List of state leaders in 1655

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Africa

• Ethiopia Kaiser ( Negus Nagast ): Fasilides ( 1632-1667 )

• Bamum ( in present-day Cameroon) King: Ngouloure (1629-1672)

• Bornu ( in present-day Niger) Sefuwa Dynasty King / May: Ali II (1639-1677)

• Dahomey King: Houegbadja (1645-1685)

• Jolof ( in present-day Senegal) Buur -ba Jolof: Birayma Mba (1649-1670)

• Kano King: Muhammad Kukuna (1651-1652, 1652-1660)

• Congo Mani Congo: Garcia II (1642-1661)

• Morocco Saadian Sultan Ahmad III. al - Abbas (1654-1659)

• Sultan Moulay Muhammad al-Sharif (1635-1664)

• Munhumutapa Empire Ruler: Siti Kazurukamusapa (1652-1663)

• Rwanda King: Kigeri II (1648-1672)

• Sultanate of Sennar ( in modern Sudan ) Sultan: Badi II ( 1644/45-1681 )

America

• Brazil Governor General: Jerónimo de Ataíde (1654-1657)

• Viceroyalty of New Spain Viceroy Francisco Fernandez de la Cueva y Enríquez de Cabrera (1653-1660) (1667-1670 Viceroy of Sicily)

• Viceroyalty of Peru Viceroy: García Sarmiento de Sotomayor (1648-1655) (1642-1648 Viceroy of New Spain )
• Viceroy Luis Enríquez de Guzmán (1655-1661) (1650-1653 Viceroy of New Spain )

Asia

• Burma Arakan King: Sanda Thudhamma (1652-1674)

• King: Pindale (1648-1661)

• Brunei Sultan: Muhammad Ali (1652-1660)

• China ( Qing Dynasty ) Kaiser: Shunzhi (1644-1661) (1643-1661 Great Khan of the Manchu )

• Georgia Imereti King Alexander III. (1639-1660)

• King Rostom (1648-1656) (1634-1658 King of Kartli )

• King Rostom (1634-1658) (1648-1656 king of Kakheti )

• Prince Levan II Dadiani (1611-1657)

• India Ahom ( Assam ) King: Sutamla (1648-1663)

• Bijapur Sultan Mohammed Adil Shah (1627-1656)

• Sultan Abdullah Qutb Shah (1626-1672)

• Nayak: Thirumalai Nayak (1623-1659)

• Mughal emperor Shah Jahan (1627-1657)

• Maharaja: Narasaraja Wodeyar I (1638-1659)

• Viceroy: Brás de Castro (1653-1655)
• Viceroy: Rodrigo Lobo da Silveira (1655-1656)

• Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah III. (1623-1677)

• Governor General: Joan Maetsuycker (1653-1678) (1646-1660 Dutch Governor of Ceylon )

• Japan Emperor ( Tenno ): Go- Sai ( 1655-1663 )
• Shogun: Tokugawa Ietsuna (1651-1680)

• Cambodia King Chan (1642-1659)

• Kazakh Khanate Khan: Batyr (1652-1680)

• Korea ( Joseon Dynasty ) King: Hyojong (1649-1659)

• Lan Xang (now Laos) King: Sulingvongse (1638-1690)

• Nepal Bhaktapur King: Jagat Prakash Malla (1644-1673)

• King Pratap Malla (1641-1674)

• King Siddhi Narasimha (1620-1661)

• Persia ( Safavid dynasty ) Shah Abbas II (1642-1666)

• Philippines Maguindanao Sultan Muhammad Dipatuan Kudarat (1619-1671) (1645-1648 Sultan of Sulu )

• Sri Lanka Kandy King Rajasinha II (1629-1687)

• Governor Adriaan van der Meijden (1653-1660, 1661-1663)

• Governor Francisco de Melo e Castro (1653-1655) (1651-1652, 1656-1662 member of the Interim Governing Council of Portuguese India )
• Governor: António de Sousa Coutinho (1655-1656)

• Thailand ( Ayutthaya ) King Prasat Thong (1629-1656)

• Vietnam Cao Bằng (Mac Dynasty) Ruler: Mac Kinh Vũ (1638-1677)

• King: Lê Than Tông (1619-1643, 1649-1662)

• Ruler: Nguyễn Phúc Tan (1648-1687)

• Ruler: Trang Trinh (1623-1657)

Europe

• Andorra Co - Prince: King of France Louis XIV (1643-1715)
• Bishop of Urgell Joan Manuel de Espinosa (1655-1663)

• Denmark and Norway King Friedrich III. (1648-1670) (1634-1648 Administrator of Bremen, 1623-1629, 1634-1648 Administrator of Verden)

• Commonwealth of England (1649-1660) Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell (1649-1658)

• France King Louis XIV (1643-1715)

