Fulda (river)

The catchment area of Fulda (highlighted)

The Fulda in the upper reaches also called Gersfelder water is 220.7 km long left source river of the Weser. It rises in the Hessian part of the Rhön at Wasserkuppe and ends between Kaufunger forest and Reinhard Forest in the City of Three Rivers Hann. Munden ( Lower Saxony), where it unites with the coming of the right to Werra river Weser.

Although the 6947 km ² catchment area draining Fulda is the shorter of the two source rivers Weser, leads at the confluence but a little more water. Of these, in turn, derives about half of the Earth, the flowing into it only in the lower reaches.

The Fulda in Hesse is within the river with the greatest flow length.

3.1 navigation locks

4.1 Origin of the name
4.2 Small Fulda
4.3 Weser stones

River

Source

The two sources of Fulda, the altitude of around 850 m. NHN about 600 m and 1,200 m southeast of the water dome summit ( 950.2 m) are, located between Poppenhausen - Abtsroda and Gersfeld -Oberhausen.

The geo- coordinates of the Fulda resources are:

Northwestern Fuldaquelle: 50 ° 29 ' 40 "N, 9 ° 56 ' 42" O50.4944444444449.945
Southeastern Fuldaquelle: 50 ° 29 ' 31 " N, 9 ° 57' 12" O50.4919444444449.9533333333333

To reach the Fulda resources about the country road 3068, the B crosses at Hilders - Dietges 458 and as part of the Hochrhön ring in the south via Abtsroda leads past the Fulda resources to Oberhausen to B 284.

The eastern, beautiful framed source shown in the image is not the true source of Fulda. This is much higher, almost below the summit. When they started with its development over 80 years ago, we took them on and using them for the drinking water supply of the building. The overflow was passed by pipeline to the site which is now printed as Fuldaquelle.

On the panel on the water dome is the following poem:

Here hold snap! Refreshes the source you of Fulda, which with clear wave the Berggruß rushing carries accompanied it grows to Werra attracted the German electricity and lowers the waves as ship Weser revived into the sea.

Headwaters

From the Wasserkuppe the Fulda flows first in a southerly direction past the Feldberg to Gersfeld and has up there after only about 6 km of river length overcome already 368 m height difference. From there it flows a few kilometers west to oak cellular, bends there to the north and thereafter reaches to 275 meters above sea level, the city of Fulda.

Middle reaches

Left Hand of Fulda is located here in the Vogelsberg and right hand Kuppenrhön. A little further north they reached the small town Lüdermünd (district Fulda ), where the Lueder opens, then the city slot where it will flow to the slot, followed by the city Niederaula ( district Niederjossa ), where the Jossa joins and even further north of Bad Hersfeld where you accrue the Haune, the Geisbach and Solz.

After the Fulda is flowed through between Knüllgebirge and Seulingswald, joins from the left of Rohrbach. Then the Fulda reached Bebra and Rotenburg ad Fulda times the village field where you accrue the Beise. In the upper Melsungen Pfieffe in Melsungen the Kehrenbach opens. Then you flow the Mülmisch to easily south of Körle.

The Fulda knee is a bend in the river near the town of Bebra. Between the Knüllgebirge and the Seulingswald to the northeast flowing, the river makes a bend before the Stölzinger Mountains in northwestern direction.

Underflow

After flowing through two flow loops at Guxhagen opens in Grifte, a district of Edermünde, from the west, take the Eder, Fulda and the largest water management even surpassing a tributary. A little further north flow in Kassel, among other Drusel ( Small Fulda), ancestor, Wahle, Losse and sneezed.

From Kassel to Fulda flows apart from a loop of the river as a border to southern Lower Saxony by a narrow and often quite strong spiral transverse valley, where their flow to the aspen at the Fulda valley - Simmershausen.

Mouth

About 32 km downstream from Kassel or further northeast of Fulda, the water finally reaches the location in southern Lower Saxony Hann. Munden, where it joins to 116.5 m height with the Werra to the Weser.

