Tetum language

Spoken in

Austronesian

Malayo - Polynesian languages

Central Malayo -Polynesian

Timor- Flores

Timor

Fabronische languages

Tetum

Tet

Tetum (also Tetum or Tetun, formerly Belu ) is one of the two official languages of East Timor and a minority language in Indonesian West Timor. Tetum is a Malayo - Polynesian language that has taken many elements from the Portuguese language and the Indonesian / Malay. The ethnicity of Tetum Tetum used as a native language in different dialects.

Number of speakers

Overall, there are about 449 085 inhabitants alone in East Timor Tetum as their mother tongue (2010). 56.1 % of the population can speak Tetum, read and write, another 1% speak and read, read only 2% and 30 % only speak. 599 745 inhabitants of the country speak Tetum, it can only read 34 713 ( 2004). Of the various dialects indicate 385 269 East Timorese Tetum Prasa that is their native language, Tetum Terik 63,519 call here and 297 Nanaek (2010). A majority of the inhabitants of the Indonesian government district Belu and Malaka also speaks Tetum as a mother tongue. But there are also small groups of Bekais, Bunak and Kemak speakers.

Dialects

The following dialects are listed below:

Oficial Tetum ( Tetun Prasa, Tetum - Praça, Tetun Dili, Dili Tetun )
Eastern Tetum ( Tetum Terik, Soibada, Natarbora, Lakluta )
Southern Tetum ( Lia Fehan, lowland Tetum, Tasi Mani, Belu Selatan, Tetun Belu, Belunesisch )
Northern Tetum ( Lia Foho, hill Tetum, Tasi Feto, Belu Utara, Tetun Belu, Belunesisch )
Nanaek ( Nana'ek )

When the Portuguese made Dili in 1769 as the new capital of their colony Portuguese Timor, nor Mambai was spoken in the surrounding area. Result was that the local Tetum Prasa has (Portuguese Tetum Praça ) strong influences from the Mambai. But was particularly strong influence of the Portuguese. Under Portuguese rule could continue their education only in Portuguese, although Tetum and the other languages could be used. He is now mostly spoken in the sub-districts of Dili and Ermera. Further away from the capital, on the east and on the south coast of East Timor is called traditionally Tetum Terik. Tetum Prasa is more widely used by its use as a second language and is taught today as Tetum Oficial at school. During the colonial rule by the Portuguese while Portuguese was the official language, but served as a lingua franca Tetum. After the annexation of East Timor by Indonesia, the Portuguese language was forbidden, but the Catholic Church did not hold their fairs in Bahasa Indonesia, but in Tetum and thus contributed to the emergence of language and identity formation. The Belu Tetum was the language of ancient Wehale kingdom, which has its center in the Indonesian part of Timor today. Nanaek is spoken in Metinaro and along the coast between Dili and Manatuto.

Vocabulary

The Tetum word for word is liafuan derived from lia ( "voice" ) and fuan ( "fruit ").

In Tetum can be found next to the words that characterize the language as Austronesian language, loanwords from Portuguese. There are also words that were taken directly from the Austronesian also Bahasa Indonesia. For some concepts words of different origin are used in parallel, such as for the Indonesian city of Kota or derived from Portuguese words prasa (Portuguese praça, eng. Market) and sidadi (Portuguese cidade, eng. Town).

Austronesian origin

Austronesian words:

Boot - "large"
Ki'ik - "small"
Mane - " man "
Fetu - "woman"
Foho - "mountain"
Tasi - "sea"
Rain - "Land "

Loanwords from Bahasa Indonesia

Words which are derived from the Malay:

Barak - "a lot" (of Banyak )
Bele - " can " (from boleh )
Uma - "House " (from rumah )
Dalan - "Street" (from jalan )
Karreta - "Auto " (from Kereta )
Lima - "Five " (from limah )
Oan - "Man " (from orang )
Tulun - " help " (from Tolong )
Malae - " stranger ," " foreigner" (of melayu = " Malay " )

Loanwords from Portuguese

Words derived from Portuguese:

Aprende - "learn" (from aprender )
Demais - "too much "
Entaun - "so", " now " (from então )
Eskola - "School " (from escola )
Iglesia - " Church "
Istoria - "History " (from história )
Paun - " bread " (from pão )
Povu - "people" (of povo )
Relijiaun - "Religion " (from religião )
Serveja - " beer" ( from cerveja )
Tenke - " must " (of tem que )
Ajuda - "Help"

As in the Indonesian sound [ z ] (written in Portuguese s or z) has changed many times in Tetum to [ ʒ ] (written j). Examples: meja ( 'table' ) of mesa, kemeja ( "Shirt" ) of camisa. The Portuguese letters b and v have been interchanged as in serbisu ( "work") by the Portuguese serviço.

Country names

Alemana / alemaun - " Germany / German "
Áustria / austríaku - " Austria / Austrian"
Listenstaina / listenstainianu - " Liechtenstein / liechtensteinisch "
SUISA / Suisu - " Switzerland / Swiss"

The Tetum name for East Timor is Timor Lorosa'e, which literally translates to " Timor of the rising sun". Lorosa'e derived from loro ( "Sun" ). Loron means " day ".

Pay

Ida - "one"
Rua - "two"
Tolu - "three"
Haat - "four"
Lima - "five"
Neen - "six"
Hitu - "seven"
Ualu - " eight "
Sia - "nine"
Sanulu - " ten "
Sanulu -resin - ida - " eleven "
Sanulu -resin - rua - " twelve "
Sanulu -resin - tolu - " thirteen "
Sanulu -resin - haat - " fourteen "
Sanulu -resin - lima - " fifteen "
Sanulu -resin - neen - " Sixteen"
Sanulu -resin - hitu - " seventeen "
Sanulu -resin - walu - " eighteen "
Sanulu -resin - sia - " nineteen "
Ruanulu - " twenty "
Ruanulu -resin - ida - " twenty-one "
Tolunulu - " thirty "
Haatnulu - " forty "
Limanulu - " fifty "
Neennulu - " sixty "
Hitunulu - " seventy "
Walunulu - " eighty "
Sianulu - " ninety "
Atus ida - " one hundred "
Atus ida ida resin - " one hundred and one "

However Tetumsprecher often also use Malay / Indonesian words such as duapuluh ( " twenty " ) instead ruanulu, especially for numbers over one thousand.

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