List of state leaders in 1681
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Africa
- Ethiopia Kaiser ( Negus Nagast ): Yohannes I ( 1667-1682 )
- Bamum ( in present-day Cameroon) King: Kouotou (1672-1757)
- Bornu ( in present-day Niger) Sefuwa Dynasty King / May: Idris IV (1677-1696)
- Burundi King: Ntare III. Rushatsi ( about 1680 - about 1709)
- Dahomey King: Houegbadja (1645-1685)
- Jolof ( in present-day Senegal) Buur -ba Jolof: Bakar Penda (1670-1711)
- Kano King: Dadi (1670-1703)
- Morocco ( Alawites ) Sultan Moulay Ismail (1672-1727)
- Munhumutapa Empire Ruler: Kamharapasu Mukombwe (1663-1692)
- Rwanda King: Mibambwe II (1672-1696)
- Sultanate of Sennar ( in modern Sudan ) Sultan: Badi II ( 1644/45-1681 )
- Sultan: Unsa II (1681-1692)
America
- New France Governor-General Louis de Buade (1672-1682, 1689-1698)
- Rupert's land Governor: Rupert of the Rhine, Duke of Cumberland (1670-1682)
- Brazil Governor General: Roque da Costa Barreto (1678-1682)
- Viceroyalty of New Spain Viceroy: Tomás Antonio de la Cerda y Aragón (1680-1686)
- Viceroyalty of Peru Viceroy: Melchor de Liñán y Cisneros (1678-1681)
- Viceroy: Melchor de Navarra y Rocafull (1681-1689)
Asia
- Burma Arakan King: Thiri Thudhamma (1674-1685)
- King: Minrekyawdin (1673-1698)
- Brunei Sultan Muhyiddin (1673-1690)
- China ( Qing Dynasty ) Emperor Kang Hi (1662-1722)
- Georgia Imereti King Bagrat V. (1660, 1664-1668, 1668-1678, 1679-1681 )
- King Giorgi IV (1681-1683)
- King Giorgi XI. (1675-1688, 1703-1709)
- Prince Levan III. Dadiani (1661-1681)
- Prince Levan Dadiani IV (1681-1691)
- India Ahom ( Assam ) King: Sulikphaa (1679-1681)
- King: Supaatphaa (1681-1696)
- Bijapur Sultan Sikandar Adil Shah (1672-1686)
- Sultan Abul Hasan Qutb Shah (1672-1687)
- Nayak: Chokkanatha Nayak (1662-1682)
- Mughal emperor: Aurangzeb (1658-1707)
- Maharaja: Chikka Devaraja (1673-1704)
- Interim Governor: António Brandão (1678-1681)
- Viceroy Francisco de Távora (1681-1686)
- Indonesia Aceh Sultan: Ratu Inayat Zaqiatuddin Syah (1678-1688)
- Sultan Ibrahim Shah (1677-1685)
- Governor General: Rijcklof van Goens (1678-1681) (1662-1663, 1665-1675 Governor of Dutch Ceylon)
- Governor General: Cornelis Speelman (1681-1684)
- Japan Emperor ( Tenno ): round ( 1663-1687 )
- Shogun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi (1680-1709)
- Cambodia King: Chettha IV (1675-1695, 1701-1702, 1703-1706)
- Kazakh Khanate Khan: Tawke Khan (1680-1715)
- Korea ( Joseon Dynasty ) King Sukjong (1674-1720)
- Lan Xang (now Laos) King: Sulingvongse (1638-1690)
- Nepal Bhaktapur King: Jitamitra Malla (1673-1696)
- King: Parthivendra Malla (1680-1687)
- King: Srinivasa Malla (1661-1685)
- Persia ( Safavid dynasty ) Shah Safi II (1666-1694)
- Philippines Maguindanao Sultan: Barahaman (1678-1699)
- Sri Lanka Kandy King Rajasinha II (1629-1687)
- Governor: Laurens Pijl (1679-1692)
- Thailand ( Ayutthaya ) King Narai (1656-1688)
- Vietnam Lê Dynasty King: Lê Gia Tông (1675-1705)
- Ruler: Nguyễn Phúc Tan (1648-1687)
- Ruler: Trinh Tac (1657-1682)
Europe
- Andorra Co - Prince: King of France Louis XIV (1643-1715)
- Bishop of Urgell Joan Desbach Martorell (1682-1688)
- Denmark and Norway King Christian V (1670-1699)
