San Giovanni in Persiceto
San Giovanni in Persiceto is a town with 27 177 inhabitants ( 31 December 2012) in the province of Bologna.
Management
- Mayor Renato Mazzuca, since June/2009.
- Town Hall: call center 051 68.12.701
- Climatic classification: E Zone, 2187 GR / G
History
The territory of the municipality of San Giovanni in Persiceto was inhabited at least in its southern part, since the prehistory. They found remains of the civilization of the Bronze Age and the Iron Age and the first reference to the name of the customer colonization of Celtic Communities for proven is held. The occupation of the area by the Romans is attested by the traces of centuriation (2nd century BC). There is, however, no trace of the village. One can assume that a vicus has arisen here, but no oppidum.
About the site Persiceto late antiquity, there are no sources. Perhaps these areas and the populations were affected by the migrations, but determined by flooding, the consequences are still being felt in the eastern area of the city. Wasserabsperrbauwerke were built under the rule of the Exarchate of Ravenna. In the Byzantine period, the area traversed a defense against the Lombards, who nevertheless stormed him with Liutprand to 727 and among other things also occupied the castrum Persicetum. Until then, the city's name was not documented. Probably comes from the Lombard and the typical round shape village 's historic center.
774 - 1700
After the fall of the Lombard kingdom ( 774) belonged for a long time the early medieval district Persiceto (after San Giovanni in Persiceto ) the county Modena, which stretched to the Samoggia. In the field Persiceto the Abbey of Nonantola exercised its dominion. However, one can assume that it was passed in the 9th century, the county of Bologna; in fact, it is possible that the half of this century, the parish of San Giovanni was created with the help of the bishops of Bologna. From this era might come the first concessions for undeveloped and swampy lands the part of the Abbots of Nonantola (western part ) and the bishops of Bologna ( eastern part) as a ground lease to the residents of Persicetos. These fields will form the future Partecipanza agraria ( silence agrarian society ).
After a brief period of independence ( between the XI. , And the XII. Yrs. ) The church of San Giovanni was passed in Persiceto the political rule of Bologna, whose fate she followed. They later came under the rule of Pepolis, the Visconti, the Bentivoglios and XVI was beginning. Century incorporated into the territories of the Papal States. The ' castle ' or 'Country' of S. Giovanni in Persiceto has been extended from the 13th to the 14th century by a second wall circle and other external villages were built, and, just like the castle, supposedly by pits, gates and posts were surrounded. However, the Grand Council of Bologna adopted to destroy early as the second decade of the 15th century because of the uprising of the Persicetani, the villages and the corresponding external piles, fill the pits and all the buildings that could serve as a castle to destroy. The villages were completely destroyed until 1481, but under the rule of Giovanni II Bentivoglio, the castle was again equipped with new fortifications and earth dams during the following years, so it took the shape that remained unchanged for four centuries. The Bentivoglios owes it to build a large palace in the late 15th century to a design by Gaspare Nadi, which was acquired in 1612 by the Community and, modified several times, today still serves as the town hall seat. In the last years of the reign of Bentivoglios the excavation of Cavamentos was started, a sewer for the low- lying land in S. Agata, Crevalcore and S. Giovanni in Persiceto. Vast areas in the northern Persiceto were habitable and cultivable, so that in the last thirty years from the XVI. Century built a new church and a new parish of San Matteo della Decima was built. Out of gratitude the Persicetani Giovanni II Bentivoglio gave the a vast piece of land on which the castle of "La Giovannina " was built later.
Between the XV. and XVI. Century stretched in Persiceto the cultivation and processing of hemp from new crops were introduced ( mulberry, rice, maize), the density of land ownership was increased and solidified the sharecropping system. In the XVI. Century, the area Persiceto crossed by many foreign armies with the consequences of impoverishment of the population. This led to the demise of the historic center, during the weekly market on Wednesday, thanks to old privileges maintained itself.
