New South Wales

New South Wales [ nju ː ˌ saʊθ weɪlz ] ( German New South Wales ) is a state of Australia and Sydney has as its capital. It is located in the southeastern part of the country, bordering Victoria in the south, South Australia to the west and Queensland in the north. In the southeastern part of New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory surrounds. With around 7 million people, more than a third of Australia's population lives in this most populous state.

Geography

New South Wales is on the southeast coast of Australia with wide flat plains in the west, the Coast Mountains Great Dividing Range with the New England chain in the north, the Blue Mountains in the middle and the highest point in the Australian Alps, Mount Kosciuszko ( 2,228 m), in south. The total area of this state is 800,642 km ²; it is thus about three times the size of Great Britain. The Murray River, the second longest river of Australia, springs from the Snowy Mountains and forms the border with Victoria. Flows into it from the headwaters of the Culgoa River (which flows from Queensland in a southeasterly direction to New South Wales) and Barwon River resulting Darling River, which forms the longest river system in Australia, with its headwaters.

History

New South Wales was discovered in 1770 by the English navigator Captain James Cook. The first European fleet ( First Fleet ) of 11 ships of the Royal Navy under the command of Captain Arthur Phillip landed at Port Jackson ( Sydney ) on 26 January 1788. 1 030 people, mostly convicts and their guards, had the task in the penal colony Australia to establish an English colony. In the early years there was no famine because no plows and draft animals had been brought and brought the plants received soon. The first contacts with the local Aborigines were regarded as friendly; so Bennelong was a mediator between cultures. 1790 culminated with the Second Fleet, the New South Wales Corps Australia, received later by the Rum Rebellion against William Bligh in the story. It was not until 1792 the colony was almost self-sufficient and after 1793 came the first free settlers.

1809 took over Lachlan Macquarie as Governor of New South Wales, the administration of the colony; covered extensive infrastructure in this time.

New South Wales was the first British colony in Australia and originally comprised the entire eastern Australia. 1825 Tasmania, South Australia in 1836, Victoria in 1851 and 1859 Queensland was separated. In 1911, the Australian Capital Territory ( Abbreviation: ACT, with Canberra, the newly created capital of Australia ) spun, 1915, the Jervis Bay Territory.

As the first of Sydney independent place in the domestic Goulburn was established in 1833.

Population

The original inhabitants of New South Wales Aborigines were among other things the people of the Darug and Eora, who came to Australia about 40,000 to 60,000 years ago. After initially imported diseases such as smallpox killed more than 50% of Aboriginal people, violent confrontations with settlers and a wave of massacres for further deaths were responsible. Today, they only make around 130,000 inhabitants of about 2.5 % of the population.

New South Wales is the oldest and by Victoria of the most densely populated state of Australia. There are about 6.9 million inhabitants, mainly on the coast and in Sydney. That is about one third of the total Australian population, which underlines the economic importance.

Administrative divisions

New South Wales is divided into 14 regions:

• Central West (CW)
• Far West (FW)
• Hunter (HT)
• Illawarra (IL )
• Mid- North Coast (NC)
• Murray ( MR)
• Murrumbidgee (MG)
• Northwestern (NW)
• Northern Rivers (NR)
• Richmond -Tweed (RT )
• South Eastern ( SE)
• Sydney Inner (SI)
• Sydney Outer (SO)
• Sydney Surrounds (SS)

In addition, there are 152 local government areas, see Local Government Areas in New South Wales

Climate and vegetation

New South Wales has a share in different climate zones, where the southern coastal regions have warm- temperate maritime climate, which gradually moves north to subtropical. In the uplands is mostly temperate climate with cool winters and relatively mild summers. In the largest part of the state over the inland and across the East, however, there is an arid and semi-arid continental climate imprint. The precipitation increases from 1.500 mm annually on the coast to less than 200 mm in the interior, whereas the temperature increases from the coast to the inland. The vegetation follows this precipitate graduation with dense eucalyptus forests, open shrub - grass steppes, and finally to the area semi- desert-like areas. A special case is the Great Dividing Range, a mountain range in north-south direction: Here the rainfall is higher and the temperatures have stronger fluctuations. The Australian Alps in the south have an alpine climate and lie partly above the tree line. Here it is in part also in summer snowfall and frost.

New South Wales is subject to a strong influence of the Southern Oscillation: Moisture years with good wheat yields are repeatedly replaced by drought, caused by El Niño.

The warmest months are January and February; coolest month is July.

Economy

New South Wales is economically the most important state of Australia with significant deposits of lead, coal, copper, zinc, silver, gold and other ores. In order to better explore and purpose of supervision of the Mont property you created in 1875 the State Geological Survey of New South Wales. Also important are the sheep and cattle farming in the West as well as wheat and fruit crops in irrigated areas. There is also the Hunter Valley an internationally known wine producing region. In the coastal area the important industrial sites of Sydney, Newcastle and Wollongong are. In addition, Sydney is home to the Australian financial center and has been in North Ryde large settlements of technology companies.

Universities

• Australian Catholic University ( ACU), Brisbane, Sydney, Canberra, Ballarat, Melbourne:
• Charles Sturt University (CSU ), Bathurst:
• Macquarie University ( Macquarie ), Campus North Ryde:
• Southern Cross University (SCU ), Coffs Harbour:
• University of New England ( UNE ), Armidale:
• University of New South Wales ( UNSW ), Sydney:
• University of Newcastle ( NEWCASTLE ), Callaghan:
• University of Sydney ( USYD ), Sydney:
• University of Technology Sydney ( UTS), Sydney:
• University of Western Sydney ( UWS ), Sydney:
• University of Wollongong ( UOW ), Wollongong: