List of state leaders in 1641

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Africa

• Ethiopia Kaiser ( Negus Nagast ): Fasilides ( 1632-1667 )

• Bamum ( in present-day Cameroon) King: Ngouloure (1629-1672)

• Bornu ( in present-day Niger) Sefuwa Dynasty King / May: Ali II (1639-1677)

• Dahomey King: Dakodonu (1620-1645)

• Jolof ( in present-day Senegal) Buur -ba Jolof: Birayma Penda (1605-1649)

• Kano King: Kutumbi (1623-1648)

• Congo Mani Congo: Alvaro VI. (1636-1642)

• Morocco Fez ( Saadi ) Sultan Ahmad ibn Zaydan (1626-1641)

• Sultan Muhammad V. al - Aschgar (1636-1641) (1641-1654 in Fes and Marrakech )

• Munhumutapa Empire Ruler: Mavura Mhande Felipe (1629-1652)

• Rwanda King: Mutara I. (1624-1648)

• Sultanate of Sennar ( in modern Sudan ) Sultan: Rabat I. ( 1616/17-1644/45 )

America

• Brazil Governor General Vasco de Mascarenhas (1639-1640) (1663-1667 Viceroy of Brazil)
• Viceroy: Jorge de Mascarenhas (1640-1641)
• Provisional Government Junta: Pedro da Silva Sampaio, Luís Barbalho Bezerra, Lourenço de Brito Correia (1641-1642)

• Viceroyalty of New Spain Viceroy: Diego López Pacheco Cabrera y Bobadilla de (1640-1642)

• Viceroyalty of Peru Viceroy Pedro Alvarez de Toledo y Leiva (1639-1648)

Asia

• Burma Arakan King: Narapati (1638-1645)

• King: Thalun (1629-1648)

• Brunei Sultan Abdul Jailul Akhbar (1619-1649)

• China ( Ming Dynasty ) Kaiser: Chongzhen (1627-1644)

• Georgia Imereti King Alexander III. (1639-1660)

• King: Teimuraz I. (1605-1614, 1615-1616, 1623-1633, 1636-1648)

• King Rostom (1634-1658)

• Prince Levan II Dadiani (1611-1657)

• India Ahom ( Assam ) King: Susenghphaa (1603-1641)
• King: Suramphaa (1641-1644)

• Bijapur Sultan Mohammed Adil Shah (1627-1656)

• Sultan Abdullah Qutb Shah (1626-1672)

• Nayak: Thirumalai Nayak (1623-1659)

• Mughal emperor Shah Jahan (1627-1657)

• Maharaja: Narasaraja Wodeyar I (1638-1659)

• Viceroy: João da Silva Telo e Meneses (1640-1644, 1651)

• King: Venkata III. (1632-1642)

• Indonesia Aceh Sultan: skandar II Thani Ala (1636-1641)

• Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah III. (1623-1677)

• Governor-General Antonio van Diemen (1636-1645)

• Japan Empress ( Tenno ): meisho ( 1629-1643 )
• Shogun Tokugawa Iemitsu (1623-1651)

• Cambodia King: Non Ang I. (1640-1642)

• Kazakh Khanate Khan Jahangir Khan (1628-1652)

• Korea ( Joseon Dynasty ) King: Injo (1623-1649)

• Lan Xang (now Laos) King: Sulingvongse (1638-1690)

• Manchu Great Khan: Huang Taiji (1626-1643)

• Nepal Bhaktapur King: Naresha Malla (1637-1644)

• King: Lakshminarasimha Malla (1620-1641)
• King Pratap Malla (1641-1674)

• King Siddhi Narasimha (1620-1661)

• Persia ( Safavid dynasty ) Shah Safi I (1629-1642)

• Philippines Maguindanao Sultan Muhammad Dipatuan Kudarat (1619-1671) (1645-1648 Sultan of Sulu )

• Sultan: Muwallil Wasit (1610-1650)

• Sri Lanka Kandy King Rajasinha II (1629-1687)

• Governor Jan Thyszoon Payart (1640-1646)

• Governor: Filipe Mascarenhas (1630-1631, 1640-1645) (1644-1651 Viceroy of Portuguese India )

• Thailand ( Ayutthaya ) King Prasat Thong (1629-1656)

• Vietnam Cao Bằng (Mac Dynasty) Ruler: Mac Kinh Vũ (1638-1677)

• King: Po Ramé (1627-1644)

• King: Lê Than Tông (1619-1643, 1649-1662)

• Ruler: Trang Trinh (1623-1657)

Europe

• Andorra Co - Prince: King of France: Louis XIII. (1610-1643)
• Bishop of Urgell: Pau Duran (1634-1651)

• Denmark and Norway King Christian IV (1588-1648)

• England, Ireland and Scotland King: Charles I (1625-1649)

• France King, Louis XIII. (1610-1643)

• Holy Roman Empire King and Emperor Ferdinand III. (1637-1657) (1637-1657 King of Bohemia, 1637-1657 Archduke of Austria, King of Hungary 1637-1657 )
• Electoral College Archbishopric of Cologne Elector Ferdinand of Bavaria (1612-1650) (1612-1650 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1612-1650 Bishop of Liege, 1612-1650 Bishop of Münster, 1618-1650 Bishop of Paderborn, 1594-1650 Provost of Berchtesgaden, 1612-1650 Abbot of Stavelot - Malmedy)

• Elector: Anselm Casimir Wambolt of Umstadt (1629-1647)

• Elector Philipp Christoph von Sötern (1623-1652) (1610-1652 Bishop of Speyer )

• Elector Ferdinand III. (1637-1657) (1637-1657 Emperor, 1637-1657 Archduke of Austria, King of Hungary 1637-1657 )

• Elector Friedrich Wilhelm (1640-1688) (1640-1688 duke of Prussia)

• Elector Maximilian I of Bavaria (1623-1648) (1597-1648 Duke of Bavaria, Elector of Bavaria 1648-1651 )

• Elector Johann Georg I (1611-1656)

• Bishopric of Augsburg Bishop: Henry V of Knöringen (1599-1646)

• Bishop Franz von Hatzfeld (1633-1642) (1631-1642 Bishop of Würzburg)

• Bishop Johann Heinrich von Ostein (1628-1646)

• Propst: Ferdinand of Bavaria (1594-1650) (1612-1650 Archbishop of Cologne, 1612-1650 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1612-1650 Bishop of Liege, 1612-1650 Bishop of Münster, 1618-1650 Bishop of Paderborn, 1612-1650 Abbot of Stavelot - Malmedy)

• Administrator: Frederick of Denmark (1634-1648) (1648-1670 King of Denmark and Norway, 1623-1629, 1634-1648 Administrator of Verden)

• Bishop: Wilhelm von Wels Mountain (1629-1641)
• Bishop Johann Platzgummer (1641-1647)

• Archbishop François van der Burch (1615-1644)

• Administrator: Ernst Bogislaw of Croy (1637-1650)

• Bishop: John Flugi of Aspermont (1636-1661)

• Abbot Arnold de Valdois IV (1638-1661)

• High - and German masters: Johann Kaspar von Stadion (1627-1641)
• High - and German masters: Leopold Wilhelm of Austria (1641-1662) (1631-1638 Archbishop of Magdeburg, 1628-1648 Bishop of Halberstadt, 1626-1662 Bishop of Passau, 1626-1662 Bishop of Strasbourg)

• Bishop Marquard II Schenk von Castell (1637-1685)

• Propst: Johann Jakob Blarer of Wartensee (1621-1654)

• Bishop: Veit Adam of Gepeckh (1618-1651)

• Abt: Hermann Georg von Neuhof (1635-1644)

• Administrator: Leopold Wilhelm of Austria (1628-1648) (1631-1638 Archbishop of Magdeburg, 1641-1662 Master of the Teutonic Order, 1626-1662 Bishop of Passau, 1626-1662 Bishop of Strasbourg)

• Bishop Ferdinand of Bavaria (1612-1650) (1612-1650 Archbishop of Cologne, 1612-1650 Bishop of Liege, 1612-1650 Bishop of Münster, 1618-1650 Bishop of Paderborn, 1594-1650 Provost of Berchtesgaden, 1612-1650 Abbot of Stavelot - Malmedy)

• Abt: Roman Giel of Gielsberg (1639-1673)

• Bishop Johann von Waldenburg (1627-1644)

• Administrator: Johann of Schleswig -Holstein - Gottorp (1634-1655)

