Karl Anton (1848-1849)

• Duke Frederick II (1848-1863)

• Prince Alois II (1836-1858)

• Prince Leopold II (1802-1851)

• Mayor: Heinrich Brehmer (1849-1850) (1861-1862) (1865-1866)

• Grand Duke William II (1840-1849)
• Grand Duke Wilhelm III. (1849-1890)

• Grand Duke Friedrich Franz II (1842-1883)

• Grand Duke: Georg (1816-1860)

• Duke: Adolf I (1839-1866)

• Grand Duke Paul Friedrich August (1829-1853)

• Prince Heinrich XX. (1836-1859)

• Prince Heinrich LXII. (1848-1854)

• King Friedrich August II (1836-1854)

• Duke: Georg (1848-1853)

• Duke Ernst II (1844-1893)

• Duke Bernhard II (1803-1866)

• Grand Duke Carl Friedrich (1828-1853)

• Prince Georg Wilhelm (1787-1860) to 1807 Count

• Prince Friedrich Günther (1807-1867)

• Prince Günther Friedrich Karl II (1835-1880)

• Prince Georg Viktor (1845-1893)

• King: William I (1816-1864)

• France President: Louis- Napoléon Bonaparte (1848-1851)

• Greece King Otto I. (1832-1862)

• Italian States Church State Pope Pius IX. (1846-1870) (1870 resolution of the Papal States - pontificate ends 1878)

• King Franz Joseph ( 1848-1859/66 )

• Duke Franz V. (1846-1859)

• Duke Karl Ludwig II (1847-1849)
• Duke: Karl III. (1849-1854)

• Captains Regent: Giovanni Benedetto Belluzzi, Pietro Righi (1 October 1848-1 April 1849. )
• Captains Regent: Domenico Maria Belzoppi, Pier Matteo Berti (1 April 1849-1 October 1849. )
• Captains Regent: Giambattista Braschi, Marino Lonfernini (1 October 1849-1 April 1850. )

• King, Charles Albert (1831-1849)
• King, Victor Emmanuel II (1849-1861)

• King Ferdinand II (1830-1859)

• Grand Duke Leopold II (1824-1859)

• Monaco Prince Florestan (1841-1856)

• Montenegro ( until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty ) Prince-bishop ( Vladika ): Petar II Petrović - Njegoš ( 1830-1851 )

• Neutral Moresnet Ruler: Leopold I, King of Belgium (1831-1865)
• Ruler: Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia (1840-1861)
• Mayor Arnold Timothée de Lasaulx (1817-1859)

• Netherlands King William II (1840-1849)
• King Wilhelm III. (1849-1890)

• Norway King Oscar I (1844-1859) (identical with Oscar I of Sweden, Swedish -Norwegian personal union )

• Ottoman Empire Sultan Abdülmecid I (1839-1861)

• Portugal Queen Maria II (1826-1828) (1834-1853)
• King Ferdinand II (1837-1853)

• Russia Tsar Nicholas I. (1825-1855)

• Sweden King Oscar I (1844-1859) (identical with Oscar I of Norway, Norwegian - Swedish personal union )

• Serbia ( until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty ) Prince Aleksandar Karadjordjević (1842-1858)

• Spain Queen Isabella II (1833-1868)

• Hungary King Franz Joseph I (1848-1916)

• United Kingdom Queen Victoria (1837-1901)
• Prime Minister John Russell (1846-1852)