Bundesautobahn 20
Template: Infobox trunk road / Maintenance / DE -A
State:
- Lower Saxony (planned)
- Schleswig-Holstein
- Mecklenburg -Western Pomerania
- Brandenburg
- In construction
- In planning
- Traffic control system
The Federal Highway 20 (abbreviated as BAB 20) - Short Form: Highway 20 ( Abbreviation: A 20), also called the " Baltic Sea motorway " or " Coastal Highway " - is a highway in northern Germany.
The Highway 20 has been built since 1992 and expanded. As Project 10 it was one of the German transport projects unit and provided a better interconnection of the Baltic coastal region and large areas of Mecklenburg- Vorpommern on the West German and European transport network. You should also relieve the federal highways 96, 104 and 105. The 1992 forecast for 2010 average daily traffic (ADT ) did not occur at a distance; she was on the Lübeck -Wismar section approx. 28,000 (instead of 40,000 predicted ) motor vehicles, on the Wismar section A19 near Rostock rd. 30,000 (instead of 60,000 ), motor vehicles and behind it falls to less than 12,000 vehicles from.
The A 20 is still the longest continuous construction of a highway since 1945 and replaced the A 61 as the longest " two-digit " highway from Germany.
- 2.1 North West bypass Hamburg
- 2.2 Extension in Lower Saxony to the A 28 2.2.1 discussion
- 3.1 Archaeological route survey
- 4.1 Baupannen
Course
The Federal Highway 20 leads since December 2009, all the way from Bad Segeberg beyond the immediate hinterland of the Baltic coast of Mecklenburg -Vorpommern to the motorway junction Kreuz Uckermark on the A 11 where it then passes into the B 166 in the direction of Schwedt / Oder.
From Lübeck to Rostock Greifswald the A 20 runs in an easterly direction from here south towards Neubrandenburg, then further south east to Pasewalk and from there south to the Cross Uckermark. At the motorway junction developed junction Stralsund the newly built as four-lane dual carriageway B 96 opens a.
From the total distance are 279.6 km in Mecklenburg- Vorpommern, Brandenburg and 26.8 km 38.8 km in Schleswig -Holstein. Part of route 105 highway bridges, four motorway crosses and triangles, and 35 interchanges.
The airport Luebeck- Blankensee received in 2007 as part of the newly built national highway 207 directly own junction Lubeck -south.
Service areas
For the A - 20 section in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern five rest stops were planned, of which was opened in December 2012 just one. For the four remaining Although the infrastructural preparations were made, however, found themselves no investors who want to build there rest stops and open, can be used so that the areas so far only limited for lack of sanitary facilities as parking. Thus is located on the eastern approximately 240 kilometers no restaurant facilities right on the highway. Reason is, according to the Ministry of Transport the hesitant economic development of the region, the low volume of traffic and the high level of entrepreneurial risk involved. For the Schleswig-Holstein section of the A 20 is only one service station was planned.
Continued construction and planning
North West bypass Hamburg
A continuation of Schleswig-Holstein Bad Segeberg Bad Bramstedt to Hamburg Elbe crossing west across south through the northern Lower Saxony Weser Bremerhaven crossing is planned. The highway north of Hamburg gained a special significance as the Hamburg Nord ring. The A 20 is here in the future ( from east to west ), the A 1, A 21, connecting the A 7 and A 23 together.
Due to a Baupanne between cross Lübeck and Geschendorf (see below) delayed the release of this section until 28 July 2009. The section includes 20 bridges, including a controversial game bridge at Strukdorf, which consists of large reinforced concrete arches and is similar to a tunnel. The subsequent section to Weede was on 21 December 2009, six months earlier than planned, to traffic.
The zoning approval for the section including crossing the A 21 of Weede to Wittenborn took place on 30 April 2012. November 6, 2013, the Federal Administrative Court ruled that the zoning decision for this section is not enforceable. The court has found that planning contributes to the binding European legal requirements relating to the protection of Special Areas of Conservation " Segeberger limestone cave " and " Travetal " are not sufficiently addressed. Firstly, the method for making inventories of protected bats was deemed insufficient. Secondly, the alternative test has been criticized in terms of a southern route alternative. planning must be reworked accordingly. thus a delay of 2-3 years is connected.
