List of national parks of Sweden
The status of National Park in Sweden offers the highest level of landscape protection. Sweden declared 1909 as the first country in Europe nine areas as national parks, goal was to preserve the pristine nature of that generation as well as for all subsequent. Today, there are 29 Swedish National Parks, as well as in and around Stockholm 's first national urban park in the world. In 2005, approximately 1.4 % of the country were ( 6326.4 km ²) designated as a National Park. In addition, there are about 3,200 nature reserves, covering an area of 26,000 km ². All guns surface thus 54,000 km ², or 12% in Sweden.
According to the Naturvårdsverket to seven new national parks are established between 2009 and 2013, the first of these seven is the Kosterhavet National Park, which was established on 9 September 2009.
Conservation
Even today, the main objective of national parks ( Sr. national park ) and conservation areas ( Sr. naturreservat ) of the Nature Conservation. Both forms are entered in environmental law. The main difference is the stronger protection of a national park in comparison to a natural reserve of the affected area.
Basically, the protected areas can be divided into six different types of nature, while it is often several occur in an area.
Mountains / Fjällregion
About 90 percent of the total national park area is located in the mountains. The landscape is mostly varied with mountains above the tree line, many glaciers, vast heaths and valleys, which are often covered by Polar birch or old coniferous forests.
Coniferous forests
The coniferous forest is the most widespread natural type of Sweden and dominates most national parks. While in northern Sweden generally a barren and jungle-like character, have several hundred year old trees, growing in the south, such as the National Park Norra Kvill, the forest usually denser and higher.
Broadleaved woodlands
The deciduous forest significantly formed by beech, ash, oak and elm is a very old natural type that was created during a warmer climatic period 6 000 years ago. He is often very species-rich and provides protection and habitat for many endangered species. Today, there are only these forests south of the Dalalven as in Söderåsens, Dalby Söderskog, Stenshuvud and Ängsö National Park.
Wetlands
Of wetlands such as bogs, marshes and wet meadows around a fifth of Sweden's land area is covered. Many plants and animals have therefore especially adapted to these zones. Particularly beautiful and impressive wetlands can be found in Muddus and Store Mosse National Park.
Lakes and rivers
Sweden is one of the lakes richest countries in the world, which is why there are still rivers that are entirely or almost entirely unaffected by man. The Vindelälven, the Torne älv, the Kalixälven and Piteälven are therefore protected as national rivers. The National Park Djurö in Vänern consists predominantly of water surface and also the Färnebofjärden National Park on the shores of Dalalven is a valuable freshwater area dar.
Coast, Sea and archipelago
Very diverse the national parks along the coast. So, the National Park Skuleskogen partly an exceptionally high cliff; the Stenshuvud National Park great sand beaches on. Known for its sandy banks of the archipelago is the Haparanda Archipelago National Park. Other unique features of some national parks are the granite rocks of Blue Maiden, the sand dunes of Gotska Sandon and the open sea of Kosterhavet National Park.
Establishment and management of national parks
The central responsibility for the territorial protection in Sweden to pay the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency ( " Naturvårdsverket "). It also prepares the decisions of the government on the creation of new national parks. Support of national parks and nature reserves is usually the respective provincial government occasionally but these are also managed by foundations. For all national parks also free access is legally secured.
For each National Park there is an individual care plan, which regulates the conservation of environmental values . In these, the care of the administration, the manner of flora & fauna inventory, the construction of wind protection equipment, signs and paths and prevention measures is outlined against the visitor -related wear and disorder and noted.
Normally, the nature will remain unchanged in National Parks. Only in some culturally predetermined parks a overgrown by meadows, pastures and cultural monuments is prevented by human intervention.
Establishment and management of protected natural areas
About the creation of a protected area (nature reserve ) decide, after negotiations with the landowners and all other persons concerned, the provincial governments and the respective municipalities.
Unlike a National Park, a nature reserve there are also privately owned. Many nature reserves are created to protect the flora and fauna; other to serve as a kind of recreation area with recreational and sports facilities. However, the boundaries are blurred.
Survey
Note: Planned extensions to existing national parks are provided in the table above each with a .
National Park Plan
2007, introduced after detailed studies and surveys of likely participating provinces, organizations and landowners a new national park plan, the Swedish nature conservation authority. In future, 13 new national parks reported, and seven existing ones expanded ( see table). Would the plan fully implemented, the number of national parks to 40, the proportion of the national park area of Sweden within the protected areas ( nature reserves, etc.) from the current 1.4% would increase to 3.7%.
As can be seen from the following table, and representative sections of the Arctic region, the Vorfjällregion and the Baltic Sea islands would be protected for the first time.