Saint-Jean-de-Côle

Saint -Jean -de- Côle, okz. Sent Joan De Cola, is a commune with 356 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2011 ) in the north of the Dordogne in the Aquitaine region.

Thanks to numerous historic buildings, she was chosen as one of the most beautiful villages in France. The inhabitants " Jean- Colois " or " Jean- Coloises " call themselves.

Etymology

Saint -Jean -de- Côle, Occitan Sent Joan De Cola, is derived from the Saint John River and the name Côle or cola.

Geography

Saint -Jean -de- Côle, 16 kilometers east-northeast of Brantome, 18 kilometers southeast of Nontron and 6 kilometers west of Thiviers (air line). The community is surrounded by the following neighboring communities:

• Saint -Martin -de- Fressengeas in the North
• Saint- Romain -et -Saint -Clément in the East
• Thiviers in the southeast (only one point of contact )
• Vaunac in the southeast
• Saint- Pierre -de- Côle the south and southwest and
• Villars in the West.

In addition to the community center consists of the following hamlets and villages:

Barradis, Bellevue, Bonis, Boudeau, Château Trompette, Chautran, Chez Capayou, Font Close, Forêt Mêlée, Fraisse, Jouvent, L' Eyrissou, La Boine, La Bouchonnierie, La Combette, La Croix des Jarthes, La Font Pepie, La Forêt, La Maison Brûlée, La Picarette, Le Mazelier, Le Poteau, Les bath, Les Ferrieres, Les Débats, Les Granges, Les Pelouses, Les Roches, Mongeoffroy, Neuville, Pierroy, Pirou, Pont de Lavaud, Puychadier and Puymeriller.

The municipality is traversed in a south-westerly direction from the Côle, as the right tributary receives the coming from the north Queue d' Ane at Pont de Lavaud. South of the center receives the Côle two left branches, the current flowing to the west Ruisseau de Bonis and further south the Ruisseau de la Font Pepie. Also made two other ( unnamed ) small side branches that flow north-west of the town center and at Neuville in the Côle on her right side of the valley.

The topographically lowest point in the municipal area of 135 meters above sea level is located at the Côle at Boudeau on the southern border, the highest point at 252 meters is located on the northeast corner. The absolute difference in altitude is 117 meters.

Geology

At the northern border of the municipality of Saint -Jean -de- Côle just metamorphic basement rocks of the north-western Massif Central are encountered. This is mica schist, which are digested at Pont de Lavaud along the south-southeast - trending edge here disorder. A little further to the east in Côletal are also still leptynitische eyes gneisses, which have emerged from the Ordovician granites and are part of the arch of Saint -Yrieix. Your foliation sweeps east-southeast and falls with a 36 ° to the north- northeast.

About the bedrock transgredierten the flat-lying sediments of the northern Aquitaine basin. The layer sequence recognized at the lower Hettang a - sandstones, coarse sands and conglomerates, look at the former railway station. In follow dolomites, dolomitic marl and fine-grained sandstones of the Oberhettangs, and clastic limestones and Oolithkalke of Sinemuriums, which can also be designed dolomitic. The following Pliensbachian is on at Pont de Lavaud on the right side of the valley Côle. It is composed of coarse sandstones and dolomitic sandstones. Lie About the Pliensbachian shales and gray Megel of Toarciums and Aaleniums, pending on the western edge of the town center. The subsequent Oberbajoc builds up from an alternating sequence of cryptocrystalline limestones, limestones and bioklastischen Oolithkalken. The Unterbathon is characterized by Oolithkalken. The series of Jura ends with the Mittelbathon west of Boudeau also an alternation of cryptocrystalline and bioklastischen limestones, which are embedded in lignithaltige mudstones.