• Bishop Ferdinand of Bavaria (1612-1650) (1612-1650 Archbishop of Cologne, 1612-1650 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1612-1650 Bishop of Münster, 1618-1650 Bishop of Paderborn, 1594-1650 Provost of Berchtesgaden, 1612-1650 Abbot of Stavelot - Malmedy)

• Administrator: August of Saxe- Weissenfels (1638-1680)

• Bishop Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg (1631-1648) (1626-1661 Bishop of Osnabrück, 1649-1661 Bishop of Regensburg, 1630-1631 Bishop of Verden)

• Bishop Ferdinand of Bavaria (1612-1650) (1612-1650 Archbishop of Cologne, 1612-1650 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1612-1650 Bishop of Liege, 1618-1650 Bishop of Paderborn, 1594-1650 Provost of Berchtesgaden, 1612-1650 Abbot of Stavelot - Malmedy)

• Bishop Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg (1625-1661) (1631-1648 Bishop of Minden, 1649-1661 Bishop of Regensburg, 1630-1631 Bishop of Verden)

• Bishop Ferdinand of Bavaria (1618-1650) (1612-1650 Archbishop of Cologne, 1612-1650 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1612-1650 Bishop of Liege, 1612-1650 Bishop of Münster, 1594-1650 Provost of Berchtesgaden, 1612-1650 Abbot of Stavelot - Malmedy)

• Bishop Leopold Wilhelm of Austria (1626-1662) (1631-1638 Archbishop of Magdeburg, 1641-1662 Master of the Teutonic Order, 1628-1648 Bishop of Halberstadt, 1626-1662 Bishop of Strasbourg)

• Administrator :: Gustav Adolf of Mecklenburg- Güstrow (1636-1648) (1636-1965, Duke of Mecklenburg- Güstrow )

• Bishop Albert of Toerring Stone (1613-1649)

• Archbishop of Paris Lodron (1619-1653)

• Administrator: Adolf Friedrich I of Mecklenburg -Schwerin (1634-1648) (1592-1628, 1631-1658, Duke of Mecklenburg -Schwerin )

• Bishop: Philipp Christoph von Sötern (1610-1652) (1623-1652 Archbishop of Trier)

• Abt: Ferdinand of Bavaria (1612-1650) (1612-1650 Archbishop of Cologne, 1612-1650 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1612-1650 Bishop of Liege, 1612-1650 Bishop of Münster, 1618-1650 Bishop of Paderborn, 1594-1650 Provost from Berchtesgaden )

• Bishop Leopold Wilhelm of Austria (1626-1662) (1631-1638 Archbishop of Magdeburg, 1641-1662 Master of the Teutonic Order, 1628-1648 Bishop of Halberstadt, 1626-1662 Bishop of Passau)

• Bishop: Carlo Emanuele Madruzzo (1629-1658)

• Administrator: Frederick of Denmark (1623-1629, 1634-1648) (1648-1670 King of Denmark and Norway, 1634-1648 Administrator of Bremen)

• Bishop: Georg Anton von Roden Stone (1629-1652)

• Bishop Franz von Hatzfeld (1631-1642) (1633-1642 Bishop of Bamberg)

• Principality of Anhalt Anhalt- Bernburg Prince: Christian II (1630-1656)

• Prince John Casimir (1618-1660)

• Prince Ludwig I (1603-1650)

• Prince: August (1611-1653)

• Prince: John VI. (1621-1667)

• Prince Philipp Franz (1640-1674) (from 1644 Herzog)

• Baden -Baden Margrave Wilhelm (1622-1677)

• Margrave Friedrich V (1622-1659)

• Duke Maximilian I. (1597-1651) (from 1648 Elector ) ( 1623-1648 Elector of the Palatinate )

• Margrave Albrecht II (1634-1667)

• Margrave Christian (1603-1655)

• Calenberg -Göttingen Duke: Georg (1636-1641)
• Duke Christian Ludwig (1641-1648) (1648-1665 Duke of Brunswick -Lüneburg )

• Duke Friedrich IV (1636-1648)

• Duke: August II (1635-1666)

• Landgraf: George II (1626-1661)

• Landgrave Wilhelm VI. (1637-1663)

• Prince: Eitel Frederick II (1623-1661)

• Prince: Meinrad I. (1638-1681)

• Duke Wolfgang Wilhelm (1614-1653) (1614-1653 Duke of Palatinate -Neuburg )

• Landgraf: Maximilian Adam (1621-1646)

• Prince Karl Eusebius (1627-1684)

• Duke: Charles IV (1625-1634, 1641, 1661-1675 )

• Mecklenburg- Güstrow Duke Gustav Adolf (1636-1695) ( Until 1654 under guardianship ) ( 1636-1648 Administrator of Ratzeburg )
• Ruler: Adolf Friedrich I of Mecklenburg -Schwerin (1636-1654)

• Duke Adolf Friedrich I (1592-1628, 1631-1658) (1631-1648 Administrator of Schwerin )

• Archduke Ferdinand III. (1637-1657) (1637-1657 Emperor 1637-1657 King of Bohemia, King of Hungary 1637-1657 )

• Count Wolfgang Wilhelm (1614-1653) (1614-1653 Duke of Jülich and Berg )

• Duke Leopold Ludwig (1634-1694)

• Duke Friedrich (1635-1661)

• Saxe-Altenburg Duke Friedrich Wilhelm II (1639-1669)

• Duke Albrecht (1640-1644)

• Duke Ernst I. (1640-1672) (1672-1675 Duke of Saxe- Gotha -Altenburg )

• Duke Wilhelm IV (1620-1662)

• Duke: August (1619-1656)

• Duke Friedrich III. (1616-1659)

• Duke Johann Christian (1627-1653)

• Duke Ernst Günther (1627-1689)

• Duke: August Philipp (1627-1675)

• Duke Philipp (1622-1663)

• Duke Friedrich (1624-1658)

• Duke Joachim Ernst (1622-1671)

• Duke Philipp Ludwig (1627-1689)

• Duke Eberhard III. (1628-1674)

• Hanau -Lichtenberg Count Philipp Wolfgang (1625-1641)
• Count Friedrich Casimir (1641-1685) (1641-1647 under guardianship ) (1642-1685 Count of Hanau- coins mountain )

• Count Philipp Ludwig III. (1638-1641) (1638-1641 under guardianship )
• Graf Johann Ernst (1641-1642)

• Lippe- Biesterfeld Graf: Jobst Hermann (1627-1678)

• Count Otto (1621-1657)

• Graf: Simon Philip (1636-1650)

• Ottonian line Nassau -Diez Graf Wilhelm Friedrich (1640-1664) (from 1654 Prince ) ( 1640-1664 governor of Friesland, Groningen and Drenthe)

• Count: Ludwig Heinrich (1623-1662) (from 1654 Prince )

• Count Johann Ludwig (1607-1653) ( from 1650 Prince )

• Count Johann Franz Desideratus (1638-1699) (from 1652 Prince )

• Count Johann Moritz (1623-1679) (from 1652 Prince )
• Count Georg Friedrich (1623-1674) ( 1664, Prince )
• Count Heinrich (1623-1652)

• Graf Wilhelm (1623-1642)

• Nassau- Idstein Count Johann (1629-1677) (1627-1629 Count of Nassau -Saarbrücken -Weilburg )

• Graf:
• Graf: force (1640-1642)
• Count Johann Ludwig (1640-1659) (1659-1690 Count of Nassau - Ottweiler )
• Count Gustav Adolf (1640-1677)
• Graf: Walrad (1640-1659) (1659-1688 Count of Nassau - Usingen, 1688-1702 Prince of Nassau- Usingen )

• Graf Ernst Casimir (1632-1655) (1627-1632 Count of Nassau -Saarbrücken -Weilburg )

• Count Anton Günther (1603-1667)

• Count Friedrich Casimir (1627-1658)

• Count Ulrich II (1628-1648)

• Reuss elder branch Reuss- Obergreiz Lord Henry I (1629-1681)

• Lord Henry V (1604-1616, 1625-1667) (1616-1625 Lord of Reuss - Greiz, 1643-1667 Lord of Reuss - Burgk )

• Reuss- Gera Lord Henry II (1635-1670)
• Lord Henry IX. (1635-1647) (1647-1666 Lord of Reuss - Schleiz )
• Lord Heinrich X. (1635-1647) (1647-1671 Lord of Reuss - Lobenstein )
• Lord Henry I (1640-1647) (1647-1666 Lord of Reuss - room castle, 1666-1673 Lord of Reuss - Schleiz, 1673-1692 Count of Reuss- Schleiz )

