Sergiyev Posad

Sergiev Posad (Russian Сергиев Посад ), 1919-1930 Sergiev ( Сергиев ) and 1930-1991 Sagorsk ( Загорск ), is a Russian city with 111 179 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010 ) in Moscow Oblast, 71 km north-east of Moscow. The city, whose name means something like " Posad St. Sergius ', is known mainly through the situated therein, a UNESCO World Heritage Site of Holy Trinity Monastery. This, it represents one of the most important tourist destinations in the Moscow region and belongs to the so-called Golden Ring of ancient historic cities northeast of Moscow.

The present city of Sergiev Posad emerged from several villages, which had been formed from the 15th century around the Trinity Monastery, which already was an important religious center of Russia at that time.

4.1 traffic

Geography

Sergiev Posad is the administrative center of the homonymous Rajons ( district ) within the oblast Moscow. The city lies at the Moscow ridge, 71 km north-east of Moscow and 15 km west of the border between Moscow and Vladimir oblasts. The nearest large towns are Khotkovo (10 km south-west of St. Sergius ), Peresvet (13 km north) and Krasnosawodsk (17 km north).

History

Formation and flowering time of the Trinity Monastery

The city's history begins around the year 1340 with the founding of the Trinity monastery by the later canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church as Sergius of Radonezh monk Bartholomew. Originally, the hermitage, which had built up on a hill washed by the river Kontschura Sergius and his brother Stefan, from a simple wooden church, which was dedicated to the Holy Trinity. While Stefan was no match for the deprivation of hermit life longer and went to Moscow pulled the newly founded monastery soon more monks who sought seclusion. Both the active participation of Sergius ' on the reconciliation and unification of rival Russian principalities and the fact that the Holy Trinity, to which he dedicated the monastery, a symbol of unity of the people - in the fight against the then prevailing Tatar invaders - have been was made Sergius and his monastery in the 14th century in many parts of Russia and known by numerous donations also quite wealthy.

Beginning of the 15th century, a few years after Sergius ' death, the time probably entirely built of wood monastery was destroyed during a raid of the Tartars. Thanks to numerous donations, the plant was but rebuilt a few years later. After the Saints Sergius ' in 1422, the monastery became a place of pilgrimage Orthodox believers from Russian lands. Both Boris Godunov and later Tsar Peter the Great called as a visitor of the convent.

Gradually, new buildings were on the territory of the pen made of stone and 1550 the monastery of a new stone wall was surrounded with defensive towers. Thanks to that, as well as the heroic efforts of the defenders could resist a sixteen -month 1608-1610 Polish siege over the years and was thus celebrated as the center of Russian national feeling. This brought to the monastery in the 17th century even greater glory and prosperity. At that time, began within the monastery walls to form the present architectural ensemble, created during before the walls of towns that merged to form the present city later.

Emergence of the city

The first settlements around the Trinity Monastery, there was, according to tradition since the end of the 14th century, so even during the lifetime of St. Sergius. Although the villages were destroyed during the attacks on the monastery again and abandoned by their residents, but they moved to the heydays of the monastery unabated especially merchants and craftsmen, which were able to live thanks to the many pilgrims also good there. The dominant hand works in this area were then the icon painting and wood carving; other craftsmen specialized in turn affects the everyday needs of the monastery. Gradually formed around the monastery special artisan settlements, called slobody ( слободы, singular слобода ) harboring each master of a separate craft.

Mid-18th century there were in front of the monastery walls already so many villages and artisan branches that they were very close together and in fact formed a single village. At the time this village was called Sergius, which translates as " commercial " or " craft village " meant in the parlance of the time. Officially, the foundation of the Posad in 1782, in the course of administrative reform under the All-Russian Empress Catherine II the Great. At the time, the place obtained by Tsar adopting the name Sergijevski Posad, or " Sergius the ( Holy ) Sergius ," and his own coat of arms.

End of the 18th and during the 19th century, the economically developed Posad unabated, as the number of pilgrims still continued to rise. This benefited in particular the traditional businesses of the area, namely the icon painting and wood carving, as it now was among pilgrims as a must to take an icon, a cross or another wood souvenir as a souvenir when visiting the monastery. Accordingly, the infrastructure of the settlement was expanded during this time: In Posad developed in the 19th century, numerous guest and apartment buildings as well as craft stores. 1845 the first paved road from Moscow to Sergiev Posad was created and in 1862 was with the railway line from Moscow to Sergiev Posad one of Russia's oldest railway lines completed (it was a few years later extended to Yaroslavl and in the 20th century part of the Trans-Siberian Railway ). This gave a further boost to trade, so that St. Sergius rise towards the end of the 19th century one of the greatest places in the provinces of Moscow.