- England, Ireland and Scotland King: Charles II (1660-1685)
- France King Louis XIV (1643-1715)
- Genoa Governor and Doge Agostino Spinola (1679-1681)
- Governor and Doge: Luca Maria Invrea (1681-1683)
- Holy Roman Empire King and Emperor Leopold I. (1658-1705) (1657-1705 King of Bohemia, 1657-1705 Archduke of Austria, King of Hungary 1657-1705 )
- Electoral College Archbishopric of Cologne Elector Maximilian Henry of Bavaria (1650-1688) (1650-1688 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1650-1688 Bishop of Liege, 1683-1688 Bishop of Münster, 1650-1688 Provost of Berchtesgaden, in 1657 Abbot of Stavelot - Malmedy)
- Elector: Anselm Franz von Ingelheim (1679-1695)
- Elector Johann VIII Hugo von Orsbeck (1676-1711) (1675-1711 Bishop of Speyer )
- Elector Maximilian II Emanuel (1679-1726) (1692-1706 governor of the Spanish Netherlands )
- Elector: Leopold I (1657-1705) (1658-1705 Emperor, 1657-1705 Archduke of Austria, King of Hungary 1657-1705 )
- Elector Friedrich Wilhelm (1640-1688) (1640-1688 duke of Prussia)
- Elector: Charles II (1680-1685)
- Elector Johann Georg III. (1680-1691)
- Bishopric of Augsburg Bishop Johann Christoph von Freyberg (1665-1690) (1660-1674 provost of Ellwangen )
- Bishop: Peter Philipp von Dernbach (1672-1683) (1675-1683 Bishop of Würzburg)
- Bishop Johann Konrad I of Rye Brook (1656-1693)
- Propst: Maximilian Henry of Bavaria (1650-1688) (1650-1688 Archbishop of Cologne, 1650-1688 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1650-1688 Bishop of Liege, 1683-1688 Bishop of Munster, in 1657 Abbot of Stavelot - Malmedy)
- Bishop: Paulinus Mayr (1678-1685)
- Archbishop Jacques -Théodore de Beriah (1675-1694)
- Bishop: Ulrich VI. de Mont (1661-1692)
- Abt: Christoph von Bellingshausen (1678-1696)
- Grand Master: Johann Caspar von Ampringen (1664-1684)
- Bishop Marquard II Schenk von Castell (1637-1685)
- Propst: Johann Christoph Adelmann IV of Adelmannsfelden (1674-1687)
- Bishop: Albrecht Sigismund von Bayern (1651-1685) (1668-1685 Bishop of Regensburg )
- Abt: Placidus von Droste (1678-1700)
- Bishop Maximilian Henry of Bavaria (1650-1688) (1650-1688 Archbishop of Cologne, 1650-1688 Bishop of Liege, 1683-1688 Bishop of Münster, 1650-1688 Provost of Berchtesgaden, in 1657 Abbot of Stavelot - Malmedy)
- Abbot Rupert of Bodman (1678-1728)
- Bishop Franz Johann Vogt of Altensumerau and Prasberg (1645-1689)
- Administrator: August Friedrich of Schleswig -Holstein - Gottorp (1666-1705)
- Bishop Maximilian Henry of Bavaria (1650-1688) (1650-1688 Archbishop of Cologne, 1650-1688 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1683-1688 Bishop of Münster, 1650-1688 Provost of Berchtesgaden, in 1657 Abbot of Stavelot - Malmedy)
- Bishop: Ferdinand II of Fürstenberg (1678-1683) (1661-1683 Bishop of Paderborn )
- Bishop: Ernst August of Brunswick- Lüneburg (1662-1698) (1692-1698 Elector of Brunswick- Lüneburg, 1669-1698 Duke of Braunschweig -Calenberg )
- Bishop: Ferdinand II of Fürstenberg (1661-1683) (1687-1683 Bishop of Münster)
- Bishop Sebastian of Pötting (1673-1689)
- Bishop: Albrecht Sigismund von Bayern (1668-1685) (1652-1685 Bishop of Freising )
- Archbishop Max Gandolf von Kuenburg (1668-1687)
