Procter & Gamble

The Procter & Gamble Company [ NYSE: PG ] is an American, unrepresented in 70 countries, consumer goods company headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio (USA).

• 2.1 Administration
• 2.2 Research and development
• 2.3 production

• 7.1 Animal Testing
• 7.2 Environment
• 7.3 Quality
• 7.4 competition

History

Procter & Gamble was founded in 1837 by the British candle makers William Procter ( 1801-1884 ) and the Irish soap maker James Gamble ( 1803-1891 ) in the United States.

The company has made a name for itself by developments in the consumer market since its inception and has consistently broken new ground in marketing. A special feature is the exclusive in -brand marketing, the Group and its name remain as much in the background. Procter & Gamble is therefore considered as a pioneer of brand management. The consistent use of television advertising and especially in the first half of the 20th century, radio advertising also goes back to P & G. Among other things, the term soap opera is based on the communication strategy of P & G, from the 1930s to sponsor and produce even radio shows. With over 15,000 Follow the 1937-2009 running Guiding Light was the longest -running P & G production.

The company, with approximately 127,000 employees in fiscal year 2009/2010 a net profit of 12.7 billion U.S. dollars, with sales of 78.9 billion U.S. dollars, the return on sales was 13.9 %.

The chairman over time

Joint control (1837-1890)

• William Procter and James Gamble
• Harley Procter ( son ) & James Norris Gamble ( son )
• William Cooper Procter ( grandson) & William Alexander Procter ( grandson)

Conversion to a corporation

Activities in German-speaking

Management

The first branch of Procter & Gamble in German-speaking was founded in 1953 in Lucerne, Switzerland, the sales took place while continuing to through a wholesaler. 1956 originated in Geneva, the headquarters for the regions of Africa and the Near and Far East, it was 1974 Swiss headquarters and since the reorganization in 1999, the European headquarters of Procter & Gamble.

1960 Opened first German branch in Frankfurt am Main. The fast-growing German headquarters in 1970 moved to Schwalbach am Taunus, it was from 1985 until the reorganization in 1999 over all responsible for the areas of paper hygiene products and fruit juice drinks.

In Vienna is located since 1967, the Austria Center.

Research and Development

In addition to the sales center for the area of ​​Germany, Austria and Switzerland is in Schwalbach am Taunus, the Research & Development located for all paper and hygiene products. Through the acquisition of Wella ( Darmstadt ) and Gillette (which included Brown, headquartered in Kronberg im Taunus) were added further development centers in the Frankfurt area in recent years.

Production

The first production plant in Germany was opened in Worms in 1963, were produced detergent and fabric softener for the German market and for export. After the launch of Pampers was created in 1976 in Euskirchen the first plant for paper diapers. As a result, he developed numerous other production facilities in Germany.

Today manufactures and distributes Procter & Gamble in the works of Berlin, Crailsheim, Darmstadt, Euskirchen, wholesale Gerau, Hünfeld, Weiterstadt, Cologne, Worms, Marktheidenfeld, Kronberg, Altfeld, Leipzig, Rothenkirchen ( Steinberg ) and Wallduern. In Germany 13,000 people for Procter & Gamble work. It sold 40 brands.

Corporate takeovers

Richardson - Vicks

1985 extended P & G 's health and personal care sector with the acquisition of Richardson - Vicks to the brands Vicks (or Wick, cold remedies ), ( Oil of ) Olay (or Oil of Olay, face cream ) and Pantene (hair shampoo).

Blendax

In 1987, P & G, the company from Mainz GmbH Blendax and expanded with its brands such as " Blend-a -Med " its product range in dental and personal care.

Noxell

With the acquisition of the company Noxell 1989 P & G increased in the cosmetics and perfume industry, with brands such as Cover Girl, Noxzema or Clarion, a.

Old Spice

In June 1990, P & G acquired the brand rights for the personal care line of Old Spice Shulton Company. The brand has existed since 1938 on the American market and is one of the most traditional men's skincare series.

Ellen Betrix, Eurocos & Max Factor

1991 acquired P & G cosmetics and perfume manufacturer Ellen Betrix, Eurocos and Max Factor, and thus more trademark (eg Hugo Boss, Laura Biagiotti ).

VP Schickedanz

1994 P & G bought the German company VP Schickedanz, together with the well-known brand pace. The brand Tempo was sold to the Swedish company SCA 2007. The also belonging to VP Schickedanz brand Camelia was not allowed to be taken on antitrust grounds. They therefore went to the company Kimberly- Clark, which trades as Kimberly-Clark in Germany.

