Hakkâri Province

Hakkari (Kurdish Colemêrg, Syriac Aramaic: ܐ ܰ ܟ ݁ ܳ ܪ ܳ ܐ Akkare ) is one of Turkey's 81 provinces. It lies on the mountainous south-eastern tip of Turkey and on the east by Iran and on the south by Iraq. In its north is Van and Sirnak in the West. Capital is the same Hakkari. Its population is 279,982 (as of 2012).

  • 5.1 Before Christ
  • 5.2 Following Christ

Geography

The province has an area of ​​7121 km ² and is located about 1700 m high. Hakkari is a very mountainous area. There are at least 30 mountains that are over 3000 m high. The highest is the Cilo Dagi ( Resko ), which is 4116 m high, followed by the peaks Mordağ ( 3810 m), Sandil ( 3818 m) and Geveruki ( 3680 m). Hakkari consists of 10% of the plateau. Better known among them are Kandil, Shandil, Berçelan, Kanimehan and Vare Berkizan.

Counties

The counties of the province of Hakkari are:

  • Hakkari (Kurdish Colemêrg )
  • Çukurca (Kurdish CELE )
  • Şemdinli (Kurdish Şemzînan )
  • Yüksekova (Kurdish gewer )

History

Alterum

Hakkari is inhabited by humans since ancient times. There are prehistoric rock carvings, dating and their assignment is not clear.

From the Assyrians, the first reports of this region originate. They reported by independent principalities Hubuškia and Zamua that existed here from 900-700 BC. Two of these princes or kings were called Hubuşki Kaki (a ) and Data (na). The origin of this name is Hurrian. Sometimes these names can be mentioned in connection with the Nairi. From the sources it is clear that the principalities of tribal confederations existed. This way of life has been preserved among the inhabitants Hakkâris to the present. After the invasions of the Assyrians in Anatolia, the tribes of the Nairi merged. As an opponent of the Assyrians, the ancient Urartian appeared on the scene. The first Urartian kingdom existed from the 9th century to the 6th century BC

Middle Ages

In 1515, the region came under Ottoman suzerainty. However, the supremacy of the Sultan was only nominally. It was considered for a time as the Sanjak of Vilayet Vans. In reality, it was under the hereditary rule of Kurdish princes who acted as Sanjak - Beyi ( Principality of Hakkari ). Only in the middle of the 19th century continued the gate by their suzerainty and made it in 1876 into an independent Vilayet. In 1888 it was again annexed the province of Van. Until the genocide of the Aramaeans in the first World War, there were numerous and well -fortified tribes Syrian Nestorian Christians.

Naming

Hakkari was the name of a Kurdish tribe who lived in the vicinity of Lake Van. Arab historians and geographers called the Hakkāriyya region. The Aramaic name for Hakkari is Akkare and means farmer. In the so-called Geniza document from the early 12th century, the name is mentioned in the present form. Administrative center and the seat of the Hakkari - Prince was Çölemerik. The Armenians call this city Ilmar, the Assyrians Gülarmak and the Mamluks, who ruled here, Colamerg. The Kurds call it Colemerg and in Turkish it means Çölemerik. Today, the city and province of Hakkari hot.

Population

The majority of the population, Kurds. The four villages Beyyurdu, Bogazköy, Uğuraçan and Yaylapınar be inhabited exclusively by Turks, and are all within the district Şemdinli. Of the once tens of thousands of Syrian Christians (also Arameans / Assyrians called ) now live only a few people in the province of Hakkari, such as in the village of Konak.

Chronology

Before Christ

  • About 850 - about 585 Urartians
  • 585-550 Meder
  • 550-331 Persians
  • 331-323 Macedonians
  • 88-66 Tigranes II
  • 66 Roman Empire

After Christ

  • 297-638 Sassanids
  • 978 Arabs
  • 1054 Seljuks
  • 1142 Imaddin Zengi
  • 1343 Qara Qoyunlu
  • 1360 Principality of Hakkari
  • 1386 Mongols
  • 1405 2nd Principality of Hakkari
  • 1534 Ottomans
  • 1855 Rebellion of Izzedin Sher
  • 1914 Russians
  • 1918 Turkey
  • 1924 Revolt of the Assyrians

Famous people

  • Ehmedê XANI, writer and poet
  • Çelik Gülersoy, journalist and lawyer
  • Pervin Buldan, human rights activist and politician
  • Sheikh Ubeydallah, cleric leader
  • Seyyit Abdulkadir, clergyman and politician
  • Yılmaz Erdoğan, scholar and writer

Interesting

Ferit Edgüs novel A Winter in Hakkari in 1983 filmed by earth kiral under the title A Season in Hakkari.

Kurdish languages History of the Assyrian people Kurdish people Syriac Christianity Konak (Hakkari) Ancient Macedonians Tigranes the Great Arab people Imad ad-Din Zengi Sheikh Ubeydullah Adana Province Afyonkarahisar Province Aksaray Province Amasya Province Ankara Province Antalya Province Ardahan Province Artvin Province Batman Province Bayburt Province Bilecik Province Bitlis Province Bolu Province Burdur Province Bursa Province Denizli Province Edirne Province Erzincan Province Erzurum Province Gaziantep Province Giresun Province Hatay Province Isparta Province Istanbul Province İzmir Province Karaman Province Kars Province Kastamonu Province Kayseri Province Kilis Province Kocaeli Province Konya Province Malatya Province Manisa Province Mardin Province Mersin Province Ordu Province Osmaniye Province Sakarya Province Samsun Province Siirt Province Sinop Province Tokat Province
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