Turkish Airlines

Turkish Airlines (Turkish: Türk Hava Yollari AO) is the partly state-owned airline of Turkey, headquartered in Istanbul and a member of the international airline alliance Star Alliance and cooperation partners of the Arab Air Carriers Organization. 49.12 % of the shares belong to the state, 50.88 % are traded on the Istanbul Stock Exchange.

  • 3.1 Overview
  • 3.2 Fleet Policy
  • 3.3 Special coatings

History

Propeller era

Turkish Airlines was in May 1933 under the name Türkiye Devlet Hava Yollari ( DHY ) was founded. The fleet consisted at the time of two Kingbird, each with five seats, two Junkers F 13 with 4 seats and a Havilland Dragon with 10 seats. In 1938 the fleet was supplemented with DC-3 type aircraft Douglas. The first international flight took place in 1947 by Ankara via Istanbul to Athens. A total of 7 aircraft of the type De Havilland Heron came in 1955 added to the fleet. In 1956, the DHY Türk Hava Yollari in A.O. ( THY) renamed. Between 1958 and 1961 aircraft types Vickers Viscount, Fokker F -27 and Fairchild F-27 were purchased.

The Jet Age

1967, the first jet aircraft was integrated into the fleet in a straight line, a Douglas DC -9- 14th In 1971 the fleet was reinforced with a time being leased Boeing 707. On 1 December 1972, the first wide-body airplane was (DC -10) delivered to Turkish Airlines ( THY). Thus THY was the first non-US operator of this aircraft. The F-27 in 1973 were replaced with models of the Fokker F-28. In 1974, the first Boeing 727 were integrated into the fleet.

In 1974, Turkish Airlines founded the subsidiary Cyprus Turkish Airlines.

In 1983, the fleet was supplemented with aircraft of the type de Havilland Canada DHC -7, 1985 with Airbus A310.

In June 1986, the first connection is established to the Far East by a flight to Singapore in August 1988 launched the first flight to New York.

Was founded in 1987 with investment banks, the airline Boğaziçi Hava TASIMACILIK (BHT ). Since the desired workloads were not met, pulled one back in 1989 out of the cargo and charter area BHT.

In 1989, Turkish Airlines domestic airline Türk Hava TASIMACILIK (THT ) with regional aircraft type BAe ATP. In the same year was founded in cooperation with Deutsche Lufthansa, SunExpress.

Expansion in the 1990s

1991 Turkish Airlines began a fleet expansion with the Boeing 737 in June 1993, the first Airbus A340 -300 were integrated into the fleet. This was followed in the same year smaller machines for domestic flights of the Avro RJ 100 In August 1993, found on the aircraft of type A340 first flights with First Class instead. 1994, the third A340 was to buy the models DC-9 scrapped it.

In 1994 it was decided to incorporate the THT in THY; BAe ATP were returned. In 1996, the Lufthansa its 49% owned partnership in SunExpress to the charter airline Condor, later Thomas Cook, from. In 2007, Lufthansa acquired these shares again.

Signed in 1998, Turkish Airlines, a business agreement (Alliance) with five of the largest airlines in Europe and other quality flyer for The Group. In addition to increasing their fleet to 15 Boeing 737-800 ( first delivery May 1998), the second large maintenance hangar was put into operation in 1999. Turkish Airlines thus made ​​even more international and renowned airlines from as customers. As of that same year a ban on smoking machines applies to all Turkish Airlines.

Development since 2000

The airline was made in 2000 a fleet increased by seven additional Boeing 737-800 and an Airbus A340. The first commercial flights to Sydney ( Australia) were taken at the 2000 Summer Olympics. Also, the frequent flyer program "Miles & Smiles " was introduced in 2000.

2003 online tickets and " traveling without ticket" introduced. Turkish Airlines led a campaign for the provision of automated external defibrillators ( AEDs) in all aircraft and training of the crew to perform CPR.

