Nizhyn

Nizhyn (Ukrainian Ніжин; Russian Нежин / Nezhin, Polish Nieżyn ) is a city in Chernihiv Oblast of Ukraine, and the center of the Rajons same name. The city is situated on the banks of the River Easter.

History

The area known as Neschatinna Niwa ( = ungeerntetes field) was already mentioned in 1078. The town was first mentioned under the name Unenesch in 1147 in the Hypatiuschronik. After it was destroyed in the 1239 Mongol invasion, they recovered only slowly.

Middle of the 14th century came the place under Lithuanian rule. In 1514 the city was first mentioned under its present name, as here kosakisches regiment was organized. In the 17th and 18th century, the city was able to develop thanks to its position on important trade routes to a major manufacturer / and commercial center. In 1618 Nizhyn fell by the Treaty of Deulino to Poland, in 1625 the place obtained the Magdeburg Law.

Under the Cossack rule, the town was the seat of a 1648 Kosakenpulkes. At this time originated in the city a Greek trading colony which received special privileges by Bohdan Khmelnytsky. 1663 was elected to Nizhyn Ivan Brichowezky to Ataman.

1667 came Nizhyn by the Treaty of Andrussowo the Tsardom Russia, but the Kosakenpulk was continued and was only resolved in 1782 as part of a reform of the army. 1696 opened the Greeks own school, in 1785 received the Greek community its own administration. At this time the place but already lost its importance as a trading point, since during the conquest of the southern Ukraine by the Russian Empire, the trade routes shifted to the south to the Black Sea. As a result, the Greek merchant left the city in the direction of Odessa, Mariupol and Taganrog.

From 1802 was Nizhyn district town in the province of Chernigov. To which, among other things contributed, in the 19th century, the cultural importance of the city, including in particular the school was founded in 1820 Nizhyn ( Pedagogical Institute from 1832: Lyceum today ) grew Friedrich Gelbcke, Nikolai Gogol, Yevhen Hrebinka and Leonid Hlibow worked.

1868 a railway station was opened in Nizhyn. Since the dissolution of the USSR in 1991 Nizhyn belongs to Ukraine.

Population Development

Development of the population ( as of January 1 each )

• 2004-76056
• 2005-75648
• 2006-75469

Economy

The city is famous for its food specialties, for example, marinated cucumbers and tomatoes, which are exported to a large extent.

Sons and daughters of the city

• Olga Stepanova Khokhlova (1891-1955): first wife of Pablo Picasso in the years 1918-1935
• Mani body (1883-1953): Yiddish writers
• John of Tobolsk, bishop and saint of the Russian Orthodox Church