Tambrands

In 1997, P & G Tambrands, a leading global manufacturer of tampons.

Iams

1999 acquired P & G Iams for 2.05 billion U.S. dollars. With the largest ever acquisition, P & G expanded its product range to include pet food. The company specializes in mainly commercially marketed dog and catfood and then generated some 800 million U.S. dollars in sales.

Clairol

In 2001, P & G for 4.95 billion U.S. dollars, the company Clairol, a company specializing in hair care and dyes corporate division of Bristol -Myers Squibb Co, and therefore, they the Herbal Essences brand.

Wella

Wella was taken to 81% for around 6.5 billion euros in 2003. As of September 2005, P & G had 95 % of the shares and started with the exclusion of the remaining minority shareholders.

Gillette

In September 2005, took over P & G, after approval by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, the company Gillette to a transaction value of approximately 57 billion U.S. dollars. The purchase is the largest acquisition in its history. With this acquisition, P & G is the world's second- largest consumer goods group, after which specializes in food Nestlé. The prescribed by the EU antitrust selling Spinbrush ( electric toothbrushes ) at Church & Dwight was announced on 14 September 2005.

Ambi Pur

July 2010, acquired the Ambi Pur brand from Sara Lee Corporation for 320 million euros P & G. Ambi Pur is a leading global brand of air freshener and is sold in 80 countries. Besides air freshener Ambi Pur offers even different toilet cleaners and fresheners with high market presence in Western Europe and Asia.

Transformation into a beauty care company

The acquisitions show the last twenty years that P & G is an increasingly beauty care companies. This reflects the fact that in this area significantly higher growth rates can be achieved than in the core business sectors detergents, cleaning products, diapers and paper products. Moreover, in these less emotionally charged fields, the definition of the P & G brand products of competing products and brands and more difficult, by which the margins suffer. In comparison, the "Beauty" division could just record half of sales and more than half the profits after the acquisition of Gillette.

Disposals

In particular, the place in the context of the organization in 2005 focusing on strategic and global categories P & G has always sold trademarks or entire categories. Beginning of 2008 promised the CFO Clayton C. Daley still several divestments before new acquisitions would follow.

Kamill, Cliff & Credo

The former Blendax brands Kamill, Cliff and Credo are sold to the German company burnus in 1998.

Valensina

The Procter & Gamble GmbH, Schwalbach am Taunus, broke up in October 1998 by its fruit juice brand Dittmeyer's Valensina who sold them to the daughter Rolf H. Dittmeyer KG in Hamburg. 1984 Procter & Gamble acquired the brand from the Dittmeyer group.

Rei ( in the tube ) & Sanso

Under the first phase of organization 2005, many local brands are repelled, among them the detergent Rei or mild detergents Sanso, both of which were sold to the German GmbH fit.

Punica & Sunny Delight

In 2004, the German beverage brand Punica and the global beverage brand Sunny Delight as well as many patents in the beverage industry to the financial investor CW are Childs sold. The Punica brand is sold to PepsiCo in 2005.

Tempo, Bess, Bounty & Charmin

Due to the low margins in Western Europe on the paper products sold P & G 2007, the regional tissue brand Tempo and regional toilet paper brand Bess to the Swedish competition group Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget (SCA ). Under the same contract, SCA acquired the manufacturing and distribution licenses for the global P & G brands Bounty kitchen towels and Charmin toilet paper in Western Europe. In return, the SCA had Softis brand sell because of EU competition commissioner has made this a condition for the approval of the transaction. Charmin was replaced in April 2009 in Germany by Zewa Soft samtstark and in Austria by Zewa minor deluxe, so that SCA was able to save the license fees to Procter & Gamble. Also from license cost reasons by the Zewa Wisch & Weg variants White, Fantasy and Economy and in Austria and Switzerland was replaced by Plenty in April 2009 Bounty in Germany. The brand name Tempo is now used by SCA for toilet paper.

Folgers & Millstone

6 April 2008 gave Smucker 's and P & G is the intention of a merger between the companies Smucker 's ( The JM Smucker Co. ) and P & G's coffee division known. The approximately 3.3 billion U.S. dollars serious operation was completed in late 2008.

Pringles

On April 5, 2011 Procter & Gamble announced the sale of potato chip brand Pringles for $ 2.4 billion in Diamond Foods known. Diamond Foods would reimburse a large portion of the payment of $ 1.5 billion in stock, which Procter & Gamble would have been involved with 57 % of the company. However, the sales burst in early 2012, when it became known that Diamond Foods is involved in an accounting scandal. Thereupon, the cereal manufacturer Kellogg's found a buyer, who took over the brand for $ 2.7 billion in 2012.