• Count Ludwig Günther I. (1612-1646) ( Blankenburg )

• Count: Günther XLII. (1586-1643)
• Graf: Christian Günther I. (1586-1642)

• Count Philipp Dietrich (1640-1645)

• Count Philipp VII (1638-1645)

• Italian States Genoa Doge Giovanni Battista Durazzo (1639-1641)
• Doge Giovanni Agostino De Marini (1641-1642)

• Duke: Ferrante III. Gonzaga (1632-1678)

• Pope Urban VIII (1623-1644)

• Duke: Philip IV of Spain (1621-1665) Governor: Diego Felipe de Guzmán (1635-1636, 1636-1641)
• Governor Juan Velasco de la Cueva, Count of Siuela (1641-1643)

• Duke Carlo II Gonzaga (1637-1665)

• Prince Carlo I. Cybo - Malaspina (1623-1662)

• Duke Alessandro Pico II (1637-1691)

• Duke Francesco I d' Este (1629-1658)

• Duke Carlo II Gonzaga (1637-1665)

• King: Philip IV of Spain (1621-1665) Viceroy: Ramiro Núñez de Guzmán, Duke of Medina de las Torres (1637-1644)

• Duke: ODOARDO I. Farnese (1622-1646)

• Prince: Niccolò Ludovisi I. (1634-1664)

• Captains Regent: Giambattista Belluzzi and Federico Gozi (1640-1641)
• Captains Regent: Giambattista Ricci and Pier Antonio Gangi ( 1641)
• Captains Regent: Sforza Cionini and Bartolomeo Ceccoli (1641-1642)

• Duke: Charles Emmanuel II (1638-1675)

• King: Philip IV of Spain (1621-1665) Viceroy Francisco de Melo (1639-1641) (1641-1644 governor of the Spanish Netherlands)
• Viceroy Juan Alfonso Enríquez de Cabrera y Colonna (1641-1644)

• Grand Duke Ferdinando II de ' Medici (1621-1670)

• Doge Francesco Erizzo (1631-1646)

• Khanate of Crimea Khan: I. Bahadir Giray (1637-1641)
• Khan Mehmed IV Giray (1641-1644, 1654-1666)

• Kurland Duke Friedrich Kettler (1595-1616, 1617-1642)

• Malta Grandmaster Jean de Lascaris - Castellar (1636-1657)

• Moldova ( under Ottoman suzerainty ) Prince Vasile Lupu (1634-1653)

• Monaco Prince: Honoré II (1604-1662) ( to 1633 Seigneur )

• Netherlands ( rule controversial Eighty Years' War ) Republic of the Seven United Provinces ( until 1648 formally part of the Holy Roman Empire ) Friesland Governor: Friedrich Wilhelm of Nassau- Diez (1640-1664) (1640-1654 Count of Nassau -Diez, 1654-1664 Prince of Nassau -Diez )

• Governor: Friedrich Wilhelm of Nassau- Diez (1640-1664) (1640-1654 Count of Nassau -Diez, 1654-1664 Prince of Nassau -Diez )

• Governor: Frederick Henry of Orange (1625-1647)

• Governor: Frederick Henry of Orange (1625-1647)

• Governor: Frederick Henry of Orange (1625-1647)

• Governor: Ferdinand of Spain (1633-1641) (1633-1634 governor of Milan )
• Governor Francisco de Melo (1641-1644) (1639-1641 Viceroy of Sicily)

• Ottoman Empire Sultan Ibrahim (1640-1648)

• Poland King Władysław IV Vasa (1632-1648) (1610-1613 Tsar of Russia)

• Portugal King: John IV (1640-1656)

• Prussia Duke Friedrich Wilhelm (1640-1688) (1640-1688 Elector of Brandenburg)

• Russia Czar: Michael I. (1613-1645)

• Sweden Queen Christina I. (1632-1654) ( to 1644 under guardianship ) Regent: Axel Oxenstierna (1632-1644)

• Transylvania Prince: George I Rákóczi (1630-1648)

• Spain King: Philip IV (1621-1665) (1621-1640 king of Portugal)

• Hungary King Ferdinand III. (1637-1657) (1637-1657 Emperor 1637-1657 King of Bohemia, 1637-1657 Archduke of Austria )

• Wallachia ( under Ottoman suzerainty ) Voivod: Matei Basarab (1632-1654)