Latin American music

Latin American music is an umbrella term for the dances, rhythms and styles of music as it is played in Latin American countries. The musical forms are usually viewed as a typical style that are commonly associated with the music from Cuba: A mixture of Spanish and African rhythmic melodic influences.

However, there are also Latin American countries, where other influences have determined the traditional music, for example in the music of the Andes (Bolivia, Peru), in the pre-Columbian style elements also occur as the Obertonharmonik and pentatonic scale. Another example is the Bossa Nova from Brazil with stylistic elements of jazz and explore the Argentine Cuarteto and Chamamé with Alpine, Italian and Eastern European elements.

2.1 Andean region
2.2 Argentina
2.3 Brazil
2.4 Caribbean
2.5 Mexico
2.6 Paraguay
2.7 Uruguay
2.8 Venezuela
2.9 more

4.1 instruments 4.1.1 Schlag-/Rhythmusinstrumente
4.1.2 Melodie-/Harmonieinstrumente

Classification

The Latin American music can be divided into the following sub-groups, some of which differ greatly from each other.

Traditional styles

These styles developed in the 18th and 19th centuries and are mostly originated in rural areas.

Afro Brazilian music: a mix of rhythms born in Brazil of African slaves with Portuguese elements, such as Samba, Samba Reggae, Axé
Afro-Colombian music: in Colombia resulting hybrids of European and African elements. Unlike in the Afro-Cuban and Afro-Brazilian music is dominated by melodic instruments like the accordion, such as cumbia, vallenato
Afro Caribbean music: music that originated in Cuba and the neighboring islands of African and European elements, such as son, merengue or Calypso
Andean music: the traditional music of the Andean countries, which were included in both Spanish melodic elements and influences of the pre-Columbian music of the Indians of this region, such as Carnavalito
Folklore Pampeano accrued in Argentina, Chile and Uruguay forms of music and dances that are rooted in the Spanish folk music, such as Chacarera
Music of Indigenous Peoples: different forms of music with little to no foreign influence

Urban music styles

These styles developed only in the 20th century, partly from the traditional styles, partly as hybrids with other genres in the major cities of Latin America:

Tango Argentino, a melancholy dance from the La Plata area, which developed in Buenos Aires and Montevideo
Cuarteto, a mix of Italian, Spanish and Afro- Caribbean elements that originated in Córdoba in Argentina

Political song

By combining traditional folk music with newer social critical elements emerged, first in Chile, and later in other countries, the Nueva canción, which was in the 1960s and 70s to the whole sub-continent -spanning movement.

Hybrids with other genres

Most of them originated in mid -20th century, although some also outside Latin America.

Salsa, one resulting in the U.S. hybrid of several styles from the Caribbean
Bossa Nova, one born in Brazil hybrid of indigenous styles of jazz and game forms
Latin Jazz, created in the 1930s and 1940s in New York fusion of jazz with Afro- Cuban music (especially Mambo / Salsa )
Latin Rock, one resulting in the U.S. and later popular throughout Latin America hybrid of rock and various, mainly Afro-Caribbean styles
Latin Pop, a mix of pop music and Latin American design, often with soul and rhythm and blues influences.
Songo, a modern form of Són, emerged around 1969, mixes the melodic elements of the Són with the rhythmic elements of traditional rumba and rock, funk and rhythm and blues
Tex- Mex, a hybrid of folk styles from Texas and Mexico

New popular styles of Latin American music

They are partly new sub- genres of traditional styles, some of the dominant influences are, however, other styles ( for example, when Rio funk from the Miami Bass to the USA).

Reggaeton ( Reguetón )
Latin Hip Hop
Merengue Hip Hop
Latin Ska
Cumbia Villera
Cumbia Romantica
Mangue Beat
Tecno cumbia
Rio Funk
Electro Tango
Latin House
Latin Techno
Comerciales
Cuarteto Merenguero
Salsa
Timba
Rock nacional
Tecno brega

Dances and song forms from the countries of origin

Andean region

Vallenato, yaravi

Especially Bolivia: cueca boliviana
Specifically Chile: Resbalosa or refalosa, Tonada
Specifically Ecuador: Cachullapi, Chirihuaqui, Pasillo
Specifically Colombia: Bambuco, cumbia, Currulao, Merengue Columbiano,
Specifically Peru: Huayno, Carnevalito, Takirari, Huaylarsh, Saya, Marinera, tondero, vals criollo, Negroid, festejo, Chicha

