House of Salm
Territory of the Holy Roman Empire
Territory of the Holy Roman Empire
Salm is the name of a noble family originally Moselle bad, a branch line of the Wigeriche, named after the castle Durbuy in the Ardennes ( Belgium today ) and the end of the 12th century the newly founded Salm castle in the Vosges in Alsace (now France). The gender split in the Middle Ages in the two main lines top and Niedersalm on, both went out later in the male line and their possessions bequeathed to other noble families, which then also called themselves Counts of Salm the. These families were divided in turn into sub- lines that were later elevated to the rank of prince, some still exist today and are part of the high nobility.
History
Origin ( " Wigeriche " to Lorraine and Luxembourg )
Progenitor was Wigerich, Count Palatine of Lorraine ( † before 919). His presumed son Siegfried († 998 ) is at the forefront of stem list of the counts of Luxembourg. His grandson Giselbert († 1056/59 ) was in 1036 the title of Count of Salm and 1047 to a count of Luxembourg. He shared the ownership on to his sons Conrad I of Luxembourg and Hermann of Salm († 1088), the latter was not only the founder of the House of Salm, but also the anti-king Henry IV.
Division into upper and Niedersalm
Hermann's grandson Henry I in turn informed the county again in 1163: his son Henry II got the areas in the Vosges ( the so-called county Obersalm ), daughter Elizabeth and son- Count Frederick II of Vianden areas in the Ardennes ( from then on Niedersalm ). From this time there was in the kingdom of Salm two counties with different lines of development.
Ruins of Castle Salm in La Broque ( Vosges ), newly founded in the late 12th century
Line Niedersalm (1163-1794)
Niedersalm the tribe Vianden (from 1163 )
Frederick II of Vianden and Elisabeth von Salm -founded the line Niedersalm ( of the tribe of the counts of Vianden ).
Niedersalm the tribe Reifferscheidt (from 1416 )
Ownership of the line Niedersalm was 1416 last will and testament to the Lords of Reifferscheidt and Dyck, probably the nearest blood relatives bequeathed to Count Henry VII favored John V of Reifferscheid († 1418 ), after his children had all died without issue and before their father. Since Henry's son Otto Raugraf to Old Baumberg claims arose, it was not until 1456 until the Council of the Duchy of Luxembourg accepted the will. From 1460 John VI was called. Reifferscheid Count of Salm. He is the progenitor of the later Princes of Salm- Dyck Reifferscheidt, Herb Home, - and - Raitz Bedburg:
- Salm- Dyck Reifferscheidt (1815 merged in Prussia / Province Grand Duchy of the Lower Rhine, 1816 Prussian princes, trunk seats: Schloss Dyck, castle Alfter, 1888 extinguished, line inherits Krautheim )
- Salm- Reifferscheidt Herb Home (1804 Princes of the Empire, 1888 Salm- Reifferscheidt Herb Home and Dyck, 1958 off)
- Salm- Reifferscheidt - Raitz (1790 imperial princes, headquarters until the expropriation in 1945 Raitz / Moravia, now in Restituton )
- Salm- Reifferscheidt - Bedbur ( g) ( extinct )
Residences:
Dyck ( Salm- Dyck Reifferscheidt )
Castle Herb Garden ( Jagst) ( Salm- Reifferscheidt Herb Home )
Raitz in Moravia ( Salm- Reifferscheid - Raitz )
Castle Steyregg, Upper Austria, (since 1962 Salm- Reifferscheid - Raitz )
Castle Bedburg ( Salm- Reifferscheidt - Bedbur )
Line Obersalm (1163-1794)
The rule Obersalm was in the Vosges to the castle Salm at Schirmeck, about 45 km southwest of Strasbourg. The large neighbors were the Bishopric of Strasbourg in the north and in the south Duchy of Lorraine. The line Obersalm died after a further division of the 15th or 17th century. The one half of the estate went to the 1475 game and Rhinegraves to Dhaun and Kyrburg, the other in 1600 to the Duke of Lorraine.
