Teutoburg Forest
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The Teutoburg Forest ( Teutoburger colloquially called ) is one to 446.1 meters above sea level. NHN high Mittelgebirgszug of Lower Saxony's mountain country near Osnabrück and Bielefeld in Lower Saxony and North Rhine -Westphalia. Until the 17th century the mountain range together with the southeast, Eggegebirge bore the name Osning.
The Teutoburg Forest is known by the Varus Battle (also called Battle of Teutoburg Forest ) between the Romans and the Germanic tribes in the year 9 AD 's tourist attractions include the Hermann Monument and the natural monuments of the Extern Stones and Dörenther cliffs. The highest mountain is the Barnacken.
- 3.1 History
- 3.2 combs
- 5.1 Hiking
- 5.2 Health
- 5.3 Attractions
Name
In 1616 the " Osning " by the German geographer and historian Philipp Clüver was renamed " Teutoburg Forest " - a (re) translation of the name Teutoburgiensis saltus of the area where the Roman writer According to Tacitus, the Battle of Varus ( clades Variana - the " Varus defeat " ) took place, in which the Romans were defeated by a Germanic army under the leadership of Arminius Cheruscan. Clüver based his assumption on the existing Teutberg there. The first to Blomberger Pastor John PIDERIT closed at 1627 this opinion. However, input in language use was the new name since the 18th century largely by Ferdinand von Furstenberg, Prince-Bishop of Paderborn and Münster, who took him in 1669 in his " Monumenta Paderbornensia " and printed on maps published by him.
Even today called Osning the south-east of Bielefeld around the Ebberg ( 309.5 m) located part of the Teutoburg Forest is. Colloquially, the name of the Teutoburg Forest in the region is often abbreviated as Teuto. A section of the mountain in Bad Iburg means Iburger forest and the part between Oerlinghausen and Horn-Bad Meinberg Lippe forest.
Geography
Location
The Teutoburg Forest is located in Lower Saxony's mountain country as part of the Lower Weser Uplands. Except for the section in the district of Osnabrück, in Lower Saxony, he is one of North Rhine -Westphalia. It covers approximately 105 km in length from Hörstel Steinfurt district in the northwest, south to Ibbenbüren and Osnabrück past, through the district of Gütersloh, by the Bielefeld city and in the district of Lippe past Oerlinghausen and Detmold up to Horn -Bad Meinberg in the southeast.
In Horn-Bad Meinberg, the seam is on the south-facing Eggegebirge: It is located just southeast of the Knee Mount ( 365.1 m) at the Silver Mill ( 249.1 m ) and on Silver Creek, the north-north- eastward flowing from Veldrom after Leopoldstal; adjacent to the south of the mountain knee but still west of the river valley lying book mountain (about 385 m) is the Knieberg to the southeastern hills of the Teutoburg Forest. Southeast of the valley is the northern flank of Lippe Velmerstot ( 441.4 m ) to the other side or south of it Prussian Velmerstot (approx. 464 m) in the far north of the Eggebirges. Southwest of the mountain interface is the Senne as sandy southwestern foothills of the Teutoburg Forest and the south-east as western foothills of the northern Eggegebirge.
When folded mountains rises the Teutoburg forest, together with the northern Wiehengebirge far into the North German Plain into it. Southwest of the Central Mountains lies the Westphalian Bay, east of the Lippe Uplands.
The highest elevations of the Teutoburg Forest are the Barnacken ( 446.1 m), as the highest mountain of the mountain, in its southeast part. In the north west, the wooded mountain drops almost continuously until it SSE at Huckberg ( 95.2 m) reached its lowest point of Hörstel and foothills west of the Ems - the Thieberg ( 83.5 m) - ends.
