Córdoba Province, Argentina
( Details)
( Details)
- Total - Percentage of Argentina
165,321 km ² 5.97
- Total 2008 - Density
3,217,812 inhabitants 19.5 inhabitants / km ²
The Cordoba is located in central Argentina just north its geographical center, it is therefore sometimes called the "Heart of Argentina ". Córdoba is one of the more densely populated and economically important areas of the country. Their capital, which is also called Córdoba and the province gave its name, is the second largest city of Argentina, and an important industrial center.
Córdoba is bordered to the north by Santiago del Estero, on the east by Santa Fe, on the southeast by Buenos Aires, in the south of La Pampa, on the southwest by San Luis, on the west by La Rioja and Catamarca in the north- west.
- 2.1 Important cities 2.1.1 cities with more than 10,000 inhabitants
- 3.1 Economic Activities
- 3.3 Economic situation
- 3.4 Transport and Infrastructure
Geography
Geographically, the province consists of two parts: the mountainous west of the Sierras de Córdoba, which belongs to the Sierras Pampeanas, and the corresponding half each for the Pampa and Chaco plains flat east.
Mountains
The Sierras de Córdoba consist of three running in a north-south direction mountain ranges: the Sierra Grande in the west, the Sierra Chica in the east and the Sierra de los Comechingones that connects south to both of the aforementioned mountain ranges. Of these three main mountain ranges branch off several, lower side moves; the most important are the Sierra de Ambargasta in the north of the Sierra Chica and the Sierra de Pocho in the west of the Sierra Grande.
Highest elevations of Cerro Champaquí ( 2790 m) in the Sierra Grande and Cerro Los Gigantes ( 2,370 m ) in the Sierra Grande, the highest peak of the Sierra Chica is the Uritorco (1979 m). Between the sierras there are three runs in the north -south valleys, the Valle de Punilla, the Valle de Calamuchita and the Valle de traslasierra, as well as high levels of 1500-2000 meters above sea level, the so-called pampas serranas that have a sparse vegetation and are only very sparsely populated.
Levels
The eastern plains are the most densely populated region of the province. It is divided geographically into territories in the north around the Río Dulce and Lake Mar Chiquita, which are part of the Gran Chaco, and to the south, part of the Pampa. The boundary between two vegetation zones is not precisely defined, as the level is farmed intensively and therefore hardly original vegetation has been preserved; it was formerly the south of the city of Córdoba, but the nature of the Chaco dry forests are now only north of the city Déan Funes (about 100 km north of Córdoba) available.
Waters
The most striking waters of the province is the Lake Mar Chiquita in the northeast of the province, which is 5,770 square kilometers, extending the largest of Argentina and the second largest in South America. He has no outlet and salty and drains a vast area in northwestern Argentina. Most important tributaries are the Rio Dulce in the north and the Río Suquía or Río Primero and the Río Río Segundo Xanaes or in the south.
Two other rivers cross the province from west to east: the Río Ctalamochita (Río Tercero ) and the Río Chocanchavara (Río Cuarto ); they unite in the east of the province to the Río Saladillo, which flows into the Río Paraná. In the extreme south of the Río Córdoba Popopis (Río Quinto ) also flows from west to east, but it dries up in a swampy area in the southeast of the province.
Several artificial reservoirs accumulate the respective flows. The largest are the Embalse Río Tercero ( at Embalse ), the Embalse Cruz del Eje in the northwest, the Embalse Ingeniero Medina Allende in the West, the Embalse Los Molinos in the center and the Embalse San Roque in Villa Carlos Paz
Climate
The climate is in the low-lying parts of the province temperate with warm to hot, humid summers ( 22 ° -26 ° C average temperature ) and mild, extremely dry winters (10 ° -13 ° C average temperature, with large fluctuations between day and night) in which there are often fires. The plains west of the Sierras are due to the prevailing easterly winds with about 550 mm of precipitation per year while drier than the east with 750 to 850 mm. On the Pampas Serranas and high altitudes in the Sierras, there is a harsh climate with cool summers (15 ° C) and cold winters (5 ° C) with frequent, but usually only weak snowfalls.
Flora and Fauna
In the plains is obtained from the original flora very little, most original are the areas around the salt desert Salinas Grandes in the northwest of the province, as is done there because of the poor soil quality no agriculture. The Sierras de Córdoba are outside the tourist zones still largely in a natural state. Both in the plains and in the mountains dominate low trees and thorn bushes.
Of wildlife can be found wild cats such as the puma, mountain cat and the rare Yaguarete, a kind of jaguar. In the south there are also deer. The best-known bird is the Andean condor, which occurs in the Sierras Grandes and Sierras de Comechingones.
Nature Reserves
There is a single national park in the province, the National Park Quebrada del Condorito, which lies in the Sierras Grandes and the environment of a ravine protects nesting in the particularly large number of condors. Significant conservation areas under the administration of the province are the natural reserve of the Río Dulce and swamps around Lake Mar Chiquita the same name, as well as the nature reserve Salinas Grandes in the northwest to salt pans the same name. Furthermore, there are numerous smaller nature reserves in the Sierras de Córdoba.
Population
With about 3.2 million inhabitants ( 2008), the province's second most populous after Argentina 's Buenos Aires province.
The population of the province is mainly composed of the descendants of immigrants ( Spaniards, Italians, Syrians, Lebanese, Armenian and German ) as well as from immigrant Argentines from the northern provinces. About ten percent are foreigners, mainly from Bolivia and Peru. There are also numerous foreigners from Europe who moved to the province because of the nature ( migrantes ambien tales ).
The natives ( Comechingones in the west and in the east Sanavirones ) were sedentary and served a relatively sophisticated technology. They were deported during the colonial period, however, and then wiped so that only a few local terms could save the modern era. The few survivors mingled by Mestizisierung with the immigrants.
The population increased by 10.3 percent between 1991 and 2001, according to the census INDEC slightly below the national average ( 10.5%). It should be noted that the tourist-oriented areas in the Sierras de Córdoba grow significantly faster than the regions to the east of the province. Growth between 2008 2001 and the census was 4.9 percent.
The population distribution is uneven. Thus one finds in the Greater Córdoba and the Eastern Sierras population densities of more than 100 inhabitants per square kilometer, while it is on the high plains of the Sierras and some areas in the west and north-west is less than 1. In the east of the province, the rate is quite balanced with about 10.
Major cities
In Greater Córdoba lives of 1.8 million people, more than half the population of the province. In addition, there are many small and medium-sized cities, which are located mainly in the eastern regions, where the population density is distributed apart from the Greater Córdoba is highest and relatively uniform. In it, about another third of the population. Large parts of the west of the province, however, are almost uninhabited.
In addition to Córdoba as administrative and industrial center are Río Cuarto ( agricultural and chemical industry ), Villa María ( food industry), San Francisco ( commercial center ), Villa Carlos Paz ( tourism) and Río Tercero ( chemical and military industry ), the largest cities in the province. Although much smaller, so the city Arroyito has special significance as the seat of the largest group of the province, Arcor. Villa General Belgrano is considered the center of colonization by German and is now as important tourist resort.
Cities with more than 10,000 inhabitants
Population in brackets ( Census 2008):
1 Córdoba ( 1301572 ) 2 Río Cuarto ( 155 911 ) 3 Villa María ( 75 551 ) 4 San Francisco ( 61 260 ) 5 Villa Carlos Paz ( 56 970 ) 6 Alta Gracia ( 46 923 ) 7 Río Tercero ( 46 167 ) 8 Bellville ( 33 281 ) 9 Villa Dolores ( 31 193 ) 10 Jesús María ( 30 727 ) Cruz del Eje 11 ( 30 586 ) 12 La Calera ( 30,339 ) 13 Villa Allende ( 27 164 ) 14 Marcos Juárez ( 26,452 ) 15 Déan Funes ( 21,561 ) 16 Arroyito ( 21,422 ) 17 Laboulaye ( 20 514 ) 18 Cosquín ( 19,965 ) 19 Río Segundo ( 19 559 ) 20 Colonia Caroya ( 19,272 ) 21 Río Ceballos ( 18,939 ) 22 Villanueva ( 18,268 ) 23 Morteros ( 16,723 )
24 Unquillo ( 16 714 ) 25 Las Varillas ( 16,124 ) 26 La Falda ( 15,022 ) 27 Villa del Rosario ( 14,970 ) 28 Pilar ( 13,608 ) 29 Oncativo ( 12,655 ) 30 La Carlota ( 12,542 ) 31 Malvinas Argentinas ( 12,484 ) 32 malagueño ( 12,461 ) 33 Oliva ( 12,156 ) 34 Santa Rosa de Calamuchita ( 12,041 ) 35th General Cabrera ( 11,321 ) 36 Almafuerte ( 11,265 ) 37 Hernando ( 10,875 ) 38 Leones ( 10,596 ) 39 Vicuña Mackenna ( 10,412 ) 40 Saldán ( 10,402 ) 41 Estación Juárez Celman ( 10,370 ) 42 Corral de Bustos ( 10,334 ) 43 Capilla del Monte ( 10,331 ) 44th General Deheza ( 10,163 ) 45 Brinkmann ( 10,049 ) 46th Monte Cristo ( 10,014 )
Economy
Industries
The economy of the province is based on several pillars. In the cities you will find a lot of industry ( automotive and aircraft industry, engineering, cement, chemicals, electronics and software in Cordoba, agricultural and chemical industries in Río Cuarto and Villa María ), and on the plains to the east and south is successfully land and livestock operated. In the field of energy, the province of Cordoba is one of the leaders of Argentina, with several reservoirs and the largest nuclear power plant in the country in Embalse, which is, however, notorious for several incidents.
