1240
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Heads of State
Year of the Metal Rat庚子(at the beginning of Earth Pig己亥)
Syria: 1551/52 ( the year in October )
Events
Politics and World Affairs
Europe
- In Puglia, the construction of the Castel del Monte begins.
- Coptic Egyptian writers ' Abul Faḍā'il Ibn al-' Assal keeps the law book Fetha Negest in writing.
City rights, privileges and Ersturkundliche mentions
- Emperor Frederick II gives the Swiss canton of Schwyz, the kingdom of freedom.
- First mention of Baindt, Betschwanden, Chancy, Gansingen, Haslach, Häutligen, Hohenselchow, Lauterbrunnen, body city, Upper Castle, joke and Schwanden.
- Einbeck receives city rights.
Economy
- Frankfurt becomes the first German city the fair privilege. The city is the centerpiece of European goods.
Science and Technology
- Establishment of the University of Siena.
- From 1240: Last but not least thanks to the translation work of Michael Scotus Averroes applies in the Latin spirit world simply as the " commentator " of the " philosophers " ( Aristotle ) (see Averroism ).
- Transition from early to scholasticism (see scholasticism - History ).
Culture
- King Alfonso X ( the Wise) of Castile invokes astronomical convention of 50 Arab, Jewish and Christian scholars to Toledo (see Alfonsinische panels )
- 1230/1240: The Kudrun epic arises.
- 1240: The Court of Frederick II in Palermo is the center of the Italian Minne Sanges (see Sicilian school of poetry ).
- Ulrich von Liechtenstein travels as King Arthur disguised by Austria and Bohemia.
- From 1240: The Book of Zohar ( Kabbalah ) is formed ( up to 1280 ).
Religion
- 1240: Roger Bacon Magister Artium at the University of Oxford or the University of Paris.
- Raymond of Peñafort will be replaced at the General Chapter of the Dominicans in Bologna from his position as Grand Master.
- The number of Beguines and Begarden in Cologne and the surrounding area is estimated at two thousand.
- From 1240: The new ( Paris ) Bible is experiencing a growing popularity and spread throughout Europe. The chapter divisions are generally in the form known today and are clearly visible and the Bible pages are surprisingly small.
- 1240: The Concordantiae Morales Bibliorum, a Bible concordance, is - probably by the Franciscans - together.
Born
- Abraham ben Samuel Abulafia, Spanish Kabbalists, mystics and visionaries ( † after 1291 )
- Andronicus Comnenus, Emperor of Trebizond and Großkomnene († 1266 )
- Niccolo di Boccasio, as Benedict XI. Pope from 1303 († 1304)
- Albert the Degenerate, landgrave of Thuringia († 1314)
- Peter III. the Great, King of Sicily from 1282 († 1285)
- Before 1240: Henry of Ghent, Doctor Solemnis, philosopher and theologian († 1293 )
- 1240/1245: Arnolfo di Cambio, Italian sculptor and architect († 1302/1310 )
- 1240/1245: Dietrich von Freiberg, Dominicans and provincial, theory of the rainbow ( † after 1310)
Died
- May 01: Jacques de Vitry, preacher (* around 1160 /70)
- MAY 24: Skule Bårdsson, Jarl of Norway and last anti-king (c. 1180)
- JULY 24: Conrad of Thuringia, brother of St. Elizabeth and from 1239 the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order (c. 1206)
- 06 December: Constance of Hungary, second wife of the Czech king Otakar I (c. 1181 )
- Abraham ben Samuel (ha -Levi ) ibn Hasdai, Spanish translator and poet (* unknown)
- After 1240: Caesarius of Heister Bach, German Cistercian chronicler (c. 1180)
- Raziah, Sultana in the Indian Delhi Sultanate (* 1205 )
- 1240: Hartmann I, Count of Württemberg (* 1160 )