Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
56.28844.7695Koordinaten: 56 ° 17 ' N, 44 ° 46' O
The Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (Russian Нижегородская область / Nischegorodskaja oblast ) is an oblast in the eastern part of European Russia in the Volga Federal District.
Geography
The oblast is bordered to the north by the Kirov Oblast, on the east by the republics of Mari El and Chuvashia, to the south by the Republic of Mordovia, and to the west by the Vladimir Oblast. In an area that is almost as big as Austria, the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast comprises 25 towns and over 4500 villages. The oblast has an important bridge between Moscow and the Volga republics and Siberia. Most important transport connection is the Trans-Siberian Railway.
The oblast is situated on the Volga, which is a major traffic artery for shipping, other rivers are the Oka and the Klyazma. The population consists mainly of Russians, but there are minorities of Mordvins, Tatars and Ukrainians.
History
The Principality of Nizhny Novgorod was built in the 13th century and came to Moscow in 1393. In the second half of the 19th century began the industrialization. In Soviet times was called the oblast:
Administrative divisions and largest cities
The Nizhny Novgorod Oblast is divided into 48 Rajons and 4 urban districts.
The city of circles are the four largest cities in the oblast, the main and big city of Nizhny Novgorod, Dzerzhinsk and Arzamas the big cities and the " closed city " ( SATO ) Sarov formed. In total there are 28 cities in the oblast and 59 urban-type settlements.
Economy
The main industries are car manufacturing, mechanical engineering, food processing and chemical industries.
Traffic
Of the large number of narrow gauge railways which were built from the 1930s, primarily for the transportation of wood and peat, and for the most part were still in the 1980s in operation today ( 2012) in the Oblast are received only two peat railways, the Torfbahn Alzewo and Torfbahn Kerschenez, as well as some industrial lines, as in the chemical factory in Dzerzhinsk caprolactam and the plaster work Pesch Elan at Arzamas.