Altrei
Altrei (Italian Anterivo ) is a municipality with 375 inhabitants (as at 31 December 2012) in South Tyrol (Italy). It is located in Val di Fiemme about the same distance from Bolzano and Trento. Altrei is the only German -speaking community in the valley which is otherwise italian language and is part of Trentino.
Geography
The municipality is located in the south of South Tyrol Altrei and projects as spur into the otherwise for Trentino Fiemme Valley belonging into it. The settlement areas are located on a low mountain range of the Val di Fiemme Alps. From South Tyrol from Altrei is to reach for the road just over the San -Lugano - saddle and on about Trentino territory, making the community a functional exclave.
The capital of the province, Altrei, is on 1200-1250 m asl; besides, there are still the two small fractions Eben (1120-1130 m) and Guggal (1160-1200 m).
The total of 11.05 km ² and asked to significant parts in the Monte Corno Nature Park under protection municipality borders just to the north - on a wooded ridge of the mountain range that separates the Val di Fiemme from the Val d'Adige - South Tyrol to a community, namely Truden. Otherwise, it is surrounded by the municipalities of Trentino Capriana Valfloriana, Castello -Molina di Fiemme and Carano. In the south, the municipality reaches the Fiemme valley floor and the Avisio Stramentizzo reservoir.
History
Chronology
Antereu, today Altrei, is mentioned as a settlement for the first time in 1321 in a document. At the time, gave the Prince of Tyrol, Duke Henry, the Gottschalk ( Gotschalk or Gottschlin ) of Bolzano, his nurse the court rule Enn the right, in the county Fiemme in the area Antereu to clear ten yards and on their builders continue to exercise jurisdiction. Since then, the whole valley which otherwise also politically subordinate to the High Monastery or the Principality of Trento, was occupied by the Tyrolean sovereigns, Duke Henry could make such an order. Gottschalk ( Gotschalk ) has probably contrived the builders for the new farms in Antereu from another area of German Tyrol. The views expressed by earlier historians believe that Altrei had been settled by the Lombards, who had kept their Germanic language at the beginning of the Middle Ages, is hardly correct.
In the "Archive reports from Altrei and Truden " by Franz Huter ( publication of the Museum Ferdinandeum in Innsbruck ), the following text of a certificate of Altrei is printed: " 1321 July 24, Gries. - Kg Henry of Bohemia blessed in respect of special merit his faithful Gotschalk, judges in Enna, so that he may invest 10 yards in Comitatu Flemis in loco dicto Antereu iacente in medio inter Cauerlon et Castel, whose builders ( coloni ) of all services and taxes (from omnibus servitiis, collectis et steuris ) should be free forever. He also gives him jurisdiction over these builders exceptis maleficiis, queer poenam mortis inducunt which jurisdiction should remain the princely judges reserved. Perg copy of the notary and his Imperial Vicar of comitatus Castelli Lemarum Alexander fd Cypriani Bozetta de Moena after the presbyter of Vdalricus Thomai ecclesiae cathedralis Tridentinae capellanus eiusdemque Illustrissimi et reverendissimi capitui cancelarius ac publ. Pontificia et cesarea aucthoritatibus not. made Koipie Tridentine Chapter Archives. "
Since 1400 is written in German writings for Antereu " Altrew ", in Latin " Anterivum " or " Altaripa ". In the land register of the county of Tyrol, 1406, fol. 200, is to Enne for Altrew cited as an accessory of the box ( the land register office) a number of yard, corridor and epithets German language root and shaping as well as in the particular land register of the rule Enn of 1610. Documents all in German language for people from Altrei included consecutively in the Verfachbüchern the court Enn or Neumarkt 1524, in separate sections, together with the certificates for the Aldein.
A description of the boundaries of the municipality Altrei from the 16th century, which is written in the German language and in the archives of the Bishopric of Trent, file II, 2 ( Fleims ) have been found to the Italian Government before its delivery, lists the following places: Sariolpach, Evespach ( Avisio ) Valgasserpach, Caverlan ( Capriana ) Hukender stone, horn cysts, camping.
In 1779, Empress Maria Theresa made a land swap as a sovereign princess of Tirol with the Bishop of Trent. She gave him the church Altrei and the court Castelnuovo Val di Fiemme, who had been directly part of Tyrol, and received the valuable area of the market in Tramin Etschtale. When the prince-bishopric of Trento was canceled as everyone else in the Roman- German Empire in 1803, the territory and thus the Val di Fiemme with the country of Tyrol was immediately united, namely as a separate judicial district Cavalese within the circle of Trento.
Altrei had its own court, only life and death could not decide. The old court house still exists today, it is in the Gottschalk Road No. 4, a low square tower gives him something of the appearance of a Ansitzes. It is the court of the place is in possession of the Werth family today.
In the state descriptions and statistics of the 19th and 20th centuries is always noticed that Altrei was a German -speaking community, as had in 1910 Altrei 405 inhabitants with German and 22 inhabitants with Italian vernacular. The Landwehr banns at the wars in 1848, 1859 and 1866, the Protecting Altrei are with those of the court Neumarkt disengaged because they felt connected to this close, as the great country ceremony on Mount Isel in 1909. From German Tyrolean page has around 1900 often encouraged to separate from Altrei districts Cavalese and allot the court Neumarkt district Bolzano. But the k.k. Lieutenancy in Innsbruck could not bring himself to take this step. Just as the constituency organizations for the Austrian Imperial Council and the Tyrolean Landtag were newly made in 1907 and 1914, it has Altrei assigned to the southern German Tyrolean constituency, as well as the German communities in the Upper Nonsberg.
