Altai Republic
50.87586.9Koordinaten: 50 ° 53 'N, 86 ° 54 ' E
The Altai Republic (Russian Республика Алтай / Respublika Altay, Altay Алтай Республика ) - not to be confused with the larger Altai region in the north- west - is an autonomous republic in the Asian part of Russia.
- 4.1 religions
Geography
The Republic is located in the south-western Siberia in the northern Altai Mountains ( Russian or High Altai ). It borders with Kazakhstan, China and Mongolia. The picturesque location in the mountains with many lakes and rivers of the region was given the name "Russian Tibet ". In the mountain massif of the Belukha Mountain reached on the border with Kazakhstan a height of 4506 m. In the Republic the two source rivers of the Ob have their origin, of the glacier of the same entfließende on the southwest flank of the Belukha Katun and the Biya as an outflow of Chulyshman Lake, one of the deepest lakes in Russia.
Climate
The climate of the Altai Republic is classified as temperate continental. The Altaic summer are usually short and hot, while the winters are long and very cold.
History
After a checkered history, the area came under Russian rule in 1756.
On 1 June 1922, the Oirot Autonomous Region ( Oblast ) was established (after the previous name Oirots for the ethnicity of the Altai ), which was later placed under the Altai region and renamed on January 7, 1948 in Autonomous Region of Gorno - Altaisk was. On October 25, 1990, the territory of the Russian SFSR was subordinated directly and received the status of an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic ( ASSR ), from July 3, 1991 only under the name of Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR ), but continued as part of the RSFSR. Since May 1992, named the area Gorny Altai Republic (Mountain Altai ), since December 12, 1993, it bears the name today.
President of the Republic of Altai is since January 20, 2006, the nonpartisan Alexander Berdnikov (* 1953).
Economy
The Republic is predominantly agricultural, this development came from the reforms to the Soviet authorities, who wanted to increase their crop production. It is known to local sheep and goat fur production. The industry sectors include food processing and light industry. An important role is played by the tourism. There are now many tourist infrastructure projects in the region, especially in winter sports.
Population
The mountainous republic is sparsely populated. The last census on 14 October 2010 showed a total population of 206 168 inhabitants. Of these lives more than a quarter in the capital of Gorno- Altaisk. Named giving people the Altai, a Turkic people whose language belongs to the Altaic Turkic languages . However, they represent only a minority of the population. The ( slowly decaying ) form the majority of Russians. The only significant additional minority with 12,524 members ( = 6.2%) the Kazakhs. The official languages are Russian and Altai. 2002, a third of the population lived below the poverty line.
Religions
The population belongs to various religions. Most Altai profess Buddhism Tibetan-style, some even to Christianity. The majority of Russians are Russian Orthodox Christians, Sunni Muslims, the Kazakhs. The German minority, which makes is expelled in the last few decades for the most part to Germany 's Protestant.
Administrative divisions
The Altai Republic is divided into an urban district, which includes the only city Gorno- Altaisk with 56 933 inhabitants, and ten Rajons with today exclusively rural settlements ( the former settlements of urban type Aktash, Sjoika and Chemal lost this status in the 1980s to the 1990s - years ). The total of 244 villages of the Republic ( posselenije Selskoje ) to 92 rural communities together. By far the second largest city with 16,174 inhabitants, is Maima (All information as of October 14, 2010 )
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