List of state leaders in 1610
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Africa
- Ethiopia Kaiser ( Negus Nagast ): Susenyos ( 1607-1632 )
- Bamum ( in present-day Cameroon) King: Ngapina (1590-1629)
- Bornu ( in present-day Niger) Sefuwa Dynasty King / May: Muhammad VI. Bukalmarami (1596-1612)
- Jolof ( in present-day Senegal) Buur -ba Jolof: Birayma Penda (1605-1649)
- Kano King: Muhammad Zaki (1582-1618)
- Congo Mani Congo: Alvaro II (1587-1614)
- Morocco ( Saadian ) (1610 in Fes and Marrakesh division ) Sultan: Zaydan an Nasr (1603-1610)
- Fes Sultan al- Mamun (1610-1613)
- Sultan: Zaydan an Nasr (1610-1628)
- Munhumutapa Empire Ruler: Gatsi Rusere (1589-1623)
- Rwanda King: Ruganzu II (1600-1624)
- Sultanate of Sennar ( in modern Sudan ) Sultan: Adlan I. ( 1606-1611/12 )
America
- Brazil (1608-1612 allocation in Bahia and Rio de Janeiro) Bahia Governor General: Diogo de Meneses e Sequeira (1608-1613)
- Governor General Francisco de Sousa (1609-1611) (1590-1602 Governor General of Brazil)
- Viceroyalty of New Spain Viceroy Luis de Velasco (el joven ) ( 1590-1595 ), ( 1607-1611 ) ( 1596-1604 Viceroy of Peru)
- Viceroyalty of Peru Viceroy Juan Manuel de Mendoza y Luna (1607-1615) (1603-1607 Viceroy of New Spain )
Asia
- Burma Arakan King: Razagri (1593-1612)
- King: Anaukpetlun (1606-1628)
- Brunei Sultan Hassan (1605-1619)
- China ( Ming Dynasty ) Kaiser: Wanli (1572-1620)
- Georgia Imereti King Giorgi III. (1605-1639)
- King: Teimuraz I. (1605-1614, 1615-1616, 1623-1633, 1636-1648)
- King: Luarsab II (1605-1616)
- Prince Mamuka I. Dadiani (1590-1611)
- India Ahom (now in Assam ) King: Susenghphaa (1603-1641)
- Ahmadnagar Sultan: Murtaza Shah II (1600-1610)
- Sultan: Burhan Nizam Shah III. (1610-1631)
- Sultan Amir Barid Shah III. (1609-1619)
- Sultan Ibrahim Adil Shah II (1580-1627)
- Sultan Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah (1580-1612)
- Nayak: Muttu Virappa Nayak (1609-1623)
- Mughal: Jahangir (1605-1627)
- Maharaja: Wadiyar I (1578-1617)
- Viceroy Rui Lourenço de Távora (1609-1612)
- King: Venkata II (1586-1614)
- Indonesia Aceh Sultan Iskandar Muda I. (1607-1636)
- Sultan Alauddin Shah Riayat III. (1597-1615)
- Governor-General Pieter Both (1610-1614)
- Japan Emperor ( Tenno ): Go- Yozei ( 1586-1611 )
- Shogun Tokugawa Hidetada (1605-1623)
- Cambodia King: Barom Reachea IV (1603-1618)
- Kazakh Khanate Khan: Yesim Khan ( 1598-1628/35 )
- Korea ( Joseon Dynasty ) King: Gwanghaegun (1608-1623)
- Lan Xang (now Laos) King: Voravongse II (1596-1621)
- Nepal Bhaktapur King: Trailokya Malla (1560-1613)
- King: Siva Simha Malla (1583-1619) (1609-1619 King of Lalipur )
- King: Siva Simha Malla (1609-1619) (1583-1619 king of Kantipur )
- Persia ( Safavid dynasty ) Shah Abbas I (1587-1629)
- Philippines Maguindanao Sultan: According Buisan (1597-1619)
- Sultan: Muwallil Wasit (1610-1650)
- Sri Lanka Jaffna King: Ethirimana Cinkam (1591-1616)
- King: Senarat (1604-1629)
- Governor General: Jerónimo de Azevedo (1594-1613) (1612-1617 Viceroy of Portuguese India )
- Thailand ( Ayutthaya ) King: Ekathotsarot (1605-1610)
- King: Si Saowaphak (1610-1611)
- Vietnam Cao Bằng (Mac Dynasty) King: Mac Kinh Cung (1593-1625)
- King: Po Ramé (1627-1644)
- King: Lê Kinh Tông (1600-1619)
- Ruler: Nguyễn Hoàng (1558-1613)
- Ruler: Trinh Tung (1570-1623)
Europe
- Andorra Co - Prince: King of France: Henry IV (1562-1610)
- King of France: Louis XIII. (1610-1643)
- Bishop of Urgell: Bernat de Salba Salba i de (1610-1620)
- Denmark and Norway King Christian IV (1588-1648)
- England, Ireland and Scotland King, James I (1603-1625) (. 1567-1625 as James VI of Scotland )
- France King: Henry IV (1589-1610)
- King, Louis XIII. (1610-1643)
- Holy Roman Empire King and Emperor Rudolf II (1576-1612) (1575-1611 King of Bohemia, 1576-1608 Archduke of Austria, King of Hungary 1576-1608 )
- Electoral College Archbishopric of Cologne Elector Ernst of Bavaria (1583-1612) (1566-1612 Bishop of Freising, 1573-1612 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1581-1612 Bishop of Liege, 1584-1612 Bishop of Münster, 1581-1612 Abbot of Stavelot - Malmedy)
- Elector Johann Schweikhard of Kronberg (1604-1626)
- Elector Lothar von Metternich (1599-1623)
- Elector: Rudolf II (1575-1611) (1576-1612 Emperor 1576-1608 King of Hungary, 1576-1608 Archduke of Austria )
- Elector Johann Sigismund (1608-1619) (1608-1619 duke of Prussia)
- Elector Friedrich IV (1583-1610)
- Elector Friedrich V (1610-1623) (1619-1620 King of Bohemia )
- Elector Christian II (1591-1611)
- Bishopric of Augsburg Bishop: Henry V of Knöringen (1599-1646)
- Bishop Johann Gottfried I of Aschhausen (1609-1622) (1617-1622 Bishop of Würzburg)
- Bishop: William Rinck of Baldenstein (1608-1628)
- Propst: Ferdinand of Bavaria (1594-1650) (1612-1650 Archbishop of Cologne, 1612-1650 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1612-1650 Bishop of Liege, 1612-1650 Bishop of Münster, 1618-1650 Bishop of Paderborn, 1612-1650 Abbot of Stavelot - Malmedy)
- Administrator: John Frederick of Schleswig -Holstein - Gottorp (1596-1634) (1607-1634 Administrator of Lübeck, 1631-1634 Administrator of Verden)
- Bishop: Christoph Andreas von Spaur (1601-1613)
- Archbishop Jean Richardot (1609-1614)
- Administrator: Francis of Pomerania (1602-1618) (1618-1620 Duke of Pomerania - Stettin)
- Bishop: John V Flugi (1601-1627)
- Abt: Dietrich von Beringhausen (1585-1616)
- High - and German masters: Maximilian of Austria (1590-1618)
- Bishop Johann Konrad von Gemmingen (1594-1612)
- Propst: Johann Christoph von Westerstetten (1603-1613) (1612-1637 Bishop of Eichstätt )
- Bishop: Ernest of Bavaria (1566-1612) (1583-1612 Archbishop of Cologne, 1573-1612 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1581-1612 Bishop of Liege, 1584-1612 Bishop of Münster, 1581-1612 Abbot of Stavelot - Malmedy)
- Abt: Johann Friedrich von Schwalbach (1606-1622)
- Administrator: Heinrich Julius of Brunswick- Wolfenbüttel (1566-1613) (1589-1613 Duke of Brunswick -Wolfenbüttel, 1582-1585 Administrator of Minden )
- Bishop: Ernest of Bavaria (1573-1612) (1583-1612 Archbishop of Cologne, 1566-1612 Bishop of Freising, 1581-1612 Bishop of Liege, 1584-1612 Bishop of Münster, 1581-1612 Abbot of Stavelot - Malmedy)
- Abbot Heinrich von Ulm- Long Rhine (1607-1616)
- Bishop Jakob Fugger (1604-1626)
- Administrator: John Frederick of Schleswig -Holstein - Gottorp (1607-1634) (1596-1634 Administrator of Bremen, 1631-1634 Administrator of Verden)
- Bishop: Ernest of Bavaria (1581-1612) (1583-1612 Archbishop of Cologne, 1566-1612 Bishop of Freising, 1573-1612 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1584-1612 Bishop of Münster, 1581-1612 Abbot of Stavelot - Malmedy)
- Administrator: Christian Wilhelm of Brandenburg (1598-1631) (1625-1628 Administrator of Halberstadt )
- Administrator: Christian of Brunswick -Lüneburg (1599-1625) (1611-1633 Duke of Brunswick -Lüneburg )
- Bishop: Ernest of Bavaria (1584-1612) (1583-1612 Archbishop of Cologne, 1566-1612 Bishop of Freising, 1573-1612 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1581-1612 Bishop of Liege, 1581-1612 Abbot of Stavelot - Malmedy)
- Administrator: Philipp Sigismund von Braunschweig -Wolfenbüttel (1591-1623) (1586-1623 Administrator of Verden)
- Bishop: Dietrich von Fürstenberg (1585-1616)
- Bishop Leopold of Austria (1958-1626) ( to 1605 coadjutor ) ( 1607-1626 Bishop of Strasbourg)
- Administrator: Charles of Mecklenburg (1592-1610) (1603-1610 Duke of Mecklenburg- Güstrow )
- Administrator: August I of Brunswick -Lüneburg (1610-1636) (1633-1636 Duke of Brunswick -Lüneburg )
- Bishop Wolfgang von Hausen (1600-1613) (1584-1603 provost of Ellwangen )
- Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau (1587-1612)
- Administrator: Ulrich II of Denmark (1603-1624)
- Bishop Eberhard of Dienheim (1581-1610)
- Bishop: Philipp Christoph von Sötern (1610-1652) (1623-1652 Archbishop of Trier)
- Abt: Ernest of Bavaria (1581-1612) (1583-1612 Archbishop of Cologne, 1566-1612 Bishop of Freising, 1573-1612 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1581-1612 Bishop of Liege, 1584-1612 Bishop of Münster)
- Bishop Leopold of Austria (1607-1626) (1598-1605 Coadjutor of Passau, 1605-1626 Bishop of Passau)
- Bishop Carlo Gaudenzio Madruzzo (1600-1629)
- Administrator: Philipp Sigismund von Braunschweig -Wolfenbüttel (1586-1623) (1591-1623 Administrator of Osnabrück)
- Bishop: William of Efferen (1604-1616)
- Bishop Julius Real Mespelbrunn (1573-1617) (1576-1602 Administrator of Fulda)
- Principality of Anhalt Anhalt- Bernburg Prince: Christian I. (1603-1630)
- Prince Johann Georg I (1603-1618) (1586-1603 Prince of Anhalt )
- Prince Ludwig I (1603-1650)
- Prince Rudolf (1603-1621)
- Prince Karl (1576-1616) (1568-1576 Graf)
- Baden -Baden (1594-1622 of Baden-Durlach occupied ) Margrave Georg Friedrich (1604-1622)
- Margrave Georg Friedrich (1604-1622)
- Duke Maximilian I. (1597-1651) (from 1648 Elector ) ( 1623-1648 Elector Palatine )
- Margrave Joachim Ernst (1603-1625)
- Margrave Christian (1603-1655)
- Duke Ernst II (1592-1611)