Obersalm of the tribe of wild and Rhinegraves ( 1475 )
The descendants of the wild and Rhinegraves to Dhaun and Kyrburg now called themselves also Count of Salm, whose lines were collected from 1623 several times in the Prince of:
- Salm ( 1623 Princes of the Empire, 1738 off)
- Salm -Salm (also: Salm- Hoogstraten ) (Headquarters Badonviller and from 1751 Senones in the Vosges, 1647 Heritage of County Anholt, 1739 Princes of the Empire, from 1766 (transition Lorraine to France ) exclave in France, 1793 annexation by France established until today. on Anholt, castle roadstead, since 1912 to house Loburg and since 1940 the castle and winery Wallenhausen ( near Bad Kreuznach ). )
- Salm- Dhaun - Neufville ( 1628 to Frederick I. Magnus von Salm ( 1606-1673 ), Karl Florentin Salm ( 1638-1676 ), Frederick Carl Magnus ( 1658-1696 ), Wilhelm Florentin Salm ( 1670-1707 ) Nikolaus Leopold of Salm- Salm (1701-1770), sold it in 1749 to the Polish king Stanislaus, so off)
- Salm- Kyrburg ( 1742 imperial princes, reside mainly in the 18th century in Paris, 1794 annexation by France. Extinct in 1905. )
- Salm- Grumbach ( 1806 Principality, later Salm- Horstmar )
- Salm- Horstmar in Varlar, Westphalia (1816 Prussian prince ). To date, resident at Castle Varlar; only Protestant line of princely houses of Salm.
- Salm- Leizen ( off)
The Princes of Salm -Salm and Salm- Kyrburg 1803 were assigned to the southwestern parts of the former Bishopric of Münster as compensation during the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss circuit. This they ruled together as a condominium. Residence was the Anholt.
See also: Principality of Salm
Residences:
Ruins of castle Pierre- Percée at Badonviller ( Vosges )
Castle Senones, Vosges, ( Salm -Salm from 1751 )
Anholt, Westfalen ( Salm -Salm from 1647)
Castle roadstead, Westphalia ( Salm -Salm )
Kyrburg, home of the wild and Rhinegraves (later Salm- Kyrburg )
Dhaun Castle, seat of the wild and Rhinegraves (later Salm- Kyrburg )
Hôtel de Salm in Paris ( Salm- Kyrburg )
Grumbach ( Glan ), seat of the wild and Rhinegraves (later Salm- Horstmar )
Castle Varlar, Westphalia, ( Salm- Horstmar )
Coat of arms
The emblem of the house of Salm appears even today in a number of recent municipal coat of arms, such as:
Senones, French Department Vosges
Badonviller, French Department of Meurthe -et -Moselle
Sloupsko, Okres Blansko, Czech Republic
Durbuy, Belgian Luxembourg province
Bar-le- Duc, Meuse
Pont-à- Mousson, formerly Moselbrück
Xermaménil, Meurthe -et -Moselle
Thalfang, Rhineland -Palatinate
Wendelsheim, Rhineland -Palatinate
Woerrstadt, Rhineland -Palatinate
Flonheim, Rhineland -Palatinate
Philipsburg district Hutten Mannheim, Baden- Württemberg
Coat of arms to Siebmacher
Well-known bearers of the name
- Agnes Princess zu Salm -Salm, born Leclerq Joy
- Alfred Stephan Ferdinand zu Salm -Salm, 7th Prince of Salm- Salm
- Karl Josef ( since 1790 Imperial Prince ) zu Salm - Reifferscheidt on Raitz ( Rajek ) Jedovnice and Blansko in Moravia
- Alfred Salm- Dyck Reifferscheidt (1863-1924), German nobleman and politician, MdR
- Alfred zu Salm -Salm (1846-1923), Prince of Salm- Salm ( 1846-1923 )