For the remaining sections, including the Elbe crossing near Gluckstadt the formal line determination was made on 28 July 2005. They are currently in the planning approval. The largest structure of this route is to be the tunneling of the river Elbe at Gluckstadt. It is planned to build them from private investors come to be funded through toll revenue, but still no investor has found. Planned are two approximately 5,200 -meter two-lane tubes with almost twelve meters inside diameter.
In the area of Lower Saxony, the A is to be connected 20 about the planned triangle Drochtersen with the A 26 towards Stade and Hamburg. To the south west original plans, should the planned A further lead 22. The planned route is now but also be part of the A 20.
Extension in Lower Saxony to the A 28
The originally planned extension of the Elbe south to the A 1 in Sittingbourne is ( " Coastal Highway " ) has been set aside in favor of the planned first as A 22 route to the west. On 25 June 2010 it was announced that this track will also be realized as part of the A20. This should be clear that the coastal highway prolong the Baltic Sea motorway.
This section begins at the motorway junction Drochtersen also planned with the A 26 and bypasses Engelschoff southeast. Furthermore, extending the highway north west gates of heaven, north and east Oldendorf Estorf. Subsequently, the Oste north of Nieder- Ochtenhausen is bridged, Bremervörde is northwest bypass, Hipstedt is touched in the southeast and on the northern edge of Lunestedt the route will turn west. In addition, the route is north of the railway route Bremen - Bremerhaven extend in the south-east, then north to bypass Loxstedt almost in a semicircle. At the triangle Bremerhaven -South highway is open into the A27, follow these seven kilometers to the triangle Stotel and then run in a westerly direction through the existing Wesertunnel the federal highway 437. After that A is further extending 20 to the southeast, the welding west and east bypass Neustadt and the A 29 crossing in an arc to the southeast Jäderberg around with a crossing of the Jade at Jade on the cross Jäderberg. From there, the highway is northward through the penetration Burger Moor, before it is finally result in Westerstede in the A 28.
This course was first apparent from the published on 18 October 2007 documents for area management and regional planning was recorded on February 2009. In the regional planning process construction costs were called to 1.1 billion euros.
On 27 February 2012, the Lower Saxony Prime Minister David McAllister stated that he had reached agreement with the Federal Ministry of Transport it to begin in late 2013 with the continued construction of the highway in Lower Saxony region, initially between Bremervörde and Elm. The plan approval procedure for the section Westerstede - Drochtersen was initiated on September 28, 2012. The question of the financing of the Elbe tunnel is still open.
Discussion
The construction of the coastal highway was required in particular to the ( port ) economy in northwestern Germany, not least because of the expected additional traffic through the construction of JadeWeserPort in Wilhelmshaven. The highway would create especially a shorter route between the Netherlands and the Ruhr area and 60 km past Hamburg ( and continue to Scandinavia and Eastern Europe) and the A 1 should relieve by two percent. As the federal government did not want to finance the planning, were in 2006 - especially from companies in the region - collected more than 750,000 € donations in order to participate in the necessary planning costs, so that they could begin immediately. This third of the pre-planning costs was declared as private donations, although many of the large donations from associations, utilities, financial institutions and other " semi-public " companies came. For the current planning state budget over 40 million euros are provided in Lower Saxony.
There was considerable resistance among the population affected along the proposed routes. A broad coalition of citizens' groups, environmental and transport associations opposes associated with the construction of landscape destruction, questioned the economics of the project to ( benefit-cost ratio according to the Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan: 1.9; according to documents regional planning process to 4.2 ) and saw a wide range of local jobs at risk. The alliance called for as an alternative to the expansion of the railway network to move even more traffic from road to rail can.
After the name of "A 22" was in "A 20" changed, has launched the " A22- NEVER" pointed out that the state government so that " an oath stores. [ ... ] Obviously, the previously advocated the promotion of regional economic analysis was not appropriate. By agreeing to rename also makes the federal government shows that the A 22/20 is intended to serve primarily the international transit. "
Numbering of interchanges
The numbering of the connection points, the route west of the A 1 lying was not considered. Therefore, a new numbering of interchanges is may be necessary after completion of the entire route. Why was this not a part number field, such as the numbers 1 to 30, kept, is unclear.