- Duke Heinrich Julius (1589-1613) (1566-1613 Administrator of Halberstadt, 1582-1585 Administrator of Minden )
- Landgraf Ludwig V. (1596-1626)
- Landgrave Moritz the Scholar (1592-1627)
- Landgraf: George IV, Ludwig (1567-1613)
- Prince: Charles I (1608-1627)
- Duke: Henry II (1608-1624)
- Mecklenburg- Güstrow Duke: Charles I (1603-1610) (1592-1610 Administrator of Ratzeburg )
- Duke Adolf Friedrich I (1592-1628, 1631-1658) (1631-1648 Administrator of Schwerin )
- Archduke Matthias (1608-1619) (1612-1619 Emperor 1611-1617 King of Bohemia, King of Hungary 1608-1619 )
- Count Philipp Ludwig (1569-1614)
- Duke: Georg Gustav (1592-1634)
- Duke: John II (1604-1635)
- Pomerania -Stettin Duke: Philip II (1606-1618)
- Duke Philipp Julius (1592-1625)
- Saxe-Altenburg Duke Johann Philipp (1603-1639)
- Duke Johann Casimir (1586-1633)
- Duke Johann Ernst (1596-1638)
- Duke Johann Ernst I (1605-1620)
- Duke: Franz II (1581-1619)
- Duke Johann Adolf (1590-1616) (1585-1596 Administrator of Bremen, 1586-1607 Administrator of Lübeck)
- Duke Johann (1564-1622)
- Duke Johann Friedrich (1608-1628)
- Hanau -Lichtenberg Count Johann Reinhard I. (1599-1625)
- Count Philipp Ludwig II (1580-1612)
- Count Johann Christoph (1592-1620)
- Count Johann Georg (1605-1623) (from 1623 Prince )
- Count Johann (1605-1638) (from 1623 Prince )
- Count Simon VI. (1563-1613)
- Ottonian line Nassau- Beilstein Count Georg (1607-1620) (1620-1623 Count of Nassau - Dillenburg )
- Graf Ernst Casimir (1607-1632) (1620-1632 governor of Friesland, 1625-1632 governor of Groningen and Drenthe)
- Count Wilhelm Ludwig (1607-1620) (1584-1620 governor of Friesland, Groningen and Drenthe)
- Count Johann Ludwig (1607-1653) (since 1650 Fürst)
- Count Johann VII (1607-1623)
- Nassau- Saarbrücken and Nassau -Weilburg Graf: Ludwig II (1602-1627) (1593-1602 Count of Nassau - Ottweiler )
- Count Anton Günther (1603-1667)
- Graf: George IV (1603-1627)
- Count Enno III. (1599-1625)
- Reuss elder branch Reuss- Burgk Mr. :: Henry II (1608-1639)
- Lord Henry III. (1608-1616)
- Lord Henry IV (1608-1616) (1616-1636 Lord of Reuss - Döhlau )
- Lord Henry IV (1604-1616) (1616-1625 Lord of Reuss - Greiz, 1625-1629 Lord of Reuss - Obergreiz )
- Lord Henry V (1604-1616, 1625-1667) (1616-1625 Lord of Reuss - Greiz, 1643-1667 Lord of Reuss - Burgk )
- Reuss- Obergreiz Mr. Heinrich XVIII. (1578-1597, 1607-1616) (1596-1616 Lord of Reuss - Schleiz )
- Mr. Heinrich XVIII. (1596-1616) (1578-1597, 1607-1616 Lord of Reuss - Obergreiz )
- Reuss- Gera Lord Henry II (1572-1635)
- Count: Ernst (1601-1622)
- Count Karl Günther (1605-1630)
- Count: Günther XLII. (1586-1643)
- Count Anton Heinrich (1586-1638)
- Count Johann Günther II (1586-1631)
- Graf: Christian Günther I. (1586-1642)
- Graf: Wolrad IV (1607-1640) (1588-1607 Count of Waldeck )
- Graf: Christian (1607-1637) (1588-1607 Count of Waldeck )
- Italian States Genoa Doge Agostino Pinello Luciani (1609-1611)
- Graf: Ferrante II Gonzaga (1575-1632) (from 1621 Herzog)
- Pope Paul V (1605-1621)
