Tibetan people

Tibetans (also outdated Tibetans, Tibetan = Böpa bod, pa) are members of an ethnic group that is native to Asia. Their settlement area is the historical Tibet. The majority lives in, set up by the People's Republic of China so-called autonomous administrative units. ( Census 2010: 6,282,187 ). For the most part in the Tibet Autonomous Region ( 44.81 %) and in smaller autonomous units in the neighboring provinces of Sichuan ( 23.43 %), Qinghai ( 20.06 %), Gansu ( 8.18% ) and Yunnan ( 2.37% ). In Tibet are 92.77 % of the population Tibetans in Qinghai 22.53 %, 1.76% in Gansu and Sichuan 1.54%. Many Tibetans live in the neighboring areas of the Himalayas, for example, in India, Nepal, Bhutan and Myanmar, partly nomadic. The historical religion of the Tibetans is Bon. In the present, however, belongs to the majority devout Tibetans, the Lamaist Buddhism.

Autonomous administrative units of Tibetans in China

  • Provincial level: Tibet Autonomous Region;
  • Autonomous District Dêqên of Tibetans in Yunnan Province;
  • Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Gansu Province;
  • Autonomous District Garzê of Tibetans in Sichuan Province;
  • Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province;
  • Autonomous District Haibei of Tibetans in Qinghai Province;
  • Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province;
  • Autonomous District Haixi Mongol and Tibetan in Qinghai Province;
  • Autonomous District Huangnan of Tibetans in Qinghai Province;
  • Autonomous District Ngawa the Tibetan and Qiang in Sichuan Province;
  • Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province;
  • Autonomous County of Muli Tibetan Autonomous County in Liangshan Yi in Sichuan Province;
  • Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County in the administrative area of ​​Wuwei City of Gansu Province.

Political situation

Approximately 200 000 Tibetans living in exile, mainly in Nepal, India and Bhutan. Through sponsored by China immigration ( Sinicisation ), the proportion of Han Chinese, especially in urban centers.

The religious freedom of the predominantly Buddhist Tibetans is subject to the condition that no political actions against China to be made. This includes, for example, the presentation of a photograph of the Dalai Lama. Most of the original 6,000 Buddhist monasteries of Tibet were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution 1966-1976, but in the meantime built a few and reopened. Even today, many Tibetans flee from persecution, mainly to India.

As members of an ethnic minority Tibetan women are officially two children, in the pastures partly more allowed.

Language and Culture

The Tibetan language is attributed to the Tibeto-Burman language group. It is together with the Chinese official language official language in Tibet Autonomous Region.

The approximately 3,000 Monba are closely related to the Tibetans, but are officially classified as a separate nationality and have their own written language based on the Tibetan alphabet.

A group of around 150,000 people, which will be officially counted by the Chinese government to the Tibetan nationality, are the Gyarongpa, ie "People of the Gyarong " (or rGyarong, Jiarong ). They live in northern Sichuan and speak a language that is closely related to Qiang than Tibetan. Like many other Tibetans culturally related ethnic groups on the eastern edge of the highlands of Tibet they are from the perspective of Lhasa Tibetan Tibetans anyway, even if the local population does have their own point of view.

Prior to the occupation of Tibet by China (1950) and even then until 1959 ( rebellion, flight of the Dalai Lama) were 10-15 percent of the Tibetan population in the monasteries.

History

In the 7th century the Tibetan Empire ( " Yarlung dynasty ") was incorporated under the Tsenpo ( "Kaiser" ) Songtsen Gampo, who in under a clever marriage policy influence some Turkish neighbor kingdoms secured. This could be called the beginning of the Tibetan ethno-genesis, the formation of the Tibetan people, see. Under Tsenpo Trisong Detsen in the 8th century, the military domination over the highlands and thus a combination of different nation was enforced under the Yarlung rule.

In 1950 Chinese troops in Tibet, after which it came in 1959 anti-Chinese uprising (Tibet uprising ) in Lhasa for Tibet's independence. As a result, about 80,000 Tibetans went with the Dalai Lama into exile, mainly to India.

Autonomy Tibetan Buddhism Qiang people Mili Tibetan Autonomous County Bairi Tibetan Autonomous County Wuwei, Gansu Military occupation Songtsän Gampo 1959 Tibetan uprising Amdo Ngari Prefecture Achang people Blang people Bonans Bouyei people Dai people Daur people Derung people Dong people Dongxiangs Gelao people Hani people Hui people Jino people Kazakhs Koreans Lahu people Lhoba people Li people Lisu people Manchu people Maonan people Miao people Mulao people Nu people Pumi people Salar people She people Tajiks of Xinjiang Chinese Tatars Tujia people Uzbeks Xibe Zhuang people Sherpa people Khmu people Muong people Mosuo Baima people Hakka people
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