Expedition 16

ISS Expedition 16 mission is the designation for the 16 long-term crew of the International Space Station ( ISS). The crew lived and worked from October 2007 to April 2008 on board the ISS.

2.1 New module reaches the station
2.2 Increasing the Harmony module
2.3 Two non- planned outdoor use
2.4 European ISS module Columbus
2.5 The first member of Japan will be installed
2.6 Arrival of the European space freighter ATV
2.7 Arrival of the 17th resident crew
2.8 Landing of the 16 crew

Team

Peggy Whitson ( second space flight), Commander (NASA / USA)
Yuri Ivanovich Malenchenko (4th space flight), flight engineer ( Roscosmos / Russia)
October / November 2007: Clayton Anderson ( first space flight), flight engineer (NASA / USA)
From November 2007 to February 2008: Daniel Tani ( second space flight), flight engineer (NASA / USA)
From February to March 2008: Léopold Eyharts ( second space flight), flight engineer (ESA / France)
From March to May 2008: Garrett Reisman ( first space flight ), flight engineer (NASA / USA)

Backup crew

Edward Fincke, Commander (NASA / USA) ( for Whitson )
Salis Chan Schakirowitsch Sharipov, flight engineer ( Roscosmos / Russia) ( for Malenchenko )
Sandra Magnus, board engineer (NASA / USA) ( for Tani )
Frank De Winne, Flight Engineer (ESA / Belgium) ( for Eyharts )
Timothy Kopra, Flight Engineer (NASA / USA) ( for Reisman )

Mission Description

The two spaceman Yuri Malenchenko and Peggy Whitson started on 10 October 2007 together with the Malaysian Angkasawan Sheikh Shukor Muszaphar aboard Soyuz TMA -11 to the ISS.

After 49 hours, the Soyuz spacecraft approached with the 16 long-term occupation and put on 12 October at 14:50 UTC clock on the space station. With Whitson, the first commander arrived on the ISS. Along with her flight engineer Malenchenko she will live the next six months on board and work. At 16:22 UTC, the hatches were opened and the two floated with the Malaysian guest astronaut in the space station.

Fyodor Yurchikhin and Oleg Kotov, Expedition 15, returned along with Shukor 21 October 2007 aboard Soyuz TMA -10 back. Because of a computer error at first suspected the landing was not quite as planned. For unclear reasons, the onboard computer had redirected the return capsule on a ballistic trajectory compensation. This was steeper and put the three astronauts a greater acceleration of (peak value: 8.56 g = 84.0 m / s ²). Soyuz TMA -10 was 360 km west down the target area in the Kazakh steppe. The crew reached Earth safely.

New module reaches the station

The first visit of the 16 long-term occupation scored on a two-day flight on 25 October at 12:40 UTC with the shuttle mission STS- 120. Than two hours later, the bulkheads were opened, greeted each other with ISS Commander Peggy Whitson and shuttle commander Pamela Melroy first time two women who ran a space mission at the same time. On the same day sparked Mission Specialist Daniel Tani from ISS Flight Engineer Clayton Anderson.

Main payload of STS -120 was the Harmony connecting node, which was mounted on 26 October at the space station. The 14.5 -ton cylinder was initially "parked" on the port side of Unity. Only after the separation of the Discovery Harmony was installed in its final position in the Destiny laboratory. With the built in Europe in connection node for the first time in six years, a new printing module of the space station has been added. Since the Russian Pirs airlock was installed in September 2001, only the lattice structure has been developed. In addition, the P6 solar module was moved to its position on the starboard end of the lattice structure.

After eleven days of co- operation coupled on November 5 at 10:32 UTC from the Discovery of the space station. Together with the STS -120 crew on board, there was Clayton Anderson, who returned to Earth after five months. With the landing of the orbiter on November 7, his first space flight went 151 days and 18 hours to finish.

Expansion of the Harmony module

On November 9, ISS Commander Whitson and Flight Engineer Malenchenko conducted the first spacewalk of Expedition 16. They left at 9:54 UTC the airlock and prepared the saver- PMA -2 ( Pressurized Mating Adapter ) on its implementation to the Harmony module before. Within 6 hours and 55 minutes different cables were separated.

After these preparations could be moved a few days later, PMA -2. With the robotic arm of the station of the coupling adapter on November 12 was attached to the Harmony module. The use lasted nearly two hours.

Two days later, the ISS crew moved on 14 November Harmony with the PMA -2 to its final position. The module was implemented with the help of the robot arm of the station to the front coupling neck of Destiny. This operation was a requirement that, in February 2008, the European Columbus module was docked to the station.

To make Harmony finally becoming a part of the station commander Peggy Whitson took with Flight Engineer Daniel Tani another exit. On November 20, the two astronauts connected the module to the power supply and the cooling circuit within 7 hours and 16 minutes.

In a third spacewalk on November 24, these activities have been completed. Tani and Whitson got out at 9:50 UTC and worked a total of seven hours and four minutes in free space. In addition to connecting the pipes for cooling and power supply, an inspection of the defective SARJ - swivel joint (Solar Alpha Rotary Joint) was on the program. In the starboard SARJ it had come to vibrations during the follow-up from mid-September. In addition, the motor used more power. During an STS -120 exit on 28 October Tani had inspected the SARJ. He discovered metal shavings, of which he had to take a sample to Earth. During the inspection Tani noticed again the metallic abrasion and said that the bearing ring of the SARJ was damaged.

Two unplanned outdoor use

In the short term ordered by NASA for December 18, another off at. This Whitson and Tani studied the SARJ swivel the starboard side again. Despite the thorough inspection that lasted 6 hours and 56 minutes, could not find the exact cause of the defect. This was the 100th spacewalk on the International Space Station. In addition, Commander Whitson set a record: With a total of 32 hours and 36 minutes she stayed longer now outside of a spaceship than ever on a woman before her. Thus, they surpassed the previous record (29 hours and 17 minutes ), which had her colleague Sunita Williams set up on 8 February 2007.

On 19 December, the 90 - year-old mother of Flight Engineer Daniel Tani was killed in a traffic accident. That same evening, the astronaut was informed by his wife Jane and a NASA flight surgeon about it. The Russian space agency Roscosmos and NASA condolences Tani. The latter told him to any support, especially psychological help.

On December 23, the last Progress freighter of 2007 started with a total of 2.24 tons of supplies to the space station. The rocket lifted off as scheduled at 7:12 UTC from the unmanned cargo spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome. The day before was the old Shuttle, Progress M -61, has been decoupled from the ISS. Progress M -62, filled with fuel, water, oxygen and equipment as well as Christmas gifts for family members, coupled December 26 at 8:14 UTC on at the station.

On 30 January 2008, another spacewalk was conducted during the Tani and Whitson on awning 1A successfully carried out the repairs to the BGA Nachführungsautomatik. The awning turned to replacing the motor back in the sun and immediately delivered more power.

After the astronauts had the freighter Progress M -62 filled in recent days with unneeded equipment parts and waste, the spacecraft on February 4 was disconnected at 10:32 UTC of the space station. A day later lifted at 13:03 UTC Progress M -63 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome. After two days of flight, the new shuttle docked to the ISS at 14:30 UTC on 7 February.

Europe's ISS module Columbus

On February 9, met with the European Columbus research module to the ISS, as at 17:17 UTC docked the U.S. space shuttle Atlantis. The crew of the STS -122 mission led by three spacewalks, during which was installed on February 11 Columbus at the station two days later replaced a nitrogen tank of the station and on the 15th of February, two experimental platforms were attached to the outside of Columbus. With onboard the shuttle was the German Hans Schlegel, who auswechselