Simplonpass

Simplon Pass Height: mountain lake

The Simplon Pass or short Simplon ( Sempione Italian ) is a road mountain pass in the Swiss Alps and is part of the national highway A9. It is a national road third class.

Geography

He combines 2,005 m above sea level. M. the Rhône valley in the canton of Valais with the Val d' Ossola in the Italian province of Verbano -Cusio -Ossola and Lake Maggiore. The pass road begins on the north side in Brig and leads to the Simplon Pass ( coordinates 645708/122228 ) with the hospice. On the south side of the pass follows the already acting southern village of Simplon and the border village of Gondo. In Italy the towns Demoiselle, Varzo and Domodossola follow.

On the south side of the glaciated Fletschhorn towers above the pass road.

On the pass there are two natural lakes, the Rotelsee behind the hospice, and the Hopschelsee, which lies on the other side of the valley. In recent years, two other lakes are still been artificially created.

History

Around the middle of the 17th century, the pass from the holder of the salt monopoly Kaspar Jodok Stockalper was expanded. At the summit he built the almshouse and Gondo in a warehouse, the so-called Stockalperturm. The goods were out at this time with mules over the pass ( the so-called " seams "). This traditional method of transporting goods was common in the Valais to the 20th century.

The pass got its national significance only after Napoleon I. 1801-1805 a fortified pass road had built to make the pass for his artillery passable. Since that time, the Simplon was passable with stagecoaches. 1801 began on Napoleon's orders the construction of the Simplon Hospice, which by the Augustinian canons of the Hospice on the Great St. Bernard Pass was completed in 1831.

When planning the national road network mid-20th century, the pass road was added to the national highway network as A9 and expanded in the 70s and 80s by the construction of numerous bridges, such as Ganter and galleries, winter safely. The historical Napoleon Street was destroyed long stretches. Today, the Simplon is considered the bestausgebaute pass crossing Switzerland and has become a transit route for heavy traffic, the annual of around 80,000 trucks (2007) is busy. Although it is a national road at the Simplon road, the pass can be traveled by bike.

Under the passport of the built 1898-1921 Simplon tunnel leads through a railway base tunnel. The pass is a shooting range for periodic exercises of the artillery of the Swiss Army.

Tourism

In the Simplon area hikes can be undertaken, such as the trail from the Simplon Hospice to the village of Simplon, walking time about 4 ½ hours. The Simplon Pass is accessed from Brig to Domodossola with Swiss post bus.

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