Fars Province

The province of Fars (Persian فارس Fārs ) with its capital Shiraz is the central southern province of Iran today and was already 3,000 years as Persis before the heartland of the Persian Empire. Two powerful Antique Old Persian royal houses originate from here: the Achaemenid ( 559-330 BCE) and Sassanid ( 224-651 ).

In the province of 4,336,878 people ( 2006 census ). The province covers 122 608 square kilometers and has a population density of 35 inhabitants per square kilometer.

Geography

Although Fars is only one of the 30 administrative regions of present-day Iran, but occupies about 10 percent of the area of Iran. Its boundaries are approximately 400 to 1000 km south of Tehran between the Kuhrud and Zagros mountains (up to 4,300 or 4,500 meters ), making the climate is relatively pleasant. The largest proportion of the population of the province provide Persians, Lurs, and Qashqai. Smaller shares are held by Kurds and Bakhtiari as well as members of Turkmen tribes.

Administrative divisions

The Fars province is divided into 23 counties:

  • Abadeh
  • Arsanjān
  • Bavanat
  • Darab
  • Eqlid
  • Estahban
  • Farashband
  • Fasa
  • Firuzabad
  • Dschahrom
  • Kazerun
  • Khonj
  • Khorrambid
  • Lamard
  • Larestan
  • Mamasani
  • Marvdascht
  • Mohr
  • Neyriz
  • Qirokarzin
  • Sepidan
  • Shiraz
  • Zarrindasht

History

First traces of settlement in Fars be dated back at least to the 5th millennium BC. Before the Persians Fars was part of the Elamite Empire. The Elamite city of Anshan was in the 7th yrs. BC conquered by the Persians under Teispes. As the nucleus of the Old Persian empires Fars has a great importance for the history of Iran. This is demonstrated by the large number of ancient royal residences and castles in the region. Through the millennia, many dynasties ruled over Fars. There were also local dynasties, whose power was limited to the province. After the defeat of the Achaemenid Empire of Alexander the Great in the 4th century. BC ruled here first the Seleucids. These were later replaced by the Parthians, who were in turn overthrown in the 3rd century AD by the Sassanid Empire. In the seventh yrs. the Muslim Arabs conquered the whole of Iran. From the Islamic period, Fars ' center of Istachr moved to Shiraz. Incidentally, the Arabic term Fars established as the name of the region and so solved the old Parsa from. Shiraz was a residence of Arab emirs. From here ruled from the 9th century originating from Daylam Buyids, who were then defeated in the 11th century by the Seljuks. With the weakening of the Seljuk central power were established local princes and kingdoms. So also in Fars, where the Salghuriden between the 11th and 13th century ruled as Atabegs. According to them, the Mongol Ilkhanate came. But the realm of Ilchane broke mid-14th century into several smaller kingdoms. Fars and the rest of southern Iran was then ruled by the Muzaffariden. In the 16th century Fars eventually became part of the Safavid Empire; since there was no independent kingdoms more in Fars.

Attractions

The central city of Shiraz is one of the most beautiful Persian cities and famous for its mild climate for their garden culture. They are called because of the flowers wealth and famous rose garden cultivars of Iran. Also popular varieties grow on the mountains around the city. The octagonal pavilion of the Pars Museum describes the region and its dynasties.

In Shiraz, two of the most famous poets of Persia are buried in graceful mausoleum on the outskirts: Hafiz ( Hafez, 1320-1398 ) and Saadi ( 1184-1282 ). Besides Hafez also worked here, the mathematician and astronomer Omar Khayyam.

On a plateau 50 km northeast lies Persepolis, the ancient capital of the Persian Empire. It was founded in the 6th century by Darius I BC, but 331 inserted by the army of Alexander the Great on fire. From the palace grounds, the Apadana colonnade and other buildings can be seen on a large artificial platform much. Also the even older town Pasargadae residence in the region of Fars, the former boundaries bordering on the Persian provinces of Yazd and Khorasan, the centers of the Zoroastrian religion and the ancient science.

Universities

  • Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
  • Shiraz University
  • Shiraz University of Technology
  • National Azad University of Abadeh
  • National Azad University of Arsanjān
  • National Azad University of Estahban
  • National Azad University of Eghlid
  • National Azad University of Jahrom
  • National Azad University of Sepidan
  • National Azad University of Shiraz
  • National Azad University of Fasa
  • National Azad University of Firouzabad
  • National Azad University of Kazerun
  • National Azad University of Larestan
  • National Azad University of Marvdasht
  • Fasa University of Medical Sciences
  • Jahrom University of Medical Sciences
  • Shiraz University of Applied Science and Technology
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