Nature parks
Almost all of the Teutoburg Forest is one of two directly adjacent nature park at: In its northwestern part (northwest of Bielefeld) and in northern Wiehengebirge of the 1220 km ² large nature and Geopark TERRA.vita and in the southeast part (southeast of Bielefeld) and Eggegebirge lies with fringes southwards to Diemeltal the 2711 km ² large Teutoburg Forest Nature Park / Eggegebirge (especially formerly Eggegebirge Nature Park and Southern Teutoburg Forest called ).
Mountains
The Teutoburg Forest is in the south east directly into the Eggegebirge over, so at first glance it is unclear which mountain is the highest mountain or what belongs to which mountains. In this regard, partly also the Lippe and Prussian Velmerstot be mentioned, but which, as described above, geologically belong to Eggegebirge.
The Barnacken ( 446.1 m) in the extreme southeast of the Teutoburg Forest, northwest of the Silberbachtals is the highest mountain in the entire mountain range. The highest elevation in its central part is the Dörenberg ( 331.2 m) at Georgsmarienhütte south of Osnabrück. The northwestern tip ( in Osning and Germany ) over 200 m is the Leedener mountain ( 202.4 m) at Ledeen north of Lengerich and east of Tecklenburg, approximately 450 m east of Federal Highway 1 This is only surpassed by the slag heap in ibbenbüren - Dickenberg 216 m.
At the foothills of the Teutoburg Forest are in the district of Steinfurt, in addition to the city and the mountain forest hill ( 90.4 m) in Rheine also expected that reaches New churches extending from Rheine Thieberg ( 83.5 m).
Mountain overview ( see main article List of mountains and ridges in the Teutoburg Forest): To the mountains and foothills ( part only heights of Teuto main ridge ), includes the Teutoburg Forest and its foothills - sorted by height in meters ( m) above mean sea level ( MSL, if not specified otherwise in generally noisy) and with nearby towns:
- Barnacken ( 446.1 m), Horn-Bad Meinberg Holzhausen
- Hollow stone ( 433.2 m), Snake Kohlstaedt; with hollow cave
- Upper Langenberg ( 418.8 m), Horn-Bad Meinberg Holzhausen
- Bielenstein ( 393.6 m), Detmold - Hiddesen, with transmitter
- Grotenburg (or Teutberg; 386 m), Detmold - Hiddesen, with Hermann Monument and ring wall
- Knieberg ( 365.1 m), Horn-Bad Meinberg, southeast end point of the Teutoburg Forest
- Big Ehberg ( 339.6 m), Detmold - Pivitsheide VL
- Tönsberg ( 336.9 m), Oerlinghausen, with burial chapel, Saxony stock, Lons Memorial, Memorial for Fallen of the 1st World War, windmill stump Kumsttonne
- Dörenberg ( 331.2 m), Georgsmarienhuette, with Hermann tower ( observation tower )
- Ebberg ( 309.5 m), Bielefeld - Senne, with the Iron Anton ( lookout tower )
- Hankenüll ( 307.1 m), Dissen and Borgholzhausen
- Holland head ( 306.6 m), Borgholzhausen
- Johannisegge (293 m), Borgholzhausen, with Luisenturm ( lookout tower )
- Big Freeden (269 m), Hilter, Fauna and Habitats Directives Sanctuary
- Steinegge (TW ) ( 266 m), Dissen am Teutoburger Wald
- Hohnberg (242 m), Bad Iburg
- Wester Becker mountain ( 235 m), Lengerich
- Beutling (approx. 220 m), Melle- Wellingholzhausen, Nature Reserve, Lookout
- Urberg ( 218.1 m), Bad Iburg
- Leedener mountain ( 202.4 m), Tecklenburg - Ledeen
- Johannisberg (197 m), Bielefeld
- Copper Mountain (197 m), Detmold - Heidenoldendorf
- Limberg ( 194.3 m), Bad Iburg, the crash site of Zeppelin LZ 7, 1910
- Lammersbrink ( 191.9 m), Georgsmarienhuette, with varus tower
- Dörenther cliffs (159 m), Ibbenbüren
- Kloten mountain ( 159 m ), Brochterbeck
- Hagenberg ( 139.2 m), Bad Iburg
- Birgter mountain ( 131.8 m), Hörstel - Birgte
- Bearing mountain ( 128.2 m) Hörstel -Riesenbeck
- Riesenbecker mountain ( 134 m), Hörstel -Riesenbeck
- Bergeshöveder mountain ( 118.2 m), Hörstel -Riesenbeck
- Huckberg ( 95.2 m), Hörstel - Bevergern, northwestern endpoint of the Teutoburg Forest
- Thieberg ( Neuenkirchener mountain; 83.5 m), between Rheine and New Churches
Watersheds and watercourses
The middle section of the Teutoburg Forest is a part of the Weser -Ems - watershed. His extreme southeast, where are the Lippe forest and the above mentioned Barnacken, is a part of the Rhine -Weser watershed. The two watersheds meet in a hydrographic watershed point, which is marked with the three river stone since 2009.
