Mölten

Mölten ( Meltina Italian ) is a municipality with 1651 inhabitants ( 31 December 2012) in South Tyrol (Italy ), located on the ridge above the Val Tschögglberg between Merano and Bolzano. The municipality consists of the four fractions Mölten, Verschneid, Versein and Schlaneid.

• 2.1 Origin of the name
• 2.2 Population development

• 3.1 Mayor
• 3.2 Coat of Arms

• 4.1 churches 4.1.1 Parish Mölten
• 4.1.2 Other Churches

• 5.1 schools

Geography

Geographical Location

Mölten is located in the center of the plateau which extends to an average altitude of 1000 to 2000 m above sea level between Bolzano and Merano, between Sarn Valley and pass eggs. The center of Mölten lies on 1133 m above sea level in the hollow of a mountainside. Mölten is bounded on the east by the ridge of the Salten and Tschaufen, on the north by the Möltner yoke; in the west of Bühel of Ortisei is upstream, behind the southwest of the steep slope leading down to the Adige Valley. Due to its location in the open to the southwest trough Mölten is sheltered and sunny; in winter the climate is sometimes milder than in the 900 meters below Bolzano.

The Möltener municipality, which includes 36.9 km ², bordered to the south on the community Terlan, to the east by San Genesio (and its fraction Flaas ), on the north by the Sarn Valley and to the west of Verano. The highest point of the municipality is the High Reisch ( 2,003 m) on the border of the Sarn Valley, better known as " Stoanerne Mandln " ( Stone males ), a hilltop which was in the Middle Ages as witches cult place, and today hundreds of stone-built panels males. stand

The village Mölten is surrounded by vast pine forests, where spruce and larch trees ( more precisely, the common spruce and European larch ) predominate, partly interspersed with pine and fir trees. Deciduous forests are found only on the lower elevations of the slope down to the Adige Valley frequently.

Road links to Mölten result of Bolzano Genesio, another Terlano, and even a combination of Meran about Hafling. Due to the difficult topography of the road routes are often significantly longer than the distance as the crow flies. Across the street Genesio 12 km, Hafling are 18 km away and 28 km from Merano. Also, a funicular railway from the valley in the Terlaner fraction Vilpian high to Mölten.

Geology

The community Mölten is on a bedrock of volcanic and sedimentary rocks which ( million years ago, about 286-248 ) and the lowermost Triassic were formed ( million years ago, about 248-240 ) in the geological ages of the Permian. These rocks lie on the still older rocks of the early Palaeozoic who are open, among other north of the municipal territory. They consist essentially of the " Brixner quartz phyllite ," which is in places crossed by Brixner granite. The Brixner quartz phyllite is here pronounced geschiefert and folded by strong tectonic stress. It consists mainly of phyllitic rocks. In quartz phyllite microfossils were found with an age of about 500 million years ago. During the Variscan orogeny ( mountain building about 350 million years ago in the Carboniferous and before some 317 million years ago during the Upper Carboniferous ), these fine-grained sediments were metamorphic overprints. In the rock formations of the Brixner Quarzphyllits acidic granitic crystal melts are penetrated from the depths partly about 300 million years.

The rock layers above this basement in Möltener municipality are:

• Waidbrucker Conglomerate: sedimentary rocks, which rest the basement directly
• Bozen quartz porphyry sequence: A sequence of volcanic rocks with intermediate sediment layers
• Val Gardena Sandstone: Reddish and greenish-gray sand and siltstones with plant fossils that are superimposed on the rocks of Bozen quartz porphyry sequence
• Werfen strata: Smaller deposits of limestones, marls and shales
• Moraines from the last glaciation

The Waidbrucker conglomerate, the Bozen quartz porphyry sequence and Grödener layers originated in the era of the Permian. At that time Mölten was near the equator; it was part of the supercontinent Pangaea. Due to the active volcanic activity at that time gas-rich magma was transported to the surface and formed the porphyry layers of Bozen quartz porphyry. The intermediate sedimentary rocks were formed in small sedimentation basin. They are composed of coarse conglomerates, sandstones and of fine-grained calcareous - siliceous rocks. In the silica layers of pollen and spores were found on plants that were in the lake or river near million years ago, 260. The Bozen quartz porphyry is up to 3,000 m thick layer of rock that covers an area of ​​about 4000 km ².

The Werfen strata emerged in the lowest stage of the Triassic, the Scythian ( million years ago, about 245-241 ). Superimpose in the municipality of Mölten the Grödener layers; their thickness varies 150-700 m. The sediments of the Werfen beds are deposits of a shallow shelf sea; they are rich in fossils. At the boundary between the water- Grödener layers and the predominantly water- permeable Werfen strata source spills are common.

The moraines formed during the ice ages of the Quaternary reach in places a thickness of 50 meters. In some places in the municipality formed by erosion processes called earth pyramids, some of which are up to 30 meters high.

Above the homestead Gorl there at the foot of the steep quartz porphyry walls of the Tschaufen some "cold spots", which are particularly cool places where the temperature at the earth's surface only a few degrees above zero, even on hot summer days (see also the more familiar Eppaner Eislöcher ).

History

Origin of the name

Mostly it is assumed that the word " Mölten " from the Latin word " maletum " is for " apple tree planting " derive. This view is based on the different responses of the place in predominantly Latin, partly German sources. The first of its kind is the place name " Maletum " in Paul the Deacon in connection with a military campaign of francs in the year 590 against the Lombards. The acting also as a local historian Möltener priest and teacher Josef Schwarz holds the derivation from the Latin word " maletum " for outlandish. He looks for the place name " Melten " a pre-Roman origin. There also are other Celtic -floor and farm names, it forwards the place name from the Celtic word " Maol -Dun " for " mountain home " from; his view, the Celtic place name was later Latinized.

Due to numerous finds from the prehistory and early history of the colonization of Mölten is detected since at least 2000 BC. The oldest verifiable traces of settlement submitted by the Celts. Many farm and field names as Perlifl, Znol and Lafenn are Celtic. Many Celtic bronze objects such as brooches and bracelets were found.

The first historical mention of the settlement secured Mölten goes back to the year 590. The Lombard historian Paul the Deacon mentions for this year that the Lombard fortress " Maletum " destroyed by the Franks and captured the inhabitants and have been continued. Here is the text: "Until Verona the army of the Franks came; most castles surrendered without resistance, after they had sworn promises given to the belief that no harm befall them. The names of the castles but that were destroyed in the Tridentinerland are: Tesana, Maletum, Sermiana, Appianum, Fagitana, Cimbra, Vitianum, Brentonicum, Volanes, Ennemase, two in Alsuca and one in Verona. And after all these castles were destroyed by the Franks, all the inhabitants were continued captured by them. "

An even older mention of possible Mölten is not secured until today: The Bishop Paschasinus of Lilybaea ( Lilybaea today is Marsala, a town in Sicily ) mentioned in a 440-461 AD wrote letter to Pope Leo I, a Taufwunder that 417 AD is said to have happened in a place called " Melita " (or " Meltina " ) is.

In an exchange deed in favor of the Bavarian Benedictine Weihenstephan of about 1082-1097 Mölten appears as " iuxta Bozana [= Bolzano ] in loco qui dicitur Meltini ".

1901, a material lift from Vilpian was built after Mölten. 1922 a cable car from Vilpian after Mölten was built. This was closed in the late 1940s; only in 1955 was built to replace a passenger ropeway, whose mountain station but is still far ahead of the place Mölten.

Population Development

The population of the municipality Mölten (at least initially from the three fractions Mölten, Verschneid and Schlaneid existing) were as follows: 879 (1780 ), 1,070 (1847 ) 1,035 (1880 ) 1,000 (1904 ), 968 ( 1921), 1067 (1942 ), 1,150 (1950 ) 1,149 (1951 census ), 1,167 (1958 ) 1,035 (1961 census ), 1,100 (1971 census ), 1,144 (1981 census ), 1,194 (1989).

The state October 31, 2006 there were 1528 inhabitants, distributed as follows on the four fractions:

• Mölten: 638 inhabitants
• Schlaneid: 281 inhabitants
• Versein: 296 inhabitants
• Verschneid: 313 inhabitants

Until 30 April 2007, the population Möltens again rose to 1,550 inhabitants in 530 households, of which 803 are male and 747 female.

Policy

Mayor

• Franz Josef Karnutsch: 1969-1990
• Alois Hot: 1990-2010
• Angelika Wiedmer: 2010-2015

Coat of arms

With the emblem of the Hafner family in Verschneid that the farmers Balthasar Hafner, Burkart was awarded to Verschneid 1545, sealed from the 16th to the 18th century Bauerrichter Mölten from the family Hafner. From then blazon ( coat of arms description): " ... in r. Sign a harbor with three grams each w. Flowers on stems gr ... " It served as a template for the coat of arms of the municipality Mölten.

Attractions

Churches

Parish Mölten

The parish church in Mölten, with Mary the Queen of Heaven as a saint, goes back at least to the 13th century. It was originally Romanesque.

In the 15th century the old parish church was rebuilt. From the old Romanesque church, the lower part of the bell tower remained. 1489 reconstruction was completed.

The tower stands high on the Roman walls to the penultimate paragraph. In the Gothic period, he was raised by one floor; were fitted with a pointed arch tracery and ornate sound holes. The last floor with the triangular pediment and the apex of stone slabs was set up in 1671.

The apse of the church dates from the late Gothic and was built around 1500, possibly under the 1489 perfect reconstruction.

In 1651 the church was extended in the Renaissance style with round arches. 1984/85 was a renovation.

The high altar is a Coronation of the Virgin, which comes from the workshop of the painter Bolzano in 1500, as well as a representation of the death of Mary on a side altar.

The St. Anne's Church in the cemetery next to the parish church was probably the original parish church. Your Romanesque main entrance was bricked up and is now a tomb. In the choir there is a crest vault with interesting designed consoles. At a magnification of 1450 the church was a Gothic portal with round bar and fillet. In works of art it contains an aggregate in a baroque frame made ​​of cast stone Pietà, created in 1440, as well as a St. Anne's Statue of oilcloth. The altar building dates from the Renaissance.

Other Churches

• St. Valentine in Schlaneid
• St. Blasius in Verschneid
• St. George in Versein
• St. James on Langfenn
• St. Ulrich in Schlaneid
• Ruins of St. Valentin - In the forest below Schlaneid, was built in Schlaneid

Museums

• Fossil Museum Mölten

Economy and infrastructure

The Raiffeisen Bank Mölten was founded in 1897. 1899 was one of the 38 club members. 1945, the Raiffeisen bank was liquidated, refounded on 28 August 1955. The end of 1989 was one of the Raiffeisen bank 176 members.

Train

1861 a school house was built near the parish church in Mölten, which was renovated in the 1970s. 1980-1982 was the new school complex consisting of elementary school and middle school John Griffin Siegfried Teßmann built. It was inaugurated on 20 May 1982. Was named the school after coming from Aschl at Mölten Bishop John Griffin ( born September 23, 1897 in Aschl at Mölten; † August 17, 1968 in Tororo, Uganda ), who spent most of his life as a missionary in Uganda, as well as Siegfried Teßmann ( born December 1, 1880 in Missian / Appiano, † November 10, 1968 in St. Paul's ), priests and artists, long served as curate in Verschneid.

Another elementary school is located in Verschneid.

Personalities

• Gurschner Gustav (1873-1970), sculptor and professor: His parents came from Mölten.
• Joseph Black (1894-1980), born in Mölten priest, teacher and local historian. On July 2, 1972 he was awarded the honorary citizenship of the community Mölten the occasion of his 50th jubilee of priestly ordination.

Others

An old saying about Mölten is "From Unterroan to Missenstoan is Möltner Gmoan. " He says that the municipality ( after previous expansion ) expands from Unterrainstrasse in Appiano until after Miss Stein am Ifinger. This corresponds to the valid approximately up to 1900 greater expansion of the municipal area of Mölten.

Also known is the Haflinger breed in Mölten. Mölten has founded in 1904 as the first South Tyrolean community a Haflinger Breeders Cooperative.

Based in Mölten Arunda sparkling wine is a family business founded in 1979; it is the highest sparkling wine producer in Europe. It produces an average of about 70,000 bottles of champagne, which are sold to many countries.