Karasids
Karesi ( Also known as Karesi Beyliği, Karesioğulları Beyliği, Karasi Beyliği or Karasioğulları Beyliği ) was a Turkish Beylik in the region Balıkesir - Çanakkale - Bergama and the first Turkish state in the region at all.
The Beylik was in 1361 taken over by its neighbors, the Ottomans. It was the first Beylik that the Ottomans conquered. The Sanjak Karesi was created from the Beylik. The Karesi supported the Ottomans later in their expansion towards Rumelia. After the founding of the Republic of Turkey in 1923 was from the Sanjak Karesi the modern province of Balıkesir.
Etymology
Whether the actual name of Beyliks Karesi ( قر ه سى ) or Karası ( قر ا سى ) and whether this is a modification of Kara- izi ( قر ه ايز ى ) or Kara İsa ( قر ه عيسى ) is, is not assured.
Ibn Battuta, who had visited the region, named the area Memleket -i Akirus. Akirus ( Achirus ) was the pre-Islamic name of the region and is considered a possible origin of the word Karesi. The Byzantine historian Nicephorus Gregoras reported in its Rhomäischen story that areas of Lydia and Aeolian up to the Hellespont and Mysia been ruled by a ruler Kalames and his son Karasis. John VI. Cantacuzenus says in his book that Karasis ' Empire Karasia means.
History
Foundation
At the time of the Sultanate of Rum - Seljuks oghusische tribes settled in Western Anatolia. They founded there called UC principalities (border principalities ), which should defend the borders of the Seljuk Empire. The Seljuks sent their commanders Karesi Bey, whose father Kalem Bey, Yakup Bey of the Germiyan and a large group of Oghuz in the region on the Marmara Sea and the Gulf of Edremit.
Karesi Bey conquered 1296-1297 using the Germiyan a large part of the region of Mysia. The Seljuk Bey styled Karesi Emir -ul Savahil ( Amir of the coast). The Karesi Bey's family is descended from the founder of the Danishmends Danishmend Ghazi. Shortly before the collapse of the Seljuk Sultanate declared Karesi Bey as other UC princes his independence and founded the so Karesi Beylik. The exact founding date is unknown. It is believed 1296-1300, using the year 1299 favored because at that time most of the other principalities became independent.
The rule Karesi Beys
In order to fight against the expansion of the Turks in western Anatolia, joined the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II with the Alans, an alliance. His eldest son Michael IX. referring to the Byzantine army Alans his headquarters on the River Gediz in the present province of Manisa. However, the Byzantines were subject to the Karesi and the Alans withdrew. The Emperor took in 1304 Roger de Flor to help, who commanded a troop of Aragonese and Catalans, adventurers who are known as Almogàvers. This Catalan company killed at Edincik 5000 members of a Turkish tribe. This led to a stagnation of Beyliks 1302-1308.
The Seljuk spiritual leader Sari Saltuk made off with about 10-20,000 people of Sinop from Crimea by ship first direction on the way and later settled down in 1264 with the permission of the ruler Kara Nogai Tatar Khan in Dobrogea. Sari Saltuk was a student Ahmed Yesevis and died 1280/81 in Dobrogea. The now leaderless Turkmen there were now under greater pressure from the Bulgarians and Romanians.
So traveled a part of this Turkmens under their leader Ece Halil in 1306 by ship from Thrace and came over Canakkale to Lapseki. They were welcomed by the Karesi and settled in their Beylik. For those still connected to their pre-Islamic shamanistic faith Turkmen Mount Ida had a great importance. They named the mountain after them holy Kaz ( dt: Goose ) into Kaz Dagi. The newcomers reinforced the power and possibilities of Beyliks. So it was able to expand at the expense of the Byzantines on. More Turkmen tribes who had fled from the Central Anatolia from the Mongols, were added. Among these were also Çepni strains that are still encountered today.
Division and decline
Karesi Bey died before 1330, when exactly is not known. He was succeeded by his son Aclan Bey. He had good relations with the neighboring Ottomans. After Aclan Bey his sons ruled over the Beylik. One of the sons was Demirhan Bey. His brother Yahşi Bey ruled from Bergama from over part of the Beyliks so that the Beylik was de facto divided into two dominions. A third brother named Dursun Bey lived at the Ottoman court in Bursa and had good relations with Sultan Orhan I.. Demirhan Bey treated his subordinates bad, so that the population Dursun Bey asked for help. 1345 came Dursun Bey Orhan after Karesi, but was killed by the men of his brother. The power struggle took advantage of Orhan and took over in 1361 Karesi. According to some sources, the people should have asked the Ottoman Sultan it.
The Beylik after the decline
Karesi was one of the few Beyliks which had a fleet. Later, the Ottomans should benefit greatly from this fleet. The Karesis covered with their fleet twice against Rumelia. 1331 they attacked with 70 boats Feres and 1333 with 60 boats on Athos. On the political and military level Karesi was the Ottomans a great help in their transition from the Ottoman Beylik the Ottoman State. In the newly conquered areas of Europe, the Ottomans people from Karesi settled. After Sultan Bayezid I had conquered the Beylik the Saruchaniden 1390, he summed it up with Karesi and gave it to his son Ertuğrul. Later, another son named Isa was appointed governor of Karesi - Saruhan. As Bayezid 1402, the Battle of Ankara against Tamerlane lost, put these conquered by the Ottomans Beyliks in their old borders restored. So that was also the case with Karesi. After the Ottomans had restored their power, all Beyliks were subjected again. Karesi was made in 1393 under the Beylerbey of Anatolia. The name Karesi lived on until 1926.
Inscriptions
Besides the two grave stones Kutlu Melek and Mustafa Çelebi, located in the Museum of Tokat, there are no inscriptions from the Beylik. According to the pedigrees of these two grave stones, the Karesiherrscher looked at as descendants of Danischmendiden from the 11th century. But this relationship is not supported by any other sources. İsmail Hakkı Uzunçarşılı published the first grave inscriptions.
The territory of Karesi
- Balıkesir Province: Ayvalik, Balikesir, Bandırma, Bigadiç, Burhaniye Dursunbey, Edremit, Erdek Gömeç, Gonen, Havran, Ivrindi, Kepsut, Manyas, Savaştepe, Sındırgı, Susurluk.
- Çanakkale Province: Ayvacık, Bayramiç Çan, Çanakkale, Ezine, Yenice.
- İzmir Province: The northern counties Bergama, Dikili and Kınık.
- Bursa Province: The western counties Karacabey (formerly Mihalic ) and Mustafakemalpasa (formerly Kirmasti ).
Family Tree
Source
- Zerrin Günal Wastes. " Karasi Beyliği ", Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları (1999), ISBN 975-16-1002-8.