Scene below Kassel in July with meadowsweet and reed canary grass in the foreground

Width Fulda below Kassel in November

Landscape

Overview: The Fulda runs almost along its entire route in the more or less deeply of her washed- Fulda valley in which they mainly fights his way through the sandstone. This valley, towering on both sides mostly vast forests and some high mountains, actually opens only in the large Kassel basin.

Headwaters: In its most precipitous upper reaches of the valley width is sometimes only a few meters up to 250 meters and later up to 500 m. With oak or cell Fulda the valley widens a little to get back after squeezing between the slopes.

Middle course: To Bad Hersfeld and Bebra the valley most 1.3 km wide and at Guxhagen is again just a few hundred meters.

Underflow: Only at the confluence of the Eder, but especially near Kassel in the area of Charles and Fuldaaue flows through the Fulda in their river valley up to 3 km wide level. After this big city forces its way to Hann. Munden again. Through a narrow valley, which is often only a few hundred meters wide

Waterway

Landgrave Moritz of Hesse left the Fulda in 1601 and 1602 to make navigable Hersfeld (still exists in Rotenburg an airlock from this period ). To this end, he let make in advance of the " Fulda- power map " of Joist Moers. In Melsungen lived in 1805 fifty Schiffer families. On the Bad Hersfeld town cemetery still remembers a grave stone of a Schiffer family at this time. The Fulda shipping but came back in 1849 to a standstill, as the Kassel- Bebra railway was built.

The Fulda was regulated in 1890 by the construction of dams; so arose between Bebra and Kassel 5 and between Kassel and Hann. Munden 8 barrages with so-called needle weirs, their dilapidated housing and dangerous operation manner required since the 1970s a renewal. A few barrages were completely demolished and others have been restored or built from scratch, so that today there are in Fulda underflow from Kassel only 5 barrages: Kassel, Wahnhausen, Wilhelmshausen, Bonaforth and Hann. Munden. The highest of which is not far from Kassel - downstream - at Wahnhausen (built until 1980 ): It has 8.48 m drop height. The two -span continuous rolling weir in Kassel ( 1912) was restored from 1991 to 1993. This allows the Fulda from Kassel to Hann. Munden be used as a waterway: In summer there run some motor vessels ( excursion traffic ), rowing, paddle boats and pleasure boats. The Kassel city gate from 1913 is again restored in 2012/13.

32 km stretch of river from the confluence with the River Werra above Kassel among the non-classified federal waterways that serve the general traffic, with the remaining 77 km to Mecklar serve as other inland waterways of the covenant. Responsible for this is the Water and Shipping Authority Hann. Munden. The chainage of Fulda begins at the weir in Mecklar at kilometer 0 and ends at the confluence with the River Werra at 108.78 km.

Beginning of the 20th century should be the Fulda be part of a gigantic canal system. Thus, the construction of a waterway from the North or Baltic Sea to the Black Sea ( on the Weser, Fulda, Kinzig, Main and Danube ) was planned. In some cases up to 8 km long tunnels were provided for the crossing under the central mountain ranges. In Bergshausen ( about 10 km southeast of Kassel) was even started the construction of a dam. The late 1920s, any work and planning have been set.

Navigation locks

The ship locks of Fulda (see also above section waterway ) are ( downriver considered ):

History

Origin of the name

The origin of the name Fulda is still unclear. There is this, however, some assumptions (see Fulda, section name origin).

Small Fulda

In Kassel city still exists today, the Small Fulda, the lower reaches of the Drusel. The name comes from the historical development of Karlsaue when it was still bathed in the context of an inland delta on both sides of the river Fulda. The western branch of the river was called Little Fulda. With the further development and design of the parks in the Middle Ages, this arm was partially filled in and created the kitchen digging in the former riverbed of the Little Fulda, a very elongated, still existing pond. The northern end of the arm is still - channeled - as a Drusel underflow and bears the name Small Fulda.

The confluence of the Fulda and Werra- arm in Hann. Munden on Sydekumturm, which flows into the Werra and after about 200 meters, is also referred to as Small Fulda.