- Duke: Philip III. of Spain (1598-1621) Governor Pedro Enríquez de Acevedo (1600-1610)
- Governor Juan Fernández de Velasco (1592-1595, 1595-1600, 1610-1612)
- Duke Vincenzo Gonzaga I (1587-1612)
- Prince: I. Alberico Cybo - Malaspina (1554-1623)
- Prince Alessandro I. Pico (1602-1637) ( Duke 1619 )
- Duke Cesare d' Este (1597-1628)
- Duke Vincenzo Gonzaga I (1587-1612)
- King Philip III. of Spain (1598-1621) Viceroy Juan Alonso Pimentel de Herrera, Duke of Benavente (1603-1610)
- Viceroy Pedro Fernández de Castro y Andrade, Count of Lemos (1610-1616)
- Duke: Ranuccio I Farnese (1592-1622)
- Prince: Emperor Rudolf II (1603-1611)
- Captains Regent: Girolamo Gozi and Lattanzio Valli (1609-1610)
- Captains Regent: Fabrizio Belluzzi and Giambattista Fabbri (1610 )
- Captains Regent: Gio. Andrea Belluzzi and Sebastiano Onofri (1610-1611)
- Duke: Charles Emmanuel I (1580-1630)
- King Philip III. of Spain (1598-1621) Viceroy Juan Fernández Pacheco, Duke of Escalona (1606-1610)
- Governor: Cardinal Giovanni Doria (1610-1611, 1616, 1624-1626, 1639-1641 )
- Grand Duke Cosimo II de ' Medici (1609-1621)
- Duke Francesco Maria II della Rovere (1574-1631)
- Doge Leonardo Dona (1606-1612)
- Khanate of Crimea Khan: Canibek Giray (1610-1623, 1628-1635)
- Kurland Duke Friedrich Kettler (1595-1616, 1617-1642) ( in Semgallen )
- Duke Wilhelm Kettler (1595-1616) ( in Courland)
- Malta Grand Master: Alof de Wignacourt (1601-1622)
- Moldova ( under Ottoman suzerainty ) Prince Constantin Movilă (1607, 1607-1611 )
- Monaco Seigneur: Honoré II (1604-1662) (from 1633 Prince )
- Netherlands ( rule controversial Eighty Years' War ) Republic of the Seven United Provinces ( until 1648 formally part of the Holy Roman Empire ) Friesland Governor Wilhelm Ludwig of Nassau- Dillenburg (1584-1620) (1606-1620 Count of Nassau - Dillenburg )
- Governor Wilhelm Ludwig of Nassau- Dillenburg (1584-1620) (1606-1620 Count of Nassau - Dillenburg )
- Governor: Maurice of Orange (1585-1625)
- Governor: Maurice of Orange (1590-1625)
- Governor: Maurice of Orange (1589-1625)
- Governor: Albert VII of Habsburg (1596-1621) (1583-1585 Viceroy of Portugal)
- Governess: Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain (1598-1621)
- Ottoman Empire Sultan Ahmed I (1603-1617)
- Poland King Sigismund III. Vasa (1587-1632) (1592-1599 King of Sweden )
- Portugal (1580-1640 personal union with Spain) King, Philip II (1598-1621) (1598-1621 King of Spain ) Viceroy: Cristóbal de Moura, Marquis of Castel Rodrigo (1600-1603, 1603, 1608-1612 )
- Prussia Duke Johann Sigismund (1608-1619) (1608-1619 Elector of Brandenburg)
- Russia Zar: Vasily IV (1606-1610)
- Zar: Władysław Vasa (1610-1613) (1632-1648 King of Poland )
- Sweden King Karl IX. (1599-1611) ( to 1604 Regent )
- Transylvania Prince Gabriel Báthory (1608-1613)
- Spain King Philip III. (1598-1621) (1598-1621 king of Portugal)
- Hungary King Matthias II (1608-1619) (1612-1619 Emperor 1611-1617 King of Bohemia, 1608-1619 Archduke of Austria )
- Wallachia ( under Ottoman suzerainty ) Voivode Radu Şerban (1602-1611)