• Holy Roman Empire King and Emperor Ferdinand III. (1637-1657) (1637-1657 King of Bohemia, 1637-1657 Archduke of Austria, King of Hungary 1637-1657 )
• Electoral College Archbishopric of Cologne Elector Maximilian Henry of Bavaria (1650-1688) (1650-1688 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1650-1688 Bishop of Liege, 1683-1688 Bishop of Münster, 1650-1688 Provost of Berchtesgaden, in 1657 Abbot of Stavelot - Malmedy)

• Elector Johann Philipp von Schönborn (1647-1673) (1663-1673 Bishop of Worms, 1642-1673 Bishop of Würzburg)

• Elector Karl Kaspar von der Leyen (1652-1676)

• Elector Ferdinand Maria (1651-1679)

• Elector Ferdinand III. (1637-1657) (1637-1657 Emperor, 1637-1657 Archduke of Austria, King of Hungary 1637-1657 )

• Elector Friedrich Wilhelm (1640-1688) (1640-1688 duke of Prussia)

• Elector Karl Ludwig I. (1648-1680)

• Elector Johann Georg I (1611-1656)

• Bishopric of Augsburg Bishop Sigismund Francis of Austria (1646-1665) (1659-1665 Bishop of Trento )

• Bishop: Philipp Valentin Voit of Rieneck (1653-1672)

• Bishop Johann Franz von Schönau (1651-1656)

• Propst: Maximilian Henry of Bavaria (1650-1688) (1650-1688 Archbishop of Cologne, 1650-1688 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1650-1688 Bishop of Liege, 1683-1688 Bishop of Munster, in 1657 Abbot of Stavelot - Malmedy)

• Bishop Anton of Crosini (1647-1663)

• Archbishop: Gaspard Nemius van den Bosch ou Dubois (1649-1667)

• Bishop: John Flugi of Aspermont (1636-1661)

• Abbot Arnold de Valdois IV (1638-1661)

• High - and German masters: Leopold Wilhelm of Austria (1641-1662) (1631-1638 Archbishop of Magdeburg, 1628-1648 Bishop of Halberstadt, 1626-1662 Bishop of Passau, 1626-1662 Bishop of Strasbourg)

• Bishop Marquard II Schenk von Castell (1637-1685)

• Propst: Johann Rudolf von Rechenberg (1654-1660)

• Bishop: Albrecht Sigismund von Bayern (1651-1685) (1668-1685 Bishop of Regensburg )

• Abbot: Joachim Graf Gravenegg (1644-1671)

• Bishop Maximilian Henry of Bavaria (1650-1688) (1650-1688 Archbishop of Cologne, 1650-1688 Bishop of Liege, 1683-1688 Bishop of Münster, 1650-1688 Provost of Berchtesgaden, in 1657 Abbot of Stavelot - Malmedy)

• Abt: Roman Giel of Gielsberg (1639-1673)

• Bishop Franz Johann Vogt of Altensumerau and Prasberg (1645-1689)

• Administrator: Johann of Schleswig -Holstein - Gottorp (1634-1655)
• Administrator: Christian Albrecht of Schleswig -Holstein - Gottorp (1655-1666) (1659-1695 Duke of Schleswig -Holstein - Gottorp )

• Bishop Maximilian Henry of Bavaria (1650-1688) (1650-1688 Archbishop of Cologne, 1650-1688 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1683-1688 Bishop of Münster, 1650-1688 Provost of Berchtesgaden, in 1657 Abbot of Stavelot - Malmedy)

• Administrator: August of Saxe- Weissenfels (1638-1680)

• Bishop Christoph Bernhard von Galen (1650-1678) (1661-1678 Abbot of Corvey )

• Bishop Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg (1625-1661) (1631-1648 Bishop of Minden, 1649-1661 Bishop of Regensburg, 1630-1631 Bishop of Verden)

• Bishop: Adolf Dietrich von der Recke (1650-1661)

• Bishop Leopold Wilhelm of Austria (1626-1662) (1631-1638 Archbishop of Magdeburg, 1641-1662 Master of the Teutonic Order, 1628-1648 Bishop of Halberstadt, 1626-1662 Bishop of Strasbourg)

• Bishop Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg (1649-1661) (1631-1648 Bishop of Minden, 1625-1661 Bishop of Osnabrück, 1630-1631 Bishop of Verden)

• Archbishop: Guidobald of Thun (1654-1668) (1666-1668 Bishop of Regensburg )

• Bishop: Lothar Friedrich von Metternich - Burscheid (1652-1675) (1673-1675 Archbishop of Mainz, 1673-1675 Bishop of Worms)

• Abt: Wilhelm II of Bavaria (1650-1657)

