Lorraine Franconian
Spoken in
- Indo-European Germanic West Germanic Central German West Middle German Rhine Franconian / Moselle Franconian Lorraine
Lorraine - not to be confused with the Gallo-Roman language of Lorraine - is a collective term for the spoken in Lorraine Franconian Rhine and Moselle Franconian dialects, including Luxembourgish, which belong to the West Central German. They are spoken in the northeastern parts of the French département of Moselle and hot there, " Platt", " Lorraine Platt" or " Deitsch Lorraine ". In French used the terms " patois " ( Platt, non-specific) and since about 1980 " Francique " ( Lemberger). The German -Lorraine dialects are pushed back strongly since 1945 by the French as their mother tongue and are at risk of newborn infants less than about 1945 extinction. Born after about 1945 Lorraine speak the dialect often still as a second language.
- 3.1 variants
History
In the field of Gallia Belgica penetrated since the 1st century BC to the Roman conquest of Latin as its official, font and transport language, since the 5th century AD, with the advance of Germanic peoples from the east, the Alemannic and from the north the Franconian. The social, spatial and temporal staggering of the language situation is unknown. Within the Frankish Empire was founded toward the end of the first millennium after Christ through a peaceful reconciliation process a linguistic divide between the Old High German and Old French dialects from which existed over 1000 years until the 20th century as a French-German language border and in this long period only slightly shifted to the northeast. In the language border refer the names of towns like Audun -le- Tiche ( German - Oth ) and Audun- le-Roman ( Welsch - Oth ) or the names of the two source rivers of the Nied Nied Allemande ( German Nied ) and Nied Française ( French Nied ).
Since the French Revolution, the government in Paris was interested for the first time for the language of their subjects. The ideas of liberty, equality and fraternity should be mediated with the French language to citizens; all dialects were considered obsolete and educational hostile. This idea certainly since the French policy towards the regional languages. In practice it has taught French at school in the 19th century and the children then forget what they have learned back often or not even understood it, as it was spoken in the village and the family dialect. After 1871, the school was granted to German in the German-speaking areas since 1919, then again in French. After 1945 the German language was displaced from the media. Especially after 1945, the dialect was frowned upon because of its proximity to the Germans and more and more parents proceeded to, not pass it on to their children. Since 1980, this is almost exclusively the case, so that the learn the dialect only as a second language or not more people born after 1980.
The dialect speakers live in an area with French written language. All media ( internet, television, radio, newspapers, books) appear in French. This characterizes the dialect speaking in a special way. Examples ( in Forbach dialect ):
I know all Platt redde. Awwer, Wammer of schreiwe should, iss concerning heavy! ( the dialect speakers know the platform not to write ). Sinner gewannert? ( You are moved; ? dialect has the change from your to you in German after 1920 not partake ). The live in de Biseestroos ( who live in the rue Bizet, the street name is re-translated from French). Dess iss awwer e scheennie plaasch (but that is a beautiful beach, and the dialect is missing the word for beach, it is borrowed from French).
Today is the Lothringische not for most children in Lorraine more native language, but only " big mother tongue". Thus, it is expected that this dialect will be available only as a " folklore language" in a few decades.
Since the early 1990s, however, continues to increase the number of students who attend bilingual schools or kindergartens, where in addition to high German and the local dialects are considered at least a few lessons.
German - French language border
In the midst of Moselle was until the recent past along a line from Thionville Sarrebourg after the German - French language border. In the German - speaking region of Lorraine cities Thionville, Sierck, St. Avold, Forbach, Sarreguemines and Saar castle lay in Lorraine. During the German annexation of 1871-1918, the city of Metz formed a majority German -speaking enclave within its French-speaking hinterland, the county Metz.
After Constant This ( The German - French language border in Lorraine, Strasbourg, 1887, pp. 23 ff ), whose data are based on observations and inquiries which were collected on the spot, was the language border in 1887 between the following two lines:
German line
To the northwest, at- Rédange, Russange, about Esch to Tétange the Luxembourg border along Volmerange- les -Mines, Nonkeil, Rochonvillers, Angevillers, Algrange, people range with Veymerange by Suzange and Serémange- Erzange after Florange, Ebange by Uckange after Bert Range, Lower Guénange, Haute- Guénange, Guélange, Schell, Kirsch -lès- Luttange, Luttange, Hombourg- Budange, by the spell Ébersviller after Piblange, Drogny, Bockange, Rurange -lès- Mégange, Mégange, Guinkirchen, Brecklange, Volmerange -lès- Boulay, Loutremange, Helstroff, Brouck, Bannay Morlange, Zondrange, Fouligny, Guinglange, Elvange, Créhange, Mainvillers over Faulquemonter spell after Adelange, Eincheville, Vill, Béning -lès -Saint -Avold, Harprich, Morhange, Racrange, Rodalbe, Bermering, Virming, Neufvillage, Léning by Albestroff after Givrycourt, Munster, Lhor, Loudrefing with Mittersheim, Berthelming, Saint -Jean -de- Bassel, Gosselming, Langatte with La tour du Stock, Sarrebourg with farmsteads, Buhl- Lorraine, Schneckenbusch, Brouderdorff, Plaine -de- Walsch, Hartzviller, beaver church with Trois Fontaines, Walscheid, Eigenthal, nuns Bourg, Thomas Thal, Thal soldiers, thence a line through the Saint- Quirin- valley to the Donon.