- Bishop Johann Hugo von Orsbeck (1675-1711) (1676-1711 Archbishop of Trier)
- Abt: Franz Egon von Fürstenberg I. (1657-1682) (1663-1682 Bishop of Strasbourg)
- Bishop Franz Egon of Fürstenberg (1663-1682) (1657-1682 Abbot of Stavelot and Malmedy)
- Bishop Francesco Alberti di Poja (1677-1689)
- Bishop Franz Emmerich Kaspar Waldbott of Bassenheim (1679-1683)
- Bishop: Peter Philipp von Dernbach (1675-1683) (1672-1683 Bishop of Bamberg)
- Principality of Anhalt Anhalt- Bernburg Prince: Victor Amadeus I. (1656-1718)
- Prince Johann Georg II (1660-1693)
- Prince Emanuel Lebrecht (1661-1704) ( to 1692 under guardianship )
- Regent Anna Eleonore of Stolberg- Wernigerode (1670-1690)
- Prince Karl Wilhelm (1667-1718) (1667-1674 under guardianship )
- Duke Karl Eugen (1674-1681)
- Duke Philipp Franz Karl (1681-1691)
- Baden -Baden Margrave Wilhelm (1622-1677)
- Margrave Frederick VII Magnus (1677-1709)
- Margrave: Johann Friedrich (1667-1686)
- Margrave Christian Ernst (1655-1712)
- Calenberg -Göttingen Duke Ernst August (1679-1692) (1692-1698 Elector of Brunswick- Lüneburg, 1661-1698 Bishop of Osnabrück)
- Duke: Georg Wilhelm (1665-1705) (1648-1665 Duke of Braunschweig- Calenberg- Göttingen)
- Duke Rudolf August (1666-1704)
- Landgraf Ernst Ludwig (1678-1739)
- Landgraf: Karl (1670-1730) ( to 1675 under guardianship )
- Prince Friedrich Wilhelm (1671-1735)
- Prince: Meinrad I. (1638-1681)
- Prince Maximilian (1681-1689)
- Duke Johann Wilhelm II (1679-1716) (1690-1716 Elector of the Palatinate, 1690-1716 Duke of Palatinate -Neuburg )
- Duke Maximilian Philipp Hieronymus (1650-1705)
- Prince Karl Eusebius (1627-1684)
- Mecklenburg- Güstrow Duke Gustav Adolf (1636-1695) (1636-1648 Administrator of Ratzeburg )
- Duke Christian Ludwig I (1658-1692)
- Ottonian line Nassau -Diez Prince: Henry Casimir II (1664-1696) (1664-1696 governor of Friesland, Groningen and Drenthe)
- Prince Heinrich (1662-1701)
- Prince Franz Alexander (1679-1711)
- Prince Johann Franz Desideratus (1638-1699) ( before 1652 Count )
- Prince Wilhelm Moritz (1679-1691)
- Archduke Leopold V. (1657-1705) (1658-1705 Emperor 1657-1705 King of Bohemia, King of Hungary 1657-1705 )
- Prince: Christian Eberhard (1665-1708) ( to 1690 under guardianship )
- Regent: Christine Charlotte of Württemberg (1665-1690)
- Duke Philipp Wilhelm (1653-1690) (1685-1690 Elector Palatine, 1653-1679 Duke of Jülich and Berg )
- Duke: Christian August (1656-1708)
- Duke Leopold Ludwig (1634-1694)
- Duke Friedrich Ludwig (1661-1681)
- Duke: Charles I (1681-1697) (1660-1697 King of Sweden, 1694-1697 Duke of Palatinate - Veldenz )
- Saxe-Altenburg Duke Friedrich Wilhelm III. (1669-1672)
- Duke: Frederick I (1675-1691)
- Duke Johann Ernst II (1662-1683)
- Duke Julius Franz (1666-1689)
- Duke Christian Albrecht (1659-1695) (1655-1666 Administrator of Lübeck)
- Duke Ernst Günther (1627-1689)
- Duke: August (1675-1689)
- Duke: Christian Adolf I ( 1653-1667/1702 ) ( 1667 Sonderburg loses to Denmark, 1676-1702 Duke of Schleswig -Holstein -Sonderburg -Franz Hagen)
- Duke: Christian (1663-1698)
- Duke Johann Adolf (1671-1704)
- Schleswig -Holstein -Sonderburg- Plön - Norburg Duke: August (1671-1699)