• Bishop Leopold Wilhelm of Austria (1626-1662) (1631-1638 Archbishop of Magdeburg, 1641-1662 Master of the Teutonic Order, 1628-1648 Bishop of Halberstadt, 1626-1662 Bishop of Passau)

• Bishop: Carlo Emanuele Madruzzo (1629-1658)

• Bishop: Hugo Everhard Cratz of Scharfstein (1654-1663)

• Bishop Johann Philipp von Schönborn (1642-1673) (1647-1673 Archbishop of Mainz, 1663-1673 Bishop of Worms)

• Principality of Anhalt Anhalt- Bernburg Prince: Christian II (1630-1656)

• Prince John Casimir (1618-1660)

• Prince Wilhelm Ludwig (1650-1665) (1650-1659 under guardianship )
• Regent: Lebrecht of Anhalt- Plötzkau (1653-1659)
• Regent: Emanuel von Anhalt- Plötzkau (1653-1659)

• Prince: Lebrecht (1654-1665) (1665-1669 Prince of Anhalt - Köthen )
• Prince Emanuel (1654-1665) (1665-1670 Prince of Anhalt - Köthen )

• Prince: John VI. (1621-1667)

• Duke Philipp Franz (1640-1674) ( to 1644 Prince )

• Baden -Baden Margrave Wilhelm (1622-1677)

• Margrave Friedrich V (1622-1659)

• Margrave Albrecht II (1634-1667)

• Margrave Christian (1603-1655)
• Margrave Christian Ernst (1655-1712)

• Calenberg -Göttingen Duke: Georg Wilhelm (1648-1665) (1665-1705 Duke of Brunswick -Lüneburg )

• Duke Christian Ludwig (1648-1665) (1641-1648 Duke of Braunschweig- Calenberg- Göttingen)

• Duke: August II (1635-1666)

• Landgraf: George II (1626-1661)

• Landgrave Wilhelm VI. (1637-1663)

• Prince: Eitel Frederick II (1623-1661)

• Prince: Meinrad I. (1638-1681)

• Duke Philipp Wilhelm (1653-1679) (1685-1690 Elector Palatine, 1653-1690 Duke of Palatinate -Neuburg )

• Duke Maximilian Philipp Hieronymus (1650-1705)

• Prince Karl Eusebius (1627-1684)

• Mecklenburg- Güstrow Duke Gustav Adolf (1636-1695) (1636-1648 Administrator of Ratzeburg )

• Duke Adolf Friedrich I (1592-1628, 1631-1658) (1631-1648 Administrator of Schwerin )

• Ottonian line Nassau -Diez Prince Wilhelm Friedrich (1640-1664) ( to 1654 Count ) ( 1640-1664 governor of Friesland, Groningen and Drenthe)

• Prince Ludwig Heinrich (1623-1662) ( to 1654 Count )

• Prince Moritz Heinrich (1653-1679)

• Prince Johann Franz Desideratus (1638-1699) ( before 1652 Count )

• Prince Johann Moritz (1623-1679) ( before 1652 Count )
• Count Georg Friedrich (1623-1674) ( 1664, Prince )

• Archduke Ferdinand III. (1637-1657) (1637-1657 Emperor 1637-1657 King of Bohemia, King of Hungary 1637-1657 )

• Prince: Enno Ludwig (1648-1660) ( to 1654 Count )

• Duke Philipp Wilhelm (1653-1690) (1685-1690 Elector Palatine, 1653-1679 Duke of Jülich and Berg )

• Duke Leopold Ludwig (1634-1694)

• Duke Friedrich (1635-1661)

• Saxe-Altenburg Duke Friedrich Wilhelm II (1639-1669)

• Duke Ernst I. (1640-1672) (1672-1675 Duke of Saxe- Gotha -Altenburg )

• Duke Wilhelm IV (1620-1662)

• Duke: August (1619-1656)

• Duke Friedrich III. (1616-1659)

• Duke: Christian Adolf I ( 1653-1667/1702 ) ( 1667 Sonderburg loses to Denmark, 1676-1702 Duke of Schleswig -Holstein -Sonderburg -Franz Hagen)

• Duke Ernst Günther (1627-1689)

• Duke: August Philipp (1627-1675)

• Duke Philipp (1622-1663)

• Duke Friedrich (1624-1658)

• Duke Joachim Ernst (1622-1671)

• Duke Philipp Ludwig (1627-1689)

• Duke Eberhard III. (1628-1674)

• County of Hanau Count Friedrich Casimir (1642-1685) (1641-1642 Count of Hanau- Lichtenberg)

• Lippe- Biesterfeld Graf: Jobst Hermann (1627-1678)

• Count Otto (1621-1657)

• Count Hermann Adolf (1652-1665)

• Walramische line Nassau- Idstein Count Johann (1629-1677) (1627-1629 Count of Nassau -Saarbrücken -Weilburg )