French Line
Audun -le- Tiche, Ottange, Bure, Tressange, Havange, Fontoy, Nilvange, Marspich over Suzange and Serémange after Rémelange la Haute, Rémelange -la -Basse, Fameck by Uckange by Richemont, Bousse, Rurange -lès- Thionville, Montrequienne, Mancy, Altroff, Auboncourt, Saint -Bernard, Villers- Bettnach, Burton Court, Nidange, Épange, Hinckange, Northen, Conde, varix, Vaudoncourt, Bionville -sur -Nied, Raville, Servigny -lès- Raville, Hémilly, Arriance, Many, Chémery -les -Deux, Thonville, Lower and Upper Suisse, Landroff, Baronville, Rhodes, Pévange, Metzing, Zarbeling with Lidrezing, Bénestroff, Vahl- lès- Bénestroff, Montdidier, by Albestroff after Torcheville, Guinzeling, Lostroff, Cutting, Rorbach -lès- Dieuze Angviller -lès- Bisping, Bisping, Desseling, Fribourg, Rhodes, Kerprich -aux- Bois, about Bebinger spell after Imling, Hesse, Nitting, Voyer, Abreschviller, Lettenbach, Saint- Quirin, Turquestein.
Language
The Lorraine dialects have been described in the German -Lorraine dialects dictionary. Lorraine belongs within the dialect continuum partly to the Rhine-Frankish and partly to the Moselle Franconian dialect Luxembourg or space, comparable to the dialects in the Saarland. Within the dialect continuum in the vicinity of the dialects are understandable, but occur over greater distances and in particular about the Dat / the line, become increasingly understanding difficulties. So can not follow a conversation in Forbach Diedenhofer Platt, although the towns are only 50 kilometers apart. However, the dialect is not already used for national conversation, but mainly in familial and regional environment.
Variants
The isogloss op / separates of the Luxembourg Moselle Franconian variant of the Moselle Franconian. Emil Guelen (1939 ) calls the west of the Moselle dialect spoken the Westmosellothringische, the eastern variant, the Niedlothringische.
Example of the Westmosellothringische:
All man knows fräi a mat deer selwechter Dignitéit at Deene selwechte Right op d' world. Jiddereen huet Saei mind a Saei Gewësse krut is a handelen to close Geescht vu Bridderlechkeet Deenen anere géintiwwer.
On page westmosellothringischer remain Zeurange, Grindorf, Flastroff, Waldweistroff, Lacroix, Rodlach, Bibiche, Mens church, Chémery, Edling, Hestroff. On page niedlothringischer remain heavy village, Colmen, Filstroff, Becker Holtz, Diding, Freistroff Anzeling, Gomelange, Piblange.
Example of the Niedlothringische ( Leï, la, Lort = here, there, there):
Leï, la, Lort - dat ish the Bolcher Wuat; who dat un Bolcher Wuat nit can the het ECN Dael on Bolcher spell.
The isogloss dat / that separates the Niedlothringische from Saarlothringischen. Emil Guelen (1939 ) calls the east of the Nied spoken dialect the Saarlothringische.
On niedlothringischer side remain Ham - sous - Varsberg, Varsberg, Bisten, Boucheporn, Longeville, Laudrefang, Tritteling, Tetting, Mettring, Vahl -les- Faulquemont, Adelange on saarlothringischer side remain Creutzwald, This, HMV, Porcelette, Saint- Avold, Valmont, Folschviller, Lelling, Guessling - Hémering, Boustroff.
Example of the Saarlothringische:
All mensché Sinnfrei UNN with derselwe Dignité UNN deselwe Reschde gebòr. Se sense gifted Àn Venùnft UNN Minn. zùenänner ìm Gäscht skeletons are Brìderlichkät hannele.