The slopes left and right of the Côle are largely obscured by Pleistocene colluvium. This river gravel are migration and processing products of higher-lying, possibly reaching back into the Pliocene gravel masses ( Fs formation ) that were deposited mainly along the western and the eastern border. In the south of Côletals can be found on the left side of the valley a würmzeitliche lower terrace. All floodplains are filled by recent sediments. By crossing the main fault, the Côletal widened abruptly; the valley of the slightly meandering Côle is then up to 600 meters wide.

The main fault has caused a silicification of Hettangiums. Oberbajoc and Unterbathon can at times also recrystallized occur.

A large-scale surface mining company Imerys on the left Côleseite at Boudeau promotes quartz pebbles as silicon raw material from the ballast masses.

Ecology

The valleys of the Côle and the queue d' Âne form worthy of protection ecotopes first order (French zone naturelle d' interet faunistique et floristic or short ZNIEFF ) up the valley from the former railway station.

History

In the year 1083 is of Raynaud de Thiviers, Archbishop of Périgueux, founded in Saint -Jean -de- Côle a Augustinerpriorat. To this spiritual center entwickeltete to point out a small village. Around the same time also arises the Château de la Marthonie castle. The bridge over the Côle dates from the twelfth century. In the same century the local church Saint -Jean Baptiste is built, at that time still belonged to the priory. During the Hundred Years' War plunder and destroy the British in 1394 the priory and castle, the monks are sold. The Englishman then fix the place and hold it until 1404. 1436 is from Pope Eugene IV, the reconstruction of the Priory under way. Saint -Jean -de- Côle also suffers greatly from the Huguenot wars; passing troops ravage the place and the Protestants sell the property of the clergy. At the request of the Archbishop of Périgueux, the reconstruction work will be undertaken in 1669, the clergy will be forced to join the Congregation of de France. This congregation is dissolved in Saint -Jean -de- Côle during the French Revolution, expelled the religious men, the building sold and burned books and manuscripts. On the Cassini map from 1756 to 1789 the village is mentioned as Saint Jean de Colle. In the Nineteenth century, the community experienced with the construction of the railway Angoulême - Brive a new boom and at that time had more than 800 inhabitants.

Demographics

Source: INSEE

The population figures in Saint -Jean -de- Côle declined until 1968, but have since recovered again. The general decline was compliant with the rest of the canton Thiviers, the population density is, however, lower than in the canton. The municipality had 1886 inhabitants in 1107 yet.

Attractions

• The Augustinerpriorat from the eleventh century. The present building dates back to the fifteenth century. Monument historique since 2003.
• The local church Saint -Jean Baptiste from the Twelfth Century, Monument historique since 1862.
• The Côlebrücke from the 12th century, Monument historique since 1925.
• The Château de la Marthonie (or Marthonye ) castle of the 12th century. The building received comes from the Fourteenth Century. Monument historique since 1943. Opened for visitors.
• The half-timbered houses in the rue du Fond, rebuilt in the fourteenth century.

Infrastructure

Transport links

The town of Saint -Jean -de- Côle is traversed by the D 707 of Nontron after Thiviers. On it hits southwest of the D 78 of Brantome. Saint -Jean -de- Côle can also be reached via the D 98 of Villars in the west. A local road leads from the village to the north of the former station and then on to Saint- Romain. A branch at the station to the left connects to Saint -Martin -de- Fressengeas in the north. On the right side of the valley Côle a municipal road climbs the ridge behind Neuville and follow it to the southwest to La Chapelle- Faucher. The left side is another local road follows the Côle the little stream Ruisseau de la Font Pepie up the valley and binds at Saint Clement again to the 707.

Saint -Jean -de- Côle had formerly a railway station along the now disused railway line Angoulême - Nontron - Thiviers Brive. The route now serves as a popular bike and walking path.

Distance footpath

Due to the northwestern part of the municipality of GR 654 runs (formerly GR 436) Coming here pulls a loop of Saint- Saud- Lacoussière and then further to Brantome.

Way of St. James

Saint -Jean -de- Côle station is on the Camino de Santiago La Coquille chance after charging ( Via Lemovicensis ).