The Italian government in 1919 Altrei leave the districts Cavalese and the province of Trento in 1947 but allocated to the district and the province of Bolzano. The Italian census of 1921 was able to Altrei under 402 inhabitants specify only nine Italians. According to government census 1951 Altrei has 435 inhabitants.
From an in Altrei since ancient local family there was born in 1824 John Baptist Zwerger; he was a clergyman, a professor at the seminary in Trento, 1863 Vicar General for the German part of the Diocese of Trento and 1867 Prince-Bishop of Seckau (Graz), where he died in 1893.
In ecclesiastical terms Altrei has been part of the original parish Cavalese; than in 1693 Altrei own curates were used, these were almost exclusively those with German surnames. In the annals of the Jesuit mission in Tyrol 1720-1740 is emphasized that these priests have preached in Altrei in German, the rest Fleimstale in Italian. In the Church and school in Altrei the German language has always been common as preaching and teaching language, as well as in the community as an official language. In 1858 the municipalities Altrei and Truden directed to the Archduke Karl Ludwig, who was then governor of Tyrol, the plea, the state's district office in Cavalese to behave, also admit to them the decrees and other official documents only in German language. The governor's office wants seeing trips with this request, but the mostly Italian-run offices in Cavalese Trentino and repeatedly tried to circumvent this the German character of Altrei protective and concrete provision.
In the Fascist era, from 1923, was the German language of instruction, as elsewhere in South Tyrol, has been so repressed also by the Italian, but since 1946 it is again fully in force.
The community Capriana associated with royal decree No 1689 of September 11, 1925 from 8 - During Fascism, from January 1926 until September 8, 1943 the community Altrei was only a fraction of the community Capriana ( Province of Trento ). September 1943 until 30 May 1945, the Altrei was an independent municipality in the province of Bolzano. From May 30 1945 to May 6, 1947 Altrei was again a fraction of the community Capriana ( Province of Trento ). With ' Legislative Decree ' No 446 of May 6, 1947 Altrei the province of Trento was again an independent municipality, but will be assigned. The Constitutional Act No. 5 of 28 February 1948 ( Official Gazette of the Republic of Italy on March 13, 1948), which came into force on March 14, 1948, Altrei was then assigned to the province of Bolzano and this still holds true today, nothing changed. (See attached excerpt from the Constitution Act No. 5/ 48).
Under the fascist regime some German family names were " Italianized ," the family Gschnell called officially " Casinelli " from Markio was " Marchio " Felizett was Felicetti, etc. The baptismal name was " Italianised " and in official documents that time seems almost exclusively to the Italian spelling for example. Francesco Franz, Margherita for Margaret, Giovanni for Johann, Ildegarda for Hildegard, etc. Later it was at the request of the original spelling of the name to be reintroduced what most families have also made. Interesting is certainly that in the period in which Altrei was merely a fraction of Capriana, the registry office records of the municipality Capriana were performed. For this reason appears in official documents on many Altreier as the birthplace of " Capriana " even though they were born in Altrei.
Altrei coffee
The Altreier " coffee bean" comes from a plant that is neither coffee nor bean: For decades provided a Lupine - Lupinus pilosus - a coffee substitute, who was drunk mixed with barley or wheat. This mixture is called Altrei coffee and is a local specialty, both botanical, as well as from the perspective of the South Tyrolean cultural history. The revival of this rarity was the target of a project that was carried out jointly with more than 30 people from Altrei in 2006.
Origin and development of the place names
Altrei 1321 Antereu, 1406 Altrew, 1423 Anterew, 1460 Anterui, 1475 Altreu, 1600 Althreu 1817 Antrivo, 1885 Altrei / Anterivo - local dialect Fåltrúi From the Romanesque ANTE RIU ( Aside form of RIVU ) " in front of the creek ," here before beyond the creek. The IU has coincided with MHG iu from Germanic eu and developed in the German rosemunde loud statutory ma ui. The preservation of vordeutschen accent indicates Eindeutschung until after the turn of the millennium. The F of the ma phonetics is the attached adverb by fusing with the name of.
Guggal: 1406 hof Kukal, 1463 Wolfl de Gugkal, 1885 Guggal 1923 Guggal, 1940 Guggal ( seems Reg.decr 800 and in Tolomei Prontuario not on. ) - Dialect Gguggål Kanzleilatein. - alis - derivation from nicknames Gugg, Gugger " cuckoo "; Guggal (is), the Gugg belonging.
Eben: 1410 yard in the plane, further older spellings are not available; 1885 -level, 1923 -level ( does not seem in Reg.decr 800. ), 1940 Eben ( found in Tolomei Prontuario not ) - Ebn dialect meaning " on the level ". From the dative plural form levels with altbair. lautgesetzlichem waste of en -; German place names normal extension as in webs, although only one bridge is there, although the plates so named settlement lies on only one disk, etc.
Attractions
Economy
Although Altrei located away from busy traffic, but has no distinct migration problem. Economically still, agriculture plays an important role, with a timid tourism could develop. Altrei is in the range of the Natural Park Monte Corno, of which the community expects a stimulus for further development of a sustainable tourism.
Coat of arms
Blazon: Shield divided, split into five fields up and down, alternating between black and silver. The ten fields of the arms point to the foundation of the town. In 1321 let the magistrates and judges of Enn Gotschalk ( Gottschalk ) from Bolzano, create with the permission of the Prince, the ten yards of used tires.
Personalities
- Johann Baptist Zwerger (1824-1893), Prince-Bishop of Seckau 1867-1893.