- Duke Joachim Ernst II (1671-1700)
- Duke Philipp Ludwig (1627-1689)
- Duke Eberhard Ludwig (1677-1733) (1677-1693 under guardianship )
- Ruler: Friedrich Karl von Württemberg- Winnental (1677-1693)
- Regent: Magdalena Sibylla of Hesse- Darmstadt (1677-1693)
- Hanau Count Friedrich Casimir (1642-1685) (1641-1642 Count of Hanau- Lichtenberg)
- Lippe- Biesterfeld Count Rudolf Ferdinand (1678-1736)
- Count: Kasimir (1657-1692)
- Graf: Simon Heinrich (1665-1697)
- Walramische line Nassau- Idstein Graf: George Augustus (1677-1721) ( from 1688 onwards prince)
- Count Johann Ludwig (1659-1690) (1640-1659 Count of Nassau -Saarbrücken )
- Count Ludwig force (1677-1713)
- Graf: Walrad (1659-1702) ( from 1688 onwards Prince, 1640-1659, Count of Nassau -Saarbrücken )
- Graf Johann Ernst (1675-1719) ( from 1688 onwards prince)
- Graf: Christian (1666-1684)
- Reuss elder line Reuss- Burgk Graf: Henry II (1668-1697) (166-1668 Mr. Reuss - Untergreiz until 1673 Mr. )
- Earl: Henry I (1629-1681) ( until 1673 Mr. )
- Count Heinrich VI. (1681-1697)
- Count Heinrich XV. (1681-1690)
- Count Heinrich XVI. (1681-1694) (1694-1698 Count of Reuss- Doelau)
- Graf: Henry V (1668-1698) (1667-1668 Lord of Reuss - Untergreiz until 1673 Mr. )
- Graf: Heinrich XIII. (1675-1733)
- Count Heinrich XIV (1675-1682)
- Reuss- Ebersdorf Count Heinrich X. (1678-1711) (1671-1673 Mr. Reuss - Lobenstein, 1673-1678 Count of Reuss- Lobenstein )
- Graf: Henry IV (1670-1686) ( until 1673 Mr. )
- Graf: Henry VIII (1678-1711) (1671-1673 Lord of Reuss - Lobenstein, 1673-1678 Count of Reuss- Lobenstein )
- Count Heinrich III. (1671-1710) ( until 1673 Mr. )
- Earl: Henry I (1666-1692) (1640-1647 Lord of Reuss -Gera, 1647-1666 Lord of Reuss - room castle, 1666-1673 Count of Reuss- Schleiz )
- Graf: Philip I (1647-1681)
- Graf: Christian Friedrich (1681-1728)
- Count Anton Günther II (1681-1719) ( 1697 Prince, 1666-1681 Count of Schwarzburg- Sondershausen )
- Count Albert Anton (1646-1710)
- Count Ludwig Günther II (1642-1681) ( in Arnstadt, to 1666 in Ebeleben )
- Graf: Christian Wilhelm (1666-1720) ( 1697 Prince ) (in special Hausen )
- Count Anton Günther II (1666-1681) (1681-1697 Count of Schwarzburg- Arnstadt, 1697-1719 Prince of Schwarzburg- Arnstadt ) (in special Hausen )
- Count Heinrich Wolrad (1645-1664)
- Graf: Christian Ludwig (1645-1706)
- Church State Pope Innocent XI. (1676-1689)
- Mantua Duke Carlo IV Gonzaga (1665-1708)
- Monaco Prince Louis I. (1662-1701)
- Ottoman Empire Sultan Mehmed IV (1648-1687)
- Parma Duke: Ranuccio II Farnese (1646-1694)
- Poland King Johann III. Sobieski (1674-1696)
- Portugal King Alfonso VI. (1656-1682)
- Regent: Peter II of peaceable, Regent since 1667, King of Portugal ( 1682-1706 )
- Prussia Duke Friedrich Wilhelm (1640-1688)
- Russia Tsar Fyodor III. (1676-1682)
- Sardinia King: Charles II (1665-1700)
- Savoy Duke: Victor Amadeus II (1675-1732)
- Sweden King Karl XI. (1660-1697) Firm President: Bengt Oxenstierna (1680-1702)
- Transylvania Prince Michael I. Apafi (1661-1690)
- Spain King: Charles II (1665-1700)
- Tuscany Grand Duke Cosimo III. (1670-1723)
- Hungary King Leopold I. (1657-1705)
- Venice Doge Alvise Contarini (1676-1684)