National Assembly (Hungary)
The Hungarian Parliament (Hungarian Országgyűlés ) is a unicameral parliament based in Budapest. It consists of 386 members and is elected every four years by direct popular vote. The Reichstag meets since 1902 in the Hungarian Parliament building.
Electoral system
The voters have two votes: one for a direct candidates in 176 single-member constituencies and one for regional lists in different sizes of multi- mandate constituencies ( 4-28 seats, 152 seats together ). It seats are awarded for full Droopquoten; remaining seats will go to the lists with the most residual votes as long as they make up more than two-thirds of a quota; otherwise go to these seats, the quota for national lists consisting of a base block of 58 seats.
In the single-seat constituencies, the absolute majority of the valid votes cast is required; otherwise there is a runoff election to qualify the all candidates with at least 15 % of the valid votes, but at least the 3 strongest candidates. Candidates may choose not to participate, however, in order to increase the chances of another.
The distribution to national lists are due to residual votes to D' Hondt. Surplus votes are firstly the votes that have been cast in the single-seat constituencies in the first ballot to candidates who are connected to a national list and have received no mandate, on the other hand, the remaining residual votes in the distribution to the regional lists. The latter are negative when a radical mandate for less than a full quota has been allocated.
On the distribution of seats outside the One constituencies shall participate only lists that have achieved more than 5 % of the valid votes nationwide regional list. Common or linked lists of two parties must reach 10%, lists several parties is 15%. In calculating the ratio in the multi- mandate constituencies, these lists are not excluded, so regularly incurred some residual mandates.
If the turnout was not larger than 50 % in the first ballot, the result is invalid and there is a second ballot shall be held. In the single-seat constituencies then eliminates the runoff. In the second ballot, a turnout of more than 25% is necessary. Otherwise, there are in the single-seat constituencies a by-election and no residual votes; the mandates of the regional constituencies are then transferred to the national quota and the votes from the first ballot counted as surplus votes.
The remaining votes system leads to a very limited relationship compensation. Votes to a successful direct candidates have a much higher success value as votes to losing candidates, which nonetheless remained not completely ignored. The value of the remaining votes from the regional constituencies depends in a complex manner by the election results, but tends to be lower than that of the directly recycled voices. Overall, it is an electoral system strongly preferred the (local) larger parties; however, it is clear from a pure majority voting.
Composition from 2010
After the elections in April 2010 were four parties in fraction strength in the House it came up the Independent Oszkár Molnár, had renounced in favor of whom the Jobbik candidate to participate in the second ballot:
This had the right-wing Fidesz a two-thirds majority in the House. 29 May 2010 Viktor Orbán was sworn in as the new Prime Minister.
In 2011, the Democratic coalition split by the former Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány on the MSZP. However, the 10 members of the new party did not receive a fraction status.
Composition 2006-2010
After the elections in 2006 were four parties in fraction strength in the House of Representatives:
- The Hungarian Socialist Party ( MSZP ) with 186 seats,
- The coalition party of the Alliance of Free Democrats ( SZDSZ ) with 18 seats,
- The Alliance of Young Democrats ( Fidesz ) with 164 seats,
- The Hungarian Democratic Forum (MDF ) with 11 seats.
In addition there were 6 of MSZP and SZDSZ MPs common. There was also a Independent Members of the Somogy County.
Coalition leader was the then Prime Minister of Hungary, Ferenc Gyurcsány of the MSZP. The party was with the SZDSZ in the coalition, while the Fidesz and MDF were in opposition.