The longest rivers that drain the Teutoburg Forest, the EMS (about 371 km ), lip (about 220 km) and rabbit are (approx. 170 km). In addition, in the spring in the highlands or in its foreland numerous streams and several small rivers ( in alphabetical order ):
- The Bever, united by several southwestward flowing streams, is a Ems Creek.
- The Dreierwalder Aa ( north side) flows through the valley between northwestern Teutoburg Forest and the sheep mountain ( western continuation of the Wiehengebirge ) northwestward to the Ems.
- The Düte rises on the northeast slope of the mountain mockery northwest of Hilter, flows through Georgsmarienhütte and opens below of Osnabrück in the rabbit.
- The river originates as the lip in the Senne, arise in the other EMS inflows: The Dalke flows west from Gütersloh to receive the Wapelbaches in the Ems.
- The Senne river flows, west of Rietberg right hand into the Ems.
- The Glenne, called the upper reaches Haustenbach, flows west of Lippstadt in the lip.
- The Thune, called the upper reaches Strothe, opens as a lip - inflow in the Lippesee.
Geology
Genesis
The geological formation of the Teutoburg Forest began at the end of the Mesozoic Era, about 65-70 million years ago. As a consequence of the Saxonian Bruchschollentektonik there was a break between the great clods of the Rheinische mass and the Lower Saxony Tektogen; this fraction is called today Osning column. The northern plaice pushed over the southern, taught their rock layers on some vertical and let them tip over even in part.
The rock layers that make up the Teutoburg Forest auffaltete as described later, were formed when the region was almost continuously covered during the Mesozoic until about 65.5 million years of seas. On the ocean floor were formed in the Triassic, the most important for the formation of the rocks of the Teutoburg Forest period from 251 to 199.6 million years ago today, very thick sediment deposits. These were made up of the mainland is flooded substances, mainly sands, and the calcareous shells of marine animals. Under its own pressure to the solidified sediments. From the sand to sandstone formed from the calcium deposits and limestone.
A significant proportion of the current appearance of the Teutoburg Forest, with its pronounced longitudinal valleys also had the ice ages of the Quaternary with their strong erosive forces.
For the most part consists of the Teutoburg Forest of three parallel ridges, of which the north-east and the south-western in many places are cut by rift valleys, while the average is only a few places and mostly cut low. The ridges are formed by the different hardness of here obliquely projecting from the bottom of rock strata. The mountain range has few visible rocks, among which are the Dörenther cliffs in the northwest and the external stones in the southeast.
The geologically oldest is the northern ridge, which consists of limestone of the Triassic. From the Lower Cretaceous comes the middle ridge, at the same time the main ridge of the Teutoburg Forest, whose highest peak is the Barnacken ( 446.1 m). This comb is made from Osning sandstone. Geologically the youngest is the southern ridge of limestone of the Upper Cretaceous.