Andano

Argentina

Baguala, Bailecito, Carnavalito, Chacarera, Chamamé, Chamarrita, Chaya, Chirihuaqui, Cielito, Cifra, cueca, Estilo, Milonga, Rasguido doble, tango Argentino, Tonada, Vidala, Zamba

Brazil

Axé, baião, Brega, Bumba -Meu -Boi, ( Capoeira - originally a fighting style ), Choro / Chorinho, Côco, forró, frevo, lambada, Maracatu, Marchinha, MPB, Música caipira, Pagoda, Samba, Samba Reggae, Sertanejo, Tropicalia

Caribbean

Calipso ( Trinidad and Tobago), Danzon (originally from Haiti ), Merengue, Bachata (both:. Dominican Republic ), Plena (Puerto Rico), Mento, Ska, Reggae, Dancehall (Jamaica ), reggaeton (Puerto Rico, Panama, Dominican Republic, Cuba )

Specifically Cuba: Bolero, Conga, Guaguancó, Guajira, Guaracha, Habanera, Lucumí, Mambo, Rumba, Son

Mexico

Banda, Corrido, Danzon, Canción Ranchera, Sandunga, Son Huasteca ( huapango ), Son Jarocho, Son de Jalisco, Michoacán de Son, Son de Veracruz, Vals, Yucateca

Paraguay

Balada or Canción, Guarania, Polca paraguaya, Vals

Uruguay

Chamarrita, Candombe, Murga

Venezuela

Joropo llanero, Pasaje, polo

Bolivian lowlands: Taquirari, Carnavalito, Chovena
Originally from Spain: Paso Doble
Mainly by Cuban immigrants in the United States ( especially in New York) developed: Cha -Cha- Cha, Gotan, Jive, Latin Jazz, Salsa

Musician

Leo Brouwer, Paquito D' Rivera, Tito Puente, Antonio Carlos Jobim, João Gilberto, Maria Joao, Mario Bauza, Luiz Bonfá, Milton Nascimento, Lalo Schifrin, Irakere, Los Van Van, Adalberto Alvarez, Caterina Valente, El Nene, Mayito Rivera, El Indio, Ricardo Amaray, Manolito Simonet, Yma Sumac, Lucha Reyes, Buena Vista Social Club, Manu Chao, Chucho Valdes, Ruben Blades, Willie Colón, Juan de Marcos, Issac Delgado, Azucar Negra, NG La Banda, Manolin el - medico de la salsa, Cruks en Karnak, Quilapayún, Inti Illimani, Victor Jara, Violeta Parra, Shakira, Daniela Mercury, Gloria Estefan, Celia Cruz, Carlinhos Brown, Marc Anthony, Thalía, Grupo Niche, Aventura, Daddy Yankee, Tego Calderon, Rakim y Ken -Y, Selena Quintanilla -Perez, Julieta Venegas, Hijos del Sol, etc.

Main instruments and rhythm

Instruments

Schlag-/Rhythmusinstrumente

Especially in Afro- Cuban music: Achére, AGBE (or ABWE ), Bata, Bongos, Claves, Conga ( s ), cowbell, Güa - güa, Güiro, maracas, Palitos, SHEKERE, timbales
Especially in Brazilian music: Afoxé / Xequeré, Agogô, Apito ( whistle ), Atabaque, Berimbau, Caixa, Caxixi, Chocalho / Ganzá / Shaker, Cuíca, pandeiro, reco - reco, Repinique (also: Repique ) Sanfona, Surdo, tamborim, Triangle, zabumba

Melodie-/Harmonieinstrumente

Accordion, bandoneon ( in Argentina), cavaquinho ( Brazilian ), ( mostly acoustic ) guitar, harp, piano, clarinet, bass, pan pipes, and various other flutes (including ocarina ), trombone, trumpet, violin

Rhythm

( Afro- ) Brazilian Afro -Brasil, Arrasta - pé, baião, forró, maracatu, Partido Alto, Samba, Xaxado, Xote
Afro- Cuban: Abanico, Cascara, Clave, Güajeo, Montuno, Tumbao, Martillo

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