London boroughs
The administrative area Greater London consists of London boroughs which are comparable with German municipalities. Twelve of them as well as the City of London constitute Inner London, while the other 20 are taken under Outer London.
Tasks
The London boroughs are administered by " London Borough Councils ", who are elected every four years ( Westminster has under UK law city status and council has the status of a " City Council "). The boroughs are the most important parts of London's local government. They operate and manage most local public services and facilities, such as schools, social services, refuse collection and road construction. Some London -wide services are operated by the Greater London Authority, other functions as well as representing the interests of the parent administrations against are summarized in the Association of London Government, which was recently renamed " London Councils ".
The London boroughs are local government districts and have the same responsibilities as the Metropolitan Boroughs. Each London Borough is also a Local Education Authority. Until 1990, the inner London boroughs had a joint cult Authority ( ' LEA '), the Inner London Education Authority.
History
Today's boroughs created on 1 April 1965 with the creation of Greater London. The first elections to the London boroughs were held in 1964. The already elected " London Borough Councils " functioned as a transitional administration, before the elected representatives in the following year took up their duties.
They had greater powers than the hitherto existing Metropolitan Boroughs were comparable with Urban Districts and Municipal Boroughs that replaced almost completely, but were less powerful than the three county boroughs Croydon, West Ham and East Ham, which ceased to exist at the same time.
Between 1965 and 1986, the London boroughs were part of a two-layer management and shared the responsibilities with the Greater London Council (GLC ). However, the GLC was abolished on 1 April 1986 the London boroughs were awarded most of his powers and were thus effectively for unitary authorities ( as they are the features of both a County and the Borough one hold ). Since the establishment of a new Greater London Authority in 2000, which, although covering the area of the old GLC, however, is limited in its powers, the boroughs are now hierarchically between the English unitary authorities and the non-metropolitan districts at the level of the Shire Counties settled.
The City of London is managed by an independent authority, the Corporation of London, which is older than the London Boroughs.
The word borough has related words in almost all Germanic languages as well as in other Indo-European languages. Details please see Borough.
Map of all London Boroughs
Are written in italics: 12 administratively to Inner London scoring districts.
The individual London boroughs and their administrative affiliation
Twelve boroughs in Inner London
* Data without Greenwich, but with Haringey and Newham (see the " Statistical Summary" )
Twenty boroughs in Outer London
* Data without Haringey and Newham, but with Greenwich (see the " Statistical Summary" )
A municipality without Borough status
Statistical Summary
NOTE:
Inner London (according to census )
- The largest surface area of London's Bromley (20 ) (ten percent of the total area of London ); it measures nearly half the area of Inner London. City of London (1) is the smallest district ( 0.2 percent of the total area).
- Most of the inhabitants, 330,000, live in the Croydon area ( 19) (five percent), least 7000, in the district of City of London (1 ) ( 0.1 percent).
- The most densely populated district of Kensington and Chelsea ( 3) ( 13,000 inhabitants per square kilometer ), the least densely populated the two districts Bromley (20) and Havering (24 ) (under 2,000 inhabitants per square kilometer ). Although the City of London (1 ) is located in Inner London, it is one of about 2,500 inhabitants per square kilometer to the less densely populated parts of the city. ( Inner London has an average of 8,663 inhabitants / km ²) The reason for this difference is the high density of Büro-/und commercial sites and " uninhabited " tourist attractions (such as St Paul 's Cathedral) to look into the City of London.
- The 14 Districts Inner London take 20 percent of the area and 39 percent of the population.
- The 19 districts of Outer London take 80 percent of the area and 61 percent of the population.