1700 - 1900
In the following two centuries began a remarkable architectural development, especially in the interior of the castle: Step by Step disappeared the numerous broletti (small vegetable gardens ) between the houses to make way for new buildings. At the same time old medieval buildings were destroyed and others were irreparably altered. Monasteries and churches were built (including after the dismantling of the old parish of the Collegiate ); based on the old fortress, the hospital was S.Salvatore ( now seat of the municipal library " GC Croce " and the historical archives ); the Citizens Theatre was built. The inept management of the papal legate, however, influenced the development of agriculture is negative, while in other areas of the Po Valley renewing operations were initiated in the second half of the XVIII. Century an agronomic revolution caused: For centuries, the inhabitants of the Persiceto processed hemp, which they cultivated as well. In XVIII. Century came to the weekly market, the local manufacturer of screens and from other localities ( eg Cento and Crevalcore ), so that the corresponding trading in the calls Sopra il regolamento della piazza ( from the rules of the square) and in the Mercato della Terra di San Giovanni in Persiceto (market of the country pieces of San Giovanni in Persiceto ) were mentioned. The screens, which exceeded the local demand, were exported mainly to Venice.
In the Napoleonic era, the parishes of the area of San Giovanni and from Sant'Agata were connected so that they could make four cantons (1796 ). The new church of S. Giovanni in Persiceto was briefly part of the department of the upper Padusa whose capital was Cento (1797 ), he became the chief town of the new community of Samoggia. Between 1798 and 1799, the life of the community has been touched by riots, looting, seizures and other disorders. In the second half of 1799, after the withdrawal of the French and the followers of the Cisalpine Republic, the territory of Persiceto was occupied by the Austrians and the Russians, who use the ancien regime again. However, it was the community of Samoggia restored again in July 1800. After the formation of the Republic of Italy ( 1802) came of San Giovanni in Persiceto again under the administration of Cento, where a Deputy Office of Administration was established. Early XIX. Century, after the formation of the Kingdom of Italy ( March 1805 ), it was in the area of Persiceto still. After the fall of Napoleon ( 1814), the administration of the Papal States were restored in July 1815.
In the years between 1796/1815 mostly maintained despite other administrative structures because of the adaptability of the same families, the public offices. With the dismantling of the feudal privileges and the Tenth, the seizure and sale of Church lands, it came to the accumulation of the country 's assets. It was reinforced cultivated rice. A crisis ensued, caused by not delivering adequate half leases and by the new but poor agricultural laborers. After the Restoration under the Papal States work to improve the " castle " were carried out, so that in 1838 the city the title of city by Pope Gregory XVI received. Pius IX visited in 1857. Persiceto. Secretly, but the ideals of freedom and the goal of national unity were also sought here. Some younger citizens from Persiceto took even before the Emilia-Romagna region was annexed in 1860 by the Kingdom of Sardinia, to the wars of independence in part. However, when the tax was introduced on the Ground again, San Giovanni was in Persicetto the backdrop of an uprising of the peasants (7 January 1869). Some small workshops were transformed into factories and factory workers. So a factory developed from the Nagelschmiede for producing iron beds and furniture that were running far over the border in Italy. San Giovanni Persiceto was nicknamed "Little Manchester Emilia -Romagna ".
In the last decades of the 19th century, compulsory education was extended, the traditionally classical training was replaced by a technical curriculum. The Società di mutuo soccorso (accident insurance company ) between craft and industrial workers arose. In the carnival of 1874, the first Carnival trains were organized. In 1876, the Società Ginnastica Persicetana (Turn Company dated Persiceto ). 1877, the Cassa di Risparmio ( Savings Bank ) was opened. Ten years later, the railway line between Bologna and San Giovanni - dedicated - as part of the line Bologna / Verona.
Sons and daughters of the community
- Mario Rizzi (1926-2012), diplomat of the Holy See and Apostolic Nuncio in Bulgaria
- Capponcelli Moreno ( born 1960 ), track cyclist