Settlement history
The narrow ridge mountains of the Teutoburg Forest was (as well Wiehen and Weser mountain range) probably sparsely populated. In these mountains, but castles were built, with preference being given to the plain projecting hilltops were exploited. There they were only a few kilometers away from the populated plains, had good connection there and could be easily achieved. The flight or people strongholds of the "Rhine -Weser Germanic " (cf. Cherusker ) of Christ's birth are (according to G. Mildenberger ) to calculate the Grotenburg (at the Hermann monument) and the Tönsberg in Oerlinghausen. In the Lion's Castle in Lämershagen, a Bielefeld district in the borough Stieghorst, it is also a fortified settlement, which was used until the High Middle Ages. Your name refers to Henry the Lion.
In addition, there are two castles in the Teutoburg Forest, now more than reconstructed original: The Ravens mountain castle in Borgholzhausen gave the Ravens Berger country's name. Later the Counts of Berg moved their headquarters Ravens on the rafter Castle in Bielefeld, whose rafters symbol today is coat of arms of the city of Bielefeld and the whole Ravens Berger country and until the first decades of Brandenburg's reign was the administrative center of the region. Another Graf seat was the castle in Tecklenburg Tecklenburg. After the County of Tecklenburg had come to Prussia, it was built in 1744 by order of the Prussian government largely demolished. The region is called after this count as a seat Tecklenburger country.
In the late Middle Ages, the period of the lowest forest and most extensive arable land in Central Europe, including ridge lines were used for agricultural purposes, which are forested again today. A former non- reforested arable land of this type is the Ochsenheide in Bielefeld.
Tourism
Tourist, the " holiday region Teutoburg Forest " than the pure mountain range of the Teutoburg Forest understands addition as possible. The entire region of East Westphalia -Lippe ( Detmold ) and beyond is marketed under the Teutoburg Forest. It makes use of the relative prominence of the term in Germany advantage. The acceptance and identification with the term Teutoburg Forest is less pronounced within the region of East Westphalia -Lippe.
Hiking
Almost all the forested mountains of the Teutoburg Forest are attractive with an extensive network of trails for hiking. Usually leads its main ridge as part of Hermannshöhen of the 156 km long Hermannsweg, one of the German long-distance trails. Since 5 September 2008, he is a certified by the German Hiking Association quality trail. It lies between the mountains Bielenstein in the west and in the east the Grotenburg extending in a north-south direction and popular with walkers Heidenbachtal. Also certified according to the criteria of the German Hiking Association is the Eggeweg which is signposted and advertised together with the Hermannsweg as Hermannshöhen. Two other certified paths in the holiday region Teutoburg Forest are the viaduct footpath at Altenbeken and Hansaweg between Herford and Hameln.
Health
The holiday region Teutoburg Forest has a total of seven spas to offer a fairly high density in the area of health. In addition to classic spa and rehabilitation stays are increasingly developed and privately paid health leave, which is not identical with wellness in the strict sense. The medical expertise of the clinics and hotel deals are linked here.
Attractions
Among the destinations and attractions in or near the Teutoburg Forest include:
- Dörenther cliffs, sandstone rock formation rock squatting woman; at Ibbenbüren
- Donoperteich, in a nature reserve between Hiddesen and Pivitsheide V. H.
- Eggegebirge, directly southeast of the Teutoburg Forest subsequent neighboring mountains
- Extern Stones, Sandstone rock formation; in Horn Bad Meinberg
- Ruin Falkenburg, ruins of a castle built from 1190 to 1194; near Detmold - Berlebeck
- Fürstenallee, historic section of today's national road 937; south of the Gauseköte
- Gauseköte, pass in the Teutoburg Forest
- Hermann Monument, Monument built 1838 to 1875; near Detmold - Hiddesen
- Hermann tower, lookout tower on the Dörenberg; at Georgsmarienhütte
- Hermannsweg trail as part of the Hermannshöhe path on the mountain main ridge
- Ravensburg Mountain, built in 1080; at Borgholzhausen