Irbit
Irbit (Russian Ирбит ) is a town in Sverdlovsk Oblast (Russia) with 38 357 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010 ).
Geography
Irbit is the administrative center of the former Rajons in the southeast of Sverdlovsk Oblast and is located on the eponymous river Irbit at its confluence with the Niza, about 200 km north-east of the regional capital Yekaterinburg. The nearest town Turinsk 55 kilometers north-east.
History
Irbit was founded in 1631 under the name Irbeiskaja sloboda ( Ирбейская слобода ), in 1662 it was renamed the Irbit. The first settlers here operated mainly trade and organized fairs, which had also offered as a result of the favorable location. 1643 was the year Irbit market the official status of a market place and became the 17th and 18th century national significance.
1773 tried to rebel forces to Yemelyan Pugachev Irbit take, but failed due to the massive resistance of local merchants. As a reward for it proclaimed the Empress Catherine II " the Great" two years later Irbit to the town and approved money for important buildings, including a cathedral (which was destroyed in the 1930s ).
In the 18th and 19th centuries the Irbit fair was one of the largest marketplaces in Siberia and the Ural region. Among other things, was traded here with tea from Siberia and China. However, this development ended in the early 20th century, when the Trans-Siberian railroad was laid, the Irbit bypassed.
In the 1930s, several major companies have been set up in Irbit, so the city became one industrial center. From 1941 to 1945 some came because of the Second World War from the European part of the Soviet Union evacuated added factories.
Economy
International Irbit is primarily known as the site of Irbit motorcycle works, which sells its products under the trade name Urals. In addition Irbit has a more significant factory that manufactures specialty glass. Other industries in the city include a pharmacy business and operations of food production and wood processing.
Attractions
Irbit has parts of the historic old town with Kaufmannsbauten from the early 19th century around the former fairground site. There are also in Irbit several museums, including a local history museum, a history and Ethnografiemuseum, a visual arts museum and the only motorcycle museum in Russia.
Sons and daughters of the town
- Yuri Litujew (1925-2000), Athlete
- Olga Tschernjawskaja ( b. 1963 ), a discus thrower