History
Archaeological route survey
Before the construction, the entire route was investigated by the State Archaeological Offices. As a basis for investigations, a new three-step procedure was developed. In the first phase, the determination of the existing pipeline route in the Monument portfolio is, based on archival documents and analysis of aerial photographs. In addition, an inspection was carried out and searched the arable surface. It was found that very few of the existing route in the area monuments were known before. About 90 km long section between Schoenberg and Rostock 161 find spots were determined, for example, of which only nine were known before. The number of identified in section route ground monuments is 594, of which 495 are located in Mecklenburg- Vorpommern, Brandenburg 29 in and 70 in Schleswig -Holstein. Before them were only about 100 known.
With complete the exploration and evaluation of the soil report only quantitative information on the find site inventory were possible. As in the selection of excavation objects of the history of science added value was to assess the find spots were subjected to a preliminary investigation. For this purpose, two meters wide, usually 50-100 m long search sections were created that showed whether the state of the Fund square justified further investigation.
A total of 20 A were examined about 430 ground monuments between 1994 and 2004 in the course, with 138 find spots were uncovered surface. Their temporal depth includes more than 11,000 years. Very wide is the spectrum of findings genres. In addition to settlements that make up the majority, a complete Slavic castle with associated Vorburgsiedlung, grave systems of different types, sacrificial sites, production facilities, routes guides, a military storage and seasonal work places could be documented. Many excavations are of paramount national historical or national importance. Examples of the success of the studies are the discovery of the hearth place of Jarman, of the hearth place of Triwalk and the find of the Feuersteinbeils of Wodarg.
Construction work
The groundbreaking ceremony for this highway was carried out in 1992 by the then Federal Minister for Transport, Günther Krause, at the junction Wismar Center. Therefore, this highway was temporarily called " Krause highway ". Part of the project was by investment measure law, without planning approval process, approved.
Main focus was first placed on cuts in their environment -roads and through towns were particularly stressed. So the 18- kilometer section between Greve mills and Wismar Center and since the end of 2000, the entire 91.1 km long section between Schoenberg Wismar was navigable to Rostock since November 1997. One year later, the release of the routes between the interchange Lübeck and Genin and between the cross Uckermark and the connection Pasewalk - North, which already to Neubrandenburg -Nord was passable since 2002. On 7 December 2005, Chancellor Angela Merkel opened after 14 years of planning and construction of the last cuts at Tribsees and Greifswald in Mecklenburg- Vorpommern. Construction costs totaled € 1.9 billion.
As the ARD TV magazine Panorama reported in 1998, were citizens initiatives that have fought for the A 20, also sponsored by the Society for the Promotion of environmentally sound road and traffic planning, a lobby group the road construction industry.
Baupannen
The approximately 14 -kilometer section between Schoenberg in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Schleswig-Holstein limit has been known for a series of mishaps. The mid-December 2004 shared leg with a concrete ceiling, roughened with a " broom finish transverse" - since about 1990 in the highway construction as outdated claims and dubbed by the media as " howler concrete " - resulted due to increased tire-road noise to a half kilometer distance a road traffic noise with a sound pressure level exceeding 100 decibels, instead of the permitted 80 decibels. Therefore, to technical or structural solution to the problem, the speed limit to 100 km / h was limited. In August 2005, the concrete was coated with an asphalt surface. The work about 300 vehicles were damaged by the rain geratenen on the road bitumen binder. In the very hot month of July 2006, the new pavement for the first time threw up to 30 centimeters large bubbles, which were attributed to water inclusions between concrete and asphalt and eliminated by drilling. Was also in the following years and, at high temperatures the formation of bubbles in the asphalt. A final remedy is not yet in sight.
Similar problems were gearing up for the now released subject section of the highway junction Lubeck to Geschendorf. Here, scheduled for July 6, 2009 was delayed because many showed two to three inches high asphalt bubbles on the entire section. The bubbles are after they have been chiseled be flat driven by motorists. For motorcyclists, why was a speed limit of 120 km / h
Ecological compensatory measures
Between Franzburg and Richtenberg since 2006 by re - impoundment of Richtenberger lake, which was provided as ecological compensation measure for the environmental damage incurred during the construction of the highway was built.