- Alfred Konstantin zu Salm -Salm, 5th Prince of Salm- Salm
- Zephyrine Amalie of Salm- Kyrburg (1760-1841), German Princess
- Anna Katharina Dorothea von Salm- Kyrburg (1614-1655), by marriage Duchess of Württemberg
- Anna Salome von Salm - Reifferscheidt (1622-1688), abbess of the woman pin Eating
- Carl Philipp zu Salm -Salm
- Christiane zu Salm
- Constance Salm- Dyck Reifferscheidt (1767-1845), French poet and writer
- Emanuel of Salm- Salm (1871-1916), Prince of Salm- Salm (1871-1916)
- Emanuel of Salm- Salm ( Prince, 1961) ( * 1961), German nobleman, Prince of the House of Salm- Salm
- Felix zu Salm -Salm
- Florentin zu Salm -Salm
- Franz zu Salm- Dyck Reifferscheidt (1899-1958), the last prince of the line Salm- Dyck Reifferscheidt Herb Home
- Franz Xaver von Salm- II Reifferscheidt Herb Home (1749-1822), Prince-Bishop of Gurk, Cardinal
- Friedrich zu Salm- Grumbach, Rheingraf, since 1816 Fürst zu Salm- Horstmar
- Friedrich III. Salm- Kyrburg
- Frederick IV of Salm- Kyrburg
- Hermann of Salm
- Hugo Franz Altgraf Salm- Reifferscheidt (1776-1836), Austrian industrialist and naturalist
- Joseph Salm- Dyck Reifferscheidt (1773-1861), German independent scholar and author of botanical works
- Josepha Maria Anna Antonia Nepomucena of Salm- Reifferscheidt - Bedburg (1731-1796), Abbess in Elten and the pins Vreden
- Florentin Karl zu Salm (1638-1676), General of the Republic of the Seven United Provinces
- Karl Theodor Otto of Salm (1645-1710), the imperial field marshal and Obersthofmeister
- Alexander Constantine Joseph zu Salm -Salm
- Loretta of Salm
- Ludwig von Salm, tennis players, Olympic and Davis Cup participant, scion of the past, morganatic marriage Constantine Alexander Joseph of Salm- Salm ( branch of the family of the Counts of Salm- Hoogstraeten )
- Princess Maria Christina of Salm- Salm (1879-1962), Archduchess of Austria
- Michael zu Salm -Salm ( b. 1953 ), German entrepreneur
- Michael Prinz zu Salm -Salm
- Moritz zu Salm - Kyrburg (1761-1813), Regent in the Principality of Salm
- Niklas Graf Salm the Elder
- Niklas Graf Salm the Younger
- Nikolaus Leopold zu Salm -Salm, 6th Prince of Salm- Salm
- Otto I of Salm
- Otto of Salm- Horstmar (1867-1941), German nobleman and right-wing politician
- Otto Ludwig von Salm- Kyrburg - Mörchingen (1597-1634), Swedish general in the Thirty Years' War
- Philipp Otto of Salm (1575-1634), Prince of Salm- Salm
- Rosemarie Princess zu Salm -Salm
Bishops and prelates:
- Eberhard von Salm, 976-986 Abbot of Prüm
- Anton von Salm (ca. 1530-1564 ), last abbot of Hornbach, Chairman of the Imperial Chamber Court to Speyer
- Anna Salome von Salm - Reifferscheidt (1622-1688), abbess of the woman pin Eating
- Anna Katharina von Salm- Reifferscheidt, 1646-1647 Abbess of Thorn
- Franz Ernst von Salm- Reifferscheid, 1731-1770 Bishop of Tournai
- Josepha Maria Anna Antonia Nepomucena of Salm- Reifferscheidt - Bedburg (1731-1796), Abbess in Elten and the pins Vreden
- Wolfgang Graf von Salm, 1751-1755 Bishop of Passau
- Franz Xaver von Salm- II Reifferscheidt Herb Home, 1783-1822 Bishop of Gurk
- Wilhelm Florentin von Salm -Salm, 1776-1793 Bishop of Tournai, 1793-1810 Archbishop of Prague