Weser stones

At the confluence of the Fulda and Werra, by the in Hann. Munden the Weser arises, since 1899, the old Weser stone with the inscription:

Where Werra and Fulda kiss You have to pay for their names, And here is created by this kiss German to the sea of the Weser river.

Next to it stands since 2000, the new Weserstein whose inscription tells stories ironically humorous about Fulda, Werra and Weser.

Water management

With an outflow of about 67 m³ / s annual mean the Fulda may have a higher runoff than the Werra, which is longer and was no distinction in the first millennium of the Weser. Similar to the Aare, which may have more water than the Rhine after consumption of Reuss and Limmat on their last kilometers of river, the Fulda grows only by the shorter, but much more water leading Eder sharply, while the largest on the part of their river course among the dimensions of the ever-growing Werra remains. On Grebe Auer level, just above the mouth Eder, the outflow of the year 26.5 m³ / s

The operation of the Eder Dam attenuates the flood of Fulda. Their destruction in World War II caused by far the largest flood on the Fulda. At the level of the outflow Guntershausen on 1 May 1943, 2800 m³ / s is estimated. The next two smaller values of 980 (9 February 1946) and 968 m³ / s (1 January 1926) are also back several decades. The fourth highest runoff value was reached with s 747 m³ / January 24, 1995.

Inflows

The most important tributaries of the Fulda are:

For a better overview and sorting downstream each a hyphen is per running waters in the DGKZ - digit after the number " 42 " which stands for the Fulda inserted. The " Fulda- km " are calculated from the difference of 220.7 km total length for each readable on WFD mouth distance.

* Catchment area and runoff are slightly larger than the entry in the table, since the lower reaches with Fulda- sections are combined!

In particular, it is clear from the table that the Eder at the confluence of the Fulda with 176.1 km compared with 175.3 km is almost longer than this. Moreover, since the catchment area of the Eder with 3360.966 km ² 2996.704 km ², including the Fulda before the confluence, exceeds and the discharge rate of the Eder until there is greater ( MQ: 34 791 l / s compared to 27,018 l / s), so you would have to look at the historically as a " tributary " summed up Eder at least as an equal of the main river Fulda system.

Towns

Downstream sorted

Gersfeld -Oberhausen
Gersfeld
Ebersburg - Schmalnau
Ebersburg -Ried
Oak cell
Fulda Bronnzell
Fulda- carbon house
Fulda
Fulda Horas
Fulda Gläserzell
Fulda Kämmerzell
Fulda Lüdermünd
Slot

Niederaula
Kerspenhausen
Bad Hersfeld
Mecklar (municipality Gemarkungsgrenze to Bebra - Blankenheim, from here federal waterway = river kilometer 0)
Blankenheim ( 2.0 km )
Breitenbach ( 5.8 km )
Bebra (km 7.0)
Lispenhausen (km 10.0)

Rotenburg A.D. Fulda ( 12.0 km ) with barrage, river power station and historic sluice
Braach ( 15.0 km )
Baumbach ( 18.0 km )
Lower Ellenbach ( 21.5 km )
Konnefeld ( 24.0 km )
Decayed ( 26.8 km )
Binsförth ( 30.0 km )
Beiseförth ( 34.0 km )
Times field (km 36.5 )
Melsungen ( 42.0 km )
Black Mountain ( 45.0 km )
Tube Furth ( 46.6 km )
Lobenhausen ( 50.0 km )
Körle ( 51.0 km )
Wagenfurth ( 52.0 km )
Grebenau ( 54.0 km )
Büchenwerra ( 58.4 km )
Guxhagen ( 61.0 km )

Guntershausen ( 66.0 km )
Fuldabrueck ( 69.0 km )
Bergshausen ( 74.0 km )
Kassel ( 81.0 km ) with harbor, weir and lock
Spieker Hausen ( 88.5 km )
Wahnhausen (km 94.7 ) with barrage, river plant and sluice
Speele ( 97.5 km )
Wilhelmshausen (km 101.2 ) with barrage and sluice
Bonaforth (km 105.3 ) with barrage and sluice
Hann. Munden (km 108.2 ) with harbor, Weir, River power plant and sluice
Weserstein (km 108.7 )

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