The monastery and the city in the 20th century

After the economic development Sergiev Possads in the first two decades of the 20th century reached its climax, had the October Revolution and the resulting political upheaval in Russia from the 1917 grave consequences for the Trinity Monastery and the whole city. 1918, the entire ensemble and infrastructure as well as the possessions of the monastery were zwangsverstaatlicht, and in November 1919 the monastery was closed and evacuated within a night. In the following years they worked to a large part of the monastic buildings to residential or commercial buildings, the rest of the History and Art Museum.

Also in 1919, the city officially received the status of a city and has since been because he was no longer regarded as a monastery - Posad, referred to simply as Sergiev. In 1930 he was finally in honor of the 1919 deceased revolutionary Vladimir Zagorski (actually Vladimir Lubozki ) renamed Sagorsk. In the 1940s the Soviet government introduced the now somewhat dated ensemble of the former monastery as a whole under monument protection. It was given the status of a State Reserve Museum, which earned him a similar high protection status as that of the Moscow Kremlin. After a subsequent comprehensive reconstruction of the entire former convent to the public was made accessible as a museum. In parallel, the Russian Orthodox Church was allowed in 1946 to use a portion of the investments again as monastery. Due to the status of the monastery as a national museum reserve Sagorsk was recorded in 1969 as the only city in the Moscow Oblast in the ensemble of the Golden Ring.

The city itself has developed, however, in Soviet times, as well as many medium and large cities in the Moscow region, industrial center, where here to be the traditional crafts were maintained. Thus, two toy factories were built in Sagorsk who used also the old traditions of the local wood carvers craft. In particular, the world-renowned Matrjoschkas be mentioned. The older production of the local wood carvers were issued in 1918 founded the Toy Museum of the city, where they can be seen today.

With the breakdown of the communist system in the Soviet Union in the late 1980s also attracted the spiritual life after Sagorsk back: The monastery was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church, and in 1991 the Council of People 's Deputies of Moscow Oblast, the city decided its old name Sergiev Posad to give back what was effectively the same year. In 1993, the monastery ensemble of the UNESCO has been included in the list of world cultural heritage. Following the surrender of the monastery to the Church established itself here in addition to tourism and slowly the religious life.

By 2008, almost all parts of the monastery were renovated, and today it is visited by pilgrims and tourists increased again.

Attractions

The main tourist attraction is the Trinity Sergiev Possads monastery, which is widely visible in the center of the city. The oldest building within the monastery is built in the 1422 Trinity Cathedral, which is considered the core of the ensemble. Other churches of the monastery include the Nikon 's Church ( 1552), the Assumption Cathedral (1585 ), the Church of Our Lady of Smolensk ( 1746-53 ) and the 88 -meter high bell tower ( 1741-68 ); in total there are 13 churches in the monastery area. Interesting addition to the churches and the refectory and the Tsar's chambers (both 1686-92 ), the building of the Patriarch residence (1778 ) and the family tomb of Godunov's ( 1782, is also the burial place of Grand Duke Boris Godunov ). Overall, the ensemble includes 40 buildings that were built from the 15th to the late 19th century.

Not far from the monastery walls, on the opposite bank of the winemaker pond, the Sergiev Poss vein Toy Museum, which has existed since 1918 and is home to various products of toy makers from all over Russia and from indigenous wood carvers is. In the historical center of Sergiev Possads are outside the monastery walls also several historic churches, including the Church Friday ( 1547), the Prophet Elijah Church ( 1773) and the Assumption Church ( 1766-79 ).

Economy and infrastructure

The most important industry in Sergiev Posad is tourism, which aims especially the Trinity Monastery. Besides tourism, the industry plays a significant role in the economic life of the city, including the manufacture of toys, food and light industry, mechanical engineering and the chemical industry. Experienced, not least because of tourism, the retail in Sergiev Posad since the 2000s, a boom. In Sergiev Posad is the power plant Sagorsk, the only pumped storage power plant in Russia.

Traffic

The city has with its location on the highway M8 (Moscow - Severodvinsk ), the ring road A108 and two railway lines - the Central Russian leg of the Trans-Siberian Railway (Moscow, Yaroslavl Station - Yaroslavl ) and the Great Moscow Railway Ring - good transport links to. Exist to Moscow connections with both regular bus commuter trains (also called Elektritschki ) and several bus lines. At the station of St. Sergius also keep some long-distance trains and express trains from Moscow to Yaroslavl and Rostov on Alexandrov. The breakpoint 39 kilometers of the Great Moscow railway ring is located on the northern outskirts of St. Sergius; from there there are trains to Dmitrov.

Twinning

Fulda, Germany

Sons and daughters of the town

Dmitri Kholodov (1967-1994), journalist
Vladimir Golubev (1884-1954), mathematician
Sergei Kondrashov (1923-2007), Lieutenant-General
Alexander Rou (1906-1973), Film Director
Sergei Chernikov (1912-1987), mathematician

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