• Count Johann Ludwig (1640-1659) (1659-1690 Count of Nassau - Ottweiler )
• Count Gustav Adolf (1640-1677)
• Graf: Walrad (1640-1659) (1659-1688 Count of Nassau - Usingen, 1688-1702 Prince of Nassau- Usingen )

• Graf Ernst Casimir (1632-1655) (1627-1632 Count of Nassau -Saarbrücken -Weilburg )
• Count Friedrich (1655-1675)

• Count Anton Günther (1603-1667)

• Count Friedrich Casimir (1627-1658)

• Reuss elder branch Reuss- Obergreiz Lord Henry I (1629-1681) (from 1673 Count )

• Lord Henry V (1604-1616, 1625-1667) (1616-1625 Lord of Reuss - Greiz, 1643-1667 Lord of Reuss - Burgk )

• Reuss- Gera Lord Henry II (1635-1670)

• Lord Heinrich X. (1647-1671) (1635-1647 Lord of Reuss -Gera )

• Lord Henry I (1647-1666) (1640-1647 Lord of Reuss -Gera, 1666-1673 Lord of Reuss - Schleiz, 1673-1692 Count of Reuss- Schleiz )

• Lord Henry IX. (1647-1666) (1635-1647 Lord of Reuss -Gera )

• Graf: Philip I (1647-1681)

• Count Albert Anton (1646-1710) (1646-1662 under guardianship )
• Regent: Emilie von Oldenburg (1646-1662)

• Graf: Christian Günther II (1642-1666) ( in Arnstadt )
• Count Anton Günther I. (1642-1666) (in special Hausen )
• Count Ludwig Günther II (1642-1681) ( in Ebeleben, 1666 in Arnstadt )

• Count Heinrich Wolrad (1645-1664)

• Graf: Christian Ludwig (1645-1706)
• Graf: Josiah II (1645-1669)

• Italian States Genoa Doge Alessandro Spinola (1654-1656)

• Duke: Ferrante III. Gonzaga (1632-1678)

• Pope Innocent X (1644-1655)
• Pope Alexander VII (1655-1667)

• Duke: Philip IV of Spain (1621-1665) Governor Luis de Benavides Carrillo (1648-1656)

• Duke Carlo II Gonzaga (1637-1665)

• Prince Carlo I. Cybo - Malaspina (1623-1662)

• Duke Alessandro Pico II (1637-1691)

• Duke Francesco I d' Este (1629-1658)

• Duke Carlo II Gonzaga (1637-1665)

• King: Philip IV of Spain (1621-1665) Viceroy: García de Avellaneda y Haro, Count of Castrillo (1653-1658)

• Duke: Ranuccio II Farnese (1646-1694)

• Prince: Niccolò Ludovisi I. (1634-1664)

• Captains Regent: Carlo Tosini (1647, 1650-1651, 1654-1655, 1661-1662, 1665-1666, 1671-1672, 1675-1676, 1679-1680, 1683-1684 ) and Paolo Antonio Onofri (1635, 1639, 1642 -1643, 1646-1647, 1650-1651, 1654-1655, 1659-1660, 1663, 1667-1668, 1671, 1675, 1681-1682, 1685-1686 )
• Captains Regent: Carlo Loli (1646, 1651-1652, 1655, 1658-1659, 1664, 1668, 1672, 1677-1678, 1682, 1689-1690 ) and Cionini Sforza ( 1628, 1632-1633, 1641-1642, 1645, 1655, 1661)
• Captains Regent: Ottavio Giannini (1645-1646, 1652, 1655-1656, 1659, 1665, 1669, 1673, 1678-1679 ) and Bartolomeo Ceccoli ( 1633, 1636-1637, 1641-1642, 1652-1653, 1655-1656 )

• Duke: Charles Emmanuel II (1638-1675)

• King: Philip IV of Spain (1621-1665) Viceroy: Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar Gómez de Sandoval y Mendoza (1651-1655)
• Viceroy Juan Téllez - Girón, Duke of Osuna (1655-1656)

• Grand Duke Ferdinando II de ' Medici (1621-1670)

• Doge Francesco Molin (1646-1655)
• Doge Carlo Contarini (1655-1656)

• Monaco Prince: Honoré II (1604-1662)

• Ottoman Empire Sultan Mehmed IV (1648-1687)

• Poland King John II Casimir (1648-1669)

• Portugal King: John IV (1640-1656)

• Prussia Duke in Prussia, Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg (1640-1688)

• Russia Tsar Alexei I. (1645-1676)

• Sweden King Karl X Gustav

• Transylvania Prince: George II Rákóczi (1648-1657) (1657-1658) (1659-1660)

• Spain King: Philip IV (1621-1665)

• Hungary King Ferdinand III. (1637-1657)