In 2005 there was a fleet augmentation by four new Airbus models A320, A321 and A330 the first. At Boeing B737 -800 15 more were ordered. That same year, the appearance and the service concept of Turkish Airlines were renewed: the aircraft received a redesigned livery with a tulip in the rear area. As of 2006, concluded an agreement with Turkish Airlines Kenya Airways and led negotiations on entry into the Star Alliance. That same year, Pratt & Whitney and Turkish Airlines Technic signed an agreement for the construction of a large maintenance center at Sabiha Gokcen Airport, which will be the world's eighth maintenance center of P & W.

Since 2006, Turkish Airlines is the quality standards OHSAS 18001:1999, ISO 9001:2000 and ISO 14001:2004 certified.

2008 Turkish Airlines founded in the face of growing competition for cheap flights on domestic routes, the low cost airline AnadoluJet. In December 2008, 49% of the Bosnian- Herzegovinian airline B & H Airlines were taken. Turkish Airlines also expressed interest in takeover of the ailing Serbian airline JAT Airways, as well as Poland's national carrier LOT; these plans were later discarded. On 24 and 25 December 2008, the fleet was expanded by two long-haul Boeing 777- 300ER. With these machines THY also offers First Class Flights, inter alia, to the objectives of Singapore, Hong Kong, London, New York and Tokyo. Since 1 April 2008, Turkish Airlines is a member of the 1997 founded airline alliance Star Alliance.

2010 increased TK as part of their marketing strategy, their sports sponsorship. It acts as an ' official carrier ' or the main sponsor for some football and basketball clubs such as FC Barcelona, Manchester United, Shakhtar Donetsk and the Athens club Maroussi BC. 2011 was TK title sponsor of the European Basketball League, from 2011 officially " Turkish Airlines Euro League Basketball " was so.

TK introduced on long routes in addition to the regular economy- a new premium economy class, with 116 cm of legroom and own seats. In addition, TK offers ( claims to be the first airline in the world ) live television on transatlantic flights to. Furthermore, the Internet access over the ocean should be possible.

In June 2012, it was announced that Turkish Airlines plans to expand its long-haul fleet, and that at least 15 wide-body aircraft. However, it should be ordered neither Airbus A380 yet Boeing 747-8.

Also in February 2013 TK announced that a new national airline for the state of Niger is to be established in the TA to take over the building and skills services. Air Niger was the last international airline in Niger; She ceased to operate in 1985 due to financial difficulties one. The hub is located in Niamey and hot society Niger Airways. 51 percent of the shares belong to Niger, 49 percent of the TA.

Turkish Airlines chief Temel Kotil designated TK in March 2013 as the world's fastest growing airline.

The Lufthansa announced in November 2013, the code-sharing agreement with Turkish Airlines at March 31, 2014. Reason for this is the increasing competition between the two airlines.

Destinations

The network consists of a total of 243 goals (201 international and 42 national ). It is the hub in Istanbul by Istanbul- Ataturk (IST) served in the European part. Other main airports are located in Ankara ( Esenboga International Airport, ESB) and Izmir ( Adnan Menderes Airport, ADB ) located. 2012 Turkish Airlines transported 38.1 million passengers (in 2006, 16 million passengers). According to Airline Guide is flying Turkish Airlines most countries worldwide. Currently, there are 104 countries will be served.

Turkish Airlines also maintains code-share agreement with Malaysia Airlines ( since 1999), Austrian Airlines, American Airlines, LOT, Czech Airlines (all since 2000), SunExpress (since 2001), Lufthansa (since 2007), All Nippon Airways (since 2008 ), Singapore Airlines, Asiana Airlines, Etihad ( since 2009) Furthermore, with JetBlue, Egyptair, Royal Air Maroc, Syrian Arab Airlines, Luxair. , Ethiopian Airlines, Garuda Indonesia, TAP Portugal, Pakistan International Airlines, Swiss, Air Malta, United Airlines U.S. Airways, and Air China. (since 2013) Scandinavian Airlines Air Astana Air New Zealand

Fleet

Survey

As of September 2013 the fleet of Turkish Airlines aircraft is from 233 with an average age of 6.5 years:

Fleet Policy

All aircraft of Turkish Airlines are traditionally named after Turkish cities. Here, the following principle applies: Large models ( A340/330 ) receive large cities as godfather. The smaller the aircraft, the smaller the eponymous city. Due to the expansion of the fleet exceeded the number of aircraft that of Turkey's 81 provinces, yielding christens the aircraft by known locations and terms.