Tourism
Tourism plays a major role in the province. The Sierras de Córdoba are after the Argentine Atlantic coast, the second most popular tourist area in Argentina, with about three million visitors per year. Main tourist centers are adjacent to the provincial capital of Villa Carlos Paz, Cosquín, La Falda, Villa General Belgrano and Mina Clavero, where you can swim in crystal-clear rivers, hiking and can fulfill several sporting activities. Another tourist center is the Laguna Mar Chiquita in the northeast of the province.
Economic situation
The province is in the gross national product per capita at an average level in Argentina, the distribution of national income between the different layers is relatively balanced; Therefore, the poverty rate and the so-called misery rate are (a lower poverty rate, which is applied in Argentina and the population with particularly lower income referred ) lower than the national average.
Generally speaking, there is a northwest-southeast gradient, with the south-east ( to Río Cuarto ) is the richest, while in the north- west, the poverty rate is well above the average. More affluent islands are located in the Sierras, especially in successful tourism places, to their ancestral population to urban refugees have joined from the upper income classes.
Transport and Infrastructure
The province is a good infrastructure in almost all regions, exceptions are parts of the Sierras de Córdoba and the extreme northwest.
An international airport there in Córdoba itself, the Aeropuerto Internacional Ingeniero Taravella, also known under the name Pajas Blancas. Other airfields are located in Río Cuarto, Villa Maria, Villa Dolores and La Cumbre, but they do not have regular scheduled flights.
The road network is star-shaped geared towards the capital of Córdoba. Motorways and expressways are similar between Córdoba and Villa Carlos Paz and between Córdoba and Villa María (some still under construction, planned connection to Rosario ). Under construction is the Córdoba - Jesús María. Are planned Río Cuarto - Las Higueras, Córdoba - San Francisco, Córdoba - Río Cuarto and the expansion of the southern east- west connection Ruta Nacional 7 ( Buenos Aires - Mendoza). Further noteworthy is the only completed in the 1990s Ruta Nacional 20 between Villa Carlos Paz and Mina Clavero, called Camino de las Altas Cumbres, which leads on up to 2,000 meters high plateau in the Sierras Grandes.
Also, the rail network is focused on the provincial capital, since the beginning of the 1990s, it is but in a very bad condition. There are only two of a passenger train traveled routes ( Cordoba - Villa María - Rosario - Buenos Aires and Córdoba - Cosquín ).
Administrative divisions
The Córdoba province is divided 26 departments, which in turn are in municipios ( larger municipalities over 2,000 inhabitants) and Comunas divided ( smaller communities ). The municipios is facing a Intendente, while it is a Jefe Comunal at the Comunas. City rights may apply for a community, according to the provincial constitution, if it has more than 10,000 inhabitants.
*) The department Capital has only one municipality, the city of Córdoba itself Some remote areas of the metropolitan area but are not counted in the censuses of the INDEC the city itself, even if they are subject to the same community, therefore the difference in the number of inhabitants.
Data: statistical office INDEC
Policy
In the province, there are in fact since 2003, a three-party system from PJ, UCR and the regional party Partido Nuevo.
Córdoba was traditionally dominated in the 20th century by the party Unión Cívica Radical ( UCR). Since the late 1990s, however, has occurred in particular because of corruption scandals in this party a change; the current governor since 2007, Juan Schiaretti, as well as its predecessor José Manuel de la Sota (1999 - 2007) belong to the Partido Justicialista (PJ, also called " Peronist Party"), which now holds the majority in the provincial legislature Legislatura Provincial. UCR and PJ, which has been trading in this province as Unión Por Córdoba ( UPC) dominate unchallenged in the interior, the UCR provides most of the mayors in smaller towns.
(: - New party against corruption Partido Nuevo Contra la corrupción officially ) not founded until 2003, after the Argentine crisis, the third major player, the Partido Nuevo was. It sees itself since the UCR decline in the province of politics as the first opposition force to Peronism works at the national level, however, with it partially together. The party has an electoral potential of about 30 percent, where she is most popular in the capital of Córdoba, where since 2003 the Mayor ( 2003-2007 Luis Juez, the founder of the party, from the end of 2007 Daniel Giacomino ) provides. Also, in most areas around the capital was the most powerful force PN 2007. At the time, it aims to draw up a national party Front ( Frente first as Nuevo, since mid-2007 Frente Civico ) that cooperates with others, with the center-left forces Afirmación para una República Igualitaria (ARI ) and Partido Socialista.