Arraiolos
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Template: Infobox city in Portugal / maintenance / management location is empty Template: Infobox city in Portugal / Maintenance / Web page is blank Arraiolos is a small town ( Vila ) and a circle ( concelho ) in Portugal with 3387 inhabitants (as at 30 June 2011). The place is famous for its wool carpets.
The Arraiolos Group, an association of non-executive European heads of state, is named after the city, where they will find their first meeting held in 2003.
History
Findings suggest a human presence since at least the Neolithic period. Presumably, the town was founded as Calantia around 360 BC by Celtiberian, other sources mention Sabines, Tusculer and Albanians as the founder. Under the Romans it was as Calantica a town in the province Lusitania. The later name comes, however, from the ancient Greek governor Rayeo or from Rayo, who reigned 200 BC here. About Terras de Rayo and Terra Rayola (German: "Land of Rayo " ), then as Rayopolis and Rayolis (English: "City of Rayo " ), continue on Rayolo and then Arrayolo, the current place name arose.
After the invasion, especially Germanic tribes ( Goths, Vandals, Alamanni, Suebi amongst others ) which replaced the Romans as rulers of the Iberian peninsula, conquered the Alans 414 Arraiolos. After 711, the Moors took also this place, in its eight-year campaign, which they built their sphere of al -Andalus on the Iberian Peninsula. However, is not much known about the explicit history of the place Arraiolos since the end of Roman rule. During the Reconquest, the town was then mentioned again frequently. King D.Afonso II gave the area with the place Arraiolos in 1217 the bishop of Évora, D.Soeiro II
First City rights were granted Arraiolos 1290, according to other sources 1310. D.Dinis King left off in 1305 built a castle here. After his merits in the Portuguese Revolution in 1383 Nuno Álvares Pereira received from 1387 to the field, and he lived for some time in Arraiolos.
Displaced from Lisbon Moors settled here in the 15th century and founded the tradition of colorful wool carpets, for which the place is known to this day. King D.Manuel I. renewed 1511 city rights Arraiolos in the course of his administrative reforms.
The circle of Arraiolos 1835 the District of Évora affiliated. 1855 saw the circle its resolution and its integration into the circle Vimieiro. From 1895 to 1898 Arraiolos belonged to the county of Mora to since then to be independent again.
Culture and sights
After their expulsion from Lisbon Mouraria district the most anguished here Moors stayed in place and carried away their craft of wool rugs. For quality carpets the place to this day is known.
The place is right on the rail line opened in 1908 from Evora to Mora, the Ramal de Mora. She was decommissioned in 1988 and is today in a Ecovia ( bike path ) converted.
The Megalithic Monuments ( Portuguese: Anta ) Anta de Arraiolos is over 5000 years old. Other archaeological sites are the Roman ruins from the 2nd to 3rd century at the church Santana, and the medieval castle Castelo de Arraiolos from the 14th century. This goes back to about 2500 BC, built a Bronze Age village and to about 1000 BC built attachment of the Castro culture.
Among the monuments of the place include the following, various historic private and public buildings, including the cinema, the post office, the old hospital and the train station. Even some religious buildings are listed, as the Mannerist - Baroque Igreja da Misericordia de Arraiolos from the 16th century.
In addition, the historical town center as a whole is under monument protection.
The former Convent of Nossa Senhora da Assunção from the 16th century has now been converted into a Pousada.
Management
Circle
Arraiolos is the seat of the homonymous district. The neighboring districts are ( clockwise beginning in the north): Mora, Sousel, Estremoz, Évora, Montemor -o -Novo and Coruche.
The following parishes ( freguesias ) lying in circle Arraiolos:
- Arraiolos
- Igrejinha ( Arraiolos )
- Sabugueiro
- Santa Justa
- São Gregório
- São Pedro de Gafanhoeira
- Vimieiro
Demographics
Local holiday
- Ascension of Christ
Traffic
Since the closure of the railway line Ramal de Mora 1988, the site has no connection to the railway network in the country. It is involved in the nationwide bus network of speech Expressos.
Arraiolos has on the N4 road connection to the 20 km south west junction No.4 ( Montemor -o -Novo -Este ) of the motorway A6 (also European Route 90).
Sons and daughters of the town
- Joaquim da Cunha Rivara Heliodoro (1809-1879), physician, university teachers, researchers and politicians India
- José Caeiro da Mata (1877-1963), Foreign Minister
- Máximo Homem de Campos Rodrigues (1879-1927), physician and politician, head of the government of the District of Évora
- Simão César Dordio Gomes (1890-1976), painter
- José Félix Mira (1901-1981), agricultural entrepreneur and politician, head of the government of the District of Évora