While the number of aircraft in June 2008 stood at 105, it rose over the summer continuously and reached 115 in September and December 2008 for the first 120 through new orders to modern aircraft, both the fleet size, and the number of destinations to continuously increase. The procurement of new aircraft of the latest generation, in addition to the economic aspect by about lower fuel consumption and strategic reasons. By including flights to new destinations in North and South America, Australia and the Far East, the Turkish Airlines intends to increase its share of long-haul flights.

In October 2010, she received her first Boeing 777- 300ER. She received a new paint job and the name of Dolmabahce. It has the registration TC- JJE and, like all other Boeing 777- 300ER mainly for flights to New York, Los Angeles, Tokyo, Beijing, Seoul, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Sao Paulo, Buenos Aires, Toronto, Bangkok, London, Paris, Frankfurt, Dubai and Houston used. With this new B777- 300ER Comfort Class was introduced for the first time. It is located as Premium Economy between economy and business class.

In March 2013 it was confirmed that Turkish Airlines to increase an aircraft inventory to 375 pieces, which has made so far in the Turkish largest order in aviation history. By 2020 140 new aircraft to be procured: 2 A330 -200F, 31 A321-200s, 4 A320neo and A321neo 53 ( plus 35 as an option ) and 17 A330 -300 from Airbus as well as 13 737-800 5737 - 900ERs and 15 777 -300ER from Boeing. On May 14, 2013 Turkish Airlines fixed an order for 50 Boeing 737 -MAX and another 20 Boeing 737-800. An additional 25 Boeing 737 -MAX were ordered as an option. Thus, Turkish Airlines had open a total of 100 orders for Boeing.

Special coatings

  • Turkish Airlines carried the Turkish national football team in a specially repainted for the Football World Cup 2002 Airbus A340 to Japan / Korea and back. The aircraft wore an oversized football front in red and the words " 2002 World Cup Finalist".
  • The Airbus A320 with registration TC- JLC received a retro paint in the design of the 1970s and the words "since 1933". The machine flies with the registration XA - MXF for Mexicana since December 2006.
  • On 24 August 2006, included in the current THY fleet with a ceremonial handover ceremony of the 100th aircraft. The new Boeing 737-800 of Turkish Airlines with registration TC- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (Bodrum ) was provided with a special paint. Remarkable are the large area light blue colored wing pattern rear of the aircraft and the number "100" and the atomic number 100 identifying with a point by point THY emblem on the fuselage and engines. The modified paint in the typical Boeing factory is the manufacturer's colors a gift.
  • On March 30, 2008, the first aircraft in the colors of the Star Alliance painted ( A340 -300 TC- JDL ).
  • Two Boeing 737-800 with registration TC- JFH and TC- JFI were also painted in Star Alliance colors.
  • A 777- 300ER was painted in a special FC Barcelona livery, as the airline is a sponsor of this team. Also, a Boeing 737-800 was fitted with a special paint. Furthermore, the airline " Official Airline Partner" of Manchester United.
  • A Boeing 737-800 with registration TC- JHF got the occasion of sponsoring the Basketball World Championship 2010, a special paint.
  • To mark the 50th anniversary of Turkish Airlines flights to Germany, the Airbus A321 -200 with registration TC- JRK 2010 was accompanied by the corresponding special paint.
  • A Boeing 737-800 with registration TC- JHL received a special paint with 17,000 photos of the employees.
  • A Boeing 737- 900ER with registration TC- JYI (Mugla ) was the 200th aircraft for the Turkish Airlines and received a special livery with the inscription " 200th Aircraft".
  • An A330 -300 with registration TC- JNI ( Konak ) received a special livery with the inscription "Istanbul 2020 ". The inscription refers to the Olympia 2020 Application Turkey.
  • A B737 -800 was given at the premium partnership with Borussia Dortmund a special paint. The aircraft with registration TC- JHU was painted with the words " BVB ".

Awards

  • 2003: Award for the fewest lost items ( "lost baggage " ) on flights of all European airlines (1st place).
  • 2004: Turkish Airlines is honored as zweitpünktlichste airline in Europe in August by the Association of European Airlines ( AEA). In addition, Turkish Airlines maintains its place as the airline with the fewest lost objects (this time 2nd place behind Air Malta).
  • 2005: Turkish Airlines obtained by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA ) received an award as the world's only maintenance center with zero-error index. The American Society announced then that the service facilities of the Turkish Airlines are to be regarded as an exemplary center for the maintenance of all U.S. civil aircraft.
  • 2005: Award from the merger of the European Aviation Authorities Joint Aviation Authorities ( JAA) in the areas of aviation safety, technical maintenance and repair.
  • 2006: In April, the inclusion in the IATA Operational Safety Audit ( IOSA ) Air safety standard program and the awarding of the " IOSA operator " status occurs.
  • 2006: Turkish Airlines receives from the Association of European Airlines for the year 2006, the following awards: punctual airline in Europe (No. 1 ) with 86.5 percent "on- time" departures (2005: 3rd place with 77.6 per cent)
  • Reliable baggage transport in Europe (No. 1 ) with a share of 4.3 per mille of "lost baggage " (2005: 2nd place with 5.1 per thousand )
  • Highest increase in share of passenger traffic in Europe (No. 1 ) with 23.5 per cent (previous year: 3rd place with 19.5 per cent )
  • Skytrax Awards: Best Airline Southern Europe
  • Skytrax Awards: Best Southern European airline, best onboard catering in Economy Class
  • Skytrax Awards: Best airline in Europe, best airline in Southern Europe
  • Market Leadership Award 2011
  • Skytrax Awards: Best Airline Europe ( Best Airline Europe), best southern European airline, best seats in Premium Economy Class
  • Skyscanner: Best On Board Catering
  • Air Transport Awards: Airline of the Year
  • Skytrax Awards: Best Airline in Europe, Best Catering in Business Class, Best Airline in Southern Europe
  • CAPA: Airline of the Year Award 2013

Incidents

Since 1959, THY lost 23 aircraft, with a total of 902 people died. Since 1990, Turkish Airlines lost seven machines with a total of 148 fatalities.

  • The most devastating disaster in the history of THY took place on 3 March 1974, when all 333 passengers and 13 crew members on board a crowded DC - 10 just after takeoff from Paris -Orly came with flight number 981 in the crash. Cause was the improper locking of the rear cargo hatch on the ground, which was by design prone to such problems.
  • On December 29, 1994, a Boeing 737-400 crashed on the flight 278 from Ankara coming when landing from the airport Ferit Melen ( Van, Turkey). The machine crashed in about 1700 meters of altitude in poor visibility and snow against a mountain. In the accident 5 of 7 crew members and 52 of the 69 passengers were killed.
  • 7 April 1999 Boeing 737-400, Ceyhan, Turkey: When climbing through bad weather, the pilots lost control for unknown reasons and crashed to the ground. The 737 was on a ferry flight crew, there were no passengers on board. All six crew members were killed.
  • On January 8, 2003 Avro RJ100 the final approach to Diyarbakir Airport, Turkey crashed. When flying through a fog bank, the pilots lost their way and put on before the runway. Here, the plane broke into several pieces and began to burn. Only five people survived, 75 people have died.
  • The penultimate hijacking is dated 3 October 2006, when an unarmed passenger forced a Boeing 737-400 on the flight from Tirana to Istanbul in 1476 to landing in Brindisi. After landing, the hijackers sought to political asylum.
  • On 25 February 2009, a Boeing 737-800 crashed on the flight 1951 when the final approach to Amsterdam in an uninhabited area in front of the Schiphol Airport and broke apart. Of the 128 passengers and 7 crew members on board 9 people were killed, including all three pilots. In the final investigation report, the Dutch Aviation Safety Authority sees the cause of a malfunction in the radar altimeter, to which the crew responded incorrectly.
  • The last attempted hijacking took place on 5 January 2011, as an approximately 40 - year-old man attempted a Boeing 737-800 on the flight 1754 from Oslo to Istanbul to kidnap. However, it was other passengers to overpower the man and he was arrested after landing.
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