Tokyo
The Tokyo prefecture (Japanese东京 都, Tōkyō-to, Eng. Tokyo Prefecture or officially Tokyo Metropolis, often only Tokyo ) is a prefecture of Japan and is located mostly in the Kanto plain. It is equipped with over 13 million inhabitants, is the most populous prefecture of Japan, but with only 2,000 km ² also the third smallest. Seat of the prefectural government is the [ special ] Shinjuku district, even if for geographical purposes, eg on state maps, often all of Tokyo is considered prefectural capital as before, although it was abolished as an administrative unit in 1943.
- 6.1 districts (区ku )
- 6.2 Independent cities (市shi)
- 6.3 counties and sub-prefectures
Geography
The 23 districts (区ku ) form in the eastern part with a total area of about 621 km ² and over 8 million inhabitants the urban core area of Tokyo.
The middle part of seamlessly connect to other major cities. Alone, Hachioji, the largest of which has nearly half a million inhabitants. The western part, however, is on foothills of the Japanese Alps, is sparsely populated and with its mountain landscape, scenic (among other things to the Okutama Lake). Highest point of the prefecture is the summit of Kumotoriyama ( 2017.1 m) on the border with the prefectures of Saitama and Yamanashi. The central and western part is also referred to collectively as the Tama area and has 1,169 sq km over 4 million inhabitants.
Finally, to the prefecture of Tokyo also includes more than 60 small islands in the Pacific south of Honshu. 20 of them belong to the Izu islands, of which the northern is, Izu - Oshima, the largest. To the south lie the Ogasawara Islands, more than 1,000 km away from the Kanto plane which can only be reached with a 24 - hour boat trip. You count since 2011 a UNESCO World Heritage Site. During the main part of the prefecture belongs to the temperate zone, the Ogasawara Islands are already in the subtropics. With the Islands and Okinotorishima Minami- Torishima also includes the southernmost and the easternmost part of the Japanese territory to the prefecture of Tokyo.
Population
On 1 July 2011, the Tokyo Metropolitan 13,190,383 inhabitants ( 6,547,551 men and 6,642,832 women ) living in 6,445,202 households. Only 3.1% of the total population ( 410,184 ) are registered foreigners.
Politics and Administration
- LDP: 59
- Kōmeitō: 23
- JCP: 17
- DPJ: 15
- Yui & Ishin: 5
- Minna no Tō Tokyo: 4
- Seikatsusha Network: 3
- Shinkokyū no dekiru Tōkyō ( " a Tokyo, this can take a deep breath " ): 1
At the top of the Tokyo Metropolitan Administration ( Tōkyō Tocho; . Engl Tokyo Metropolitan Government, TMG) is the governor as in all prefectures. In the gubernatorial election in Tokio 2014 Ex - Social Minister Yōichi Masuzoe was elected to succeed the resigned over a funding scandal Naoki Inose.
The Parliament Prefecture Tokyo (东京 都 议会, Tōkyō-to gikai ) is responsible for the legislative and budget. It also agrees on important personnel decisions of the Governor, including the Vice- Governors, from. The 127 members are elected in 42 constituencies of noncommunicable Einzelstimmgebung. From the last election on June 23, 2013 went LDP and Kōmeitō that provide the majority government at the national level, it along with a majority of seats. The Democratic Party, which had become the strongest party in the 2009 election - the nation's only in the second Prefecture Parliament in Iwate - still fell behind the JCP back to fourth place.
The Tokyo Prefecture to carry out certain administrative tasks that the municipalities are entitled in other prefectures, of the 23 districts. These include public services such as the fire service and infrastructure sectors such as water supply. To this end, she gets some of the municipal taxes from the districts and has this in turn means according to their population. The Izu - Ogasawara Islands and managed by four sub-prefectures, which are located at the Department of General Affairs ( Somu - kyoku ).
With a " financial strength index " ( zaiseiryoku Shisu ) of well over 1 Tokyo is by far the financially strongest prefecture of the country. The Tokyo debt is over 10 trillion yen ( 75 billion euros ). It has been declining since about the turn of the millennium.
In the national Parliament, the prefecture selects 25 Shūgiinabgeordnete direct - 2012 21 Liberal Democrats, two Democrats and one member each from Minna no Tō (now Yui no Tō ) and Kōmeitō - and five Sangiinabgeordnete per by-election, after the 2010 elections and 2013, three Liberal Democrats, two members of Kōmeitō and the Democratic Party, a communist, a Minna -no- Tō member and the non-party nuclear opponents taro Yamamoto.
CO2 emissions trading
With the fiscal year 2010 began in the prefecture of Tokyo on 1 April 2010, a mandatory program for emissions trading of industrial and offices. The actual trade, so the sanctioning of excessive emissions should begin in 2011, after a final determination of the emission allocations. Then must the period 2010 to 2014, greenhouse gas emissions by six to eight per cent, to be reduced to 2019 by 17 percent.
International Partnerships
Although the Tokyo prefecture is not a city, it maintains zwitterionic moderate both (quasi as a representative of the non- existing city of Tokyo ) numerous city partnerships with cities around the world, as well as regional partnerships. In addition, the capital city districts and cities in the region have their own town twinning.
In addition to the eleven cities and regional partnerships, the Tokyo prefecture is part of the ANMC21 (Asian Network of Major Cities 21), a collaboration of Asian capitals and capital regions. She also maintains a political cooperation with the Greater London Authority, which was agreed in 2006. Since then, the Tokyo prefecture is also a member of the 2005 Greater London initiated Large Cities Climate Leadership Group.
Twinning
- Germany Berlin, Germany (since 1994)
- Indonesia Jakarta, Indonesia (since 1989)
- Egypt Cairo, Egypt ( since 1990)
- Russia Moscow, Russia ( since 1991)
- United States New York, United States ( since 1960)
- France Paris, France ( since 1982)
- People's Republic of China Beijing, China (since 1979)
- Italy Rome, Italy ( since 1996)
- Flag of South Korea Seoul, South Korea (since 1988)
Region partnerships
Economy
The " gross domestic product" of Tokyo Prefecture in fiscal 2006 amounted to 92.3 trillion yen ( 590 billion euros ), equivalent to nearly one-fifth of the total Japanese domestic product.
Services play the main role in the Tokyo business: Of the 2006, about 8.7 million workers in Tokyo - including more than 7.2 million in the area of 23 districts - were less than 1.4 million in industry, construction, energy, gas and water supply and only around 6,000 in mining, agriculture, forestry and fisheries operate. In Tokyo, there are the corporate headquarters of many Japanese companies and many branches of foreign corporations. The Tokyo Stock Exchange is the largest in Japan and Tokyo is one of the most important financial centers of Asia and the world.
The income, but also the cost of living in Tokyo is high. The average monthly household income (only employees) in Tokyo in 2006 was approximately 570,000 yen, of which around 428,000 yen were issued as cost of living.
History
The Tokyo prefecture was first established in 1868 in the Meiji restoration for a short time as a Prefecture Edo, Edo - fu, after renaming Edo in Tokyo in the same year, as Tōkyō- fu (东京 府). In contrast to most other prefectures, which were built as banks, nine urban areas, which had been managed by Bugyo directly from the Shogun, as fu were established. Among them were especially national capitals Edo, Kyoto and Osaka, first, the open state to the unequal treaties treaty ports. The latter were however converted into banks in 1869.
The territory of the prefecture corresponded approximately to the beginning of the later city of Tokyo. After the abolition of the feudal system ( Han) and the areal division of Japan prefectures in 1871, the prefectures Kosuge and Shinagawa Tokyo were slammed. Other areas followed: in 1878 the Izu Islands, 1880, the Ogasawara Islands and in 1893 the county Tama Kanagawa. This also included rural and outlying islands to Tokyo.
1878 for the first time a prefecture Parliament ( Fukai ) was elected with 49 members. 1889 divided the Meiji government in Japan modern authorities: In the area of Tokyo prefecture, the city Tōkyō and other small towns ( Machi and Fuchū -eki ) and villages ( Mura) emerged. However, the Ministry of the Interior appointed governor of the prefecture remained until 1898 in personal union mayor of the city of Tokyo - a scheme that first of all " three capitals" ( santo ) was, so next Tōkyō also for the cities of Kyoto and Osaka.
1943 were resolved with the Tōkyō- tosei city and former Tokyo Prefecture and set up the capital prefecture Tōkyō-to. The mayors of the districts of Tokyo were subordinate now directly the Tokyo prefecture and the governor was Tōkyō-to - Chokan (东京 都 长官). After the end of the Pacific War, the administration has been democratized as in the other prefectures: As of 1947, the governor was elected by the people. However, the special status of the former urban area of Tokyo was partly preserved, but the districts were given greater autonomy and now have many of the same rights as all other communities in the country.
Administrative divisions
Districts (区ku )
- Seat of the prefecture administration: Shinjuku
- Adachi
- Arakawa
- Bunkyō
- Chiyoda
- Chūō
- Edogawa
- Itabashi
- Katsushika
- Kita
- Kōtō
- Meguro
- Minato
- Nakano
- Nerima
- Ōta
- Setagaya
- Shibuya
- Shinagawa
- Suginami
- Sumida
- Toshima
- Taitō
Independent cities (市shi)
- Akiruno
- Akishima
- Chōfu
- Fuchū
- Fussa
- Hachioji
- Hamura
- Higashikurume
- Higashimurayama
- Higashiyamato
- Hino
- Inagi
- Kiyose
- Kodaira
- Koganei
- Kokubunji
- Komae
- Kunitachi
- Machida
- Mitaka
- Musashimurayama
- Musashino
- Nishitōkyō
- Ōme
- Tachikawa
- Tama
Counties and sub-prefectures
- District ( gun ) Nishitama with communities Hinohara
- Hinode
- Mizuho
- Okutama
Towns and villages on islands:
- Sub-prefecture Hachijo Aogashima
- Hachijo
- Mikurajima
- Miyake
- Ogasawara
- Kozushima
- Niijima
- Ōshima
- Toshima