Brands

Brand of P & G are widespread. The best known and intensively advertised products of the company are:

• Always ( feminine hygiene products )
• Alldays ( panty liner )
• Avril Lavigne (perfume)
• Ariel ( laundry detergent )
• Blend-a - dent ( dental hygiene )
• Blend-a - med ( dental hygiene )
• Blendax ( dental hygiene )
• Brown (electrical device)
• Bruno Banani (perfume)
• Plenty ( kitchen roll)
• Charmin ( toilet paper, in Germany, Austria and Switzerland in May 2009 Zewa Soft Samtstark or minor Zewa Deluxe)
• Crest ( dental hygiene )
• Dolce & Gabbana ( Perfumery & Cosmetics)
• Dash ( detergent )
• Fairy (or Dawn ) ( liquid) ( in Europe at times advertised with the Villarriba and Villabajo Campaign)
• Febreze ( Textilerfrischer )
• Downy ( fabric softener )
• Duracell (batteries)
• Gain ( detergent )
• Gillette ( wet razor )
• Gucci (Perfume & Cosmetics)
• Head & Shoulders ( Hair Care )
• Herbal Essences ( hair care)
• Hugo Boss ( Perfumes & Cosmetics)
• Iams ( pet food )
• Lacoste ( Perfumery & Cosmetics)
• Lenor (softener)
• Luvs ( diapers)
• MaxFactor (cosmetics)
• Meister Proper (detergents, household cleaners )
• Mexx (perfume)
• Oil of Olay (cosmetics)
• Oral- B ( dental hygiene )
• Pampers ( diapers and wipes )
• Pantene ( hair care)
• Puma (perfume)
• Rochas ( luxury goods manufacturer)
• Swiffer ( floor cleaning system, Duster )
• Tampax ( tampons)
• Tide ( detergent )
• Wella ( hair care)
• Wick ( cold products )

Organization

The basis of the corporate structure of P & G, the following organization units:

• GBU (Global Business Unit) - Responsible for the development of new products and long -term brand strategies. Focused on maximizing shareholder return.
• MDO ( Market Development Organization) - Implementation of GBU strategies using local market understanding.
• GBS ( Global Business Services ) - Service functions, such as system supervision or accounting. Outsourced to third party companies, such as IBM or HP to part.
• CF (Corporate Function) - functions such as tax or legal department.

The company consists of the following divisions:

• Beauty GBU ( beauty products, perfume products )
• Health and Well -Being GBU (health care, hygiene products, snacks)
• Household Care GBU (textiles and household care, Baby care )
• Global Operations ( MDO, GBS and other functions)

Criticism

Animal experiments

The early 1980s, practiced the New York Tierrrechtsaktivist Henry Spira public pressure on Procter & Gamble from because of its animal testing practices. He reached a concession of the group that they would take a more active role in order to reduce the number of animals used and the severity of their suffering, such as the LD50 test. 1983 Procter & Gamble stated in his house magazine of the abolition of all animal experiments in toxicological product testing as a stated goal. From 1984 to the end of the 1990s, the Group reduced its animal testing numbers in the safety assessment of consumer goods by 85 percent.

From 1996 to 1997 documented PETA activist Michelle Rokke the grievances in an animal testing laboratory Huntingdon Life Sciences in Millstone (New Jersey), which conducted on monkeys, inter alia, on behalf of Procter & Gamble toxicity tests. Procter & Gamble finished then the collaboration with the laboratory. 2002 animal experiments were denounced that have the company in 2002 for its pet food division can be performed. These should have been severed, inter alia, the dogs vocal cords.

Environment

For the production of hygiene articles such as Tempo handkerchiefs or Charmin toilet paper (both 2007 sold to SCA) Procter & Gamble had worked with the Brazilian manufacturer Aracruz, which is due to the violent expulsion of Indians as well as the large-scale rainforest clearance in the criticism. Under pressure from mainly environmental organizations such as Robin Wood cooperation with Aracruz has been set.

The Group also is criticized because the employed in Pampers diapers since March 2010 in the USA Dry Max technology allegedly causes rashes and burns for thinner diapers in babies. Some parents in the United States had complained. P & G dismissed the allegations as false back.

Competition

In April 2011, Procter & Gamble was condemned by the European Commission to pay a fine of 211.2 million euros. Reason is the establishment of a cartel price fixing in heavy-duty detergents in the years 2002 to 2005. Involved with the cartel were Unilever and Henkel. While Unilever had to pay 104 million euros, Henkel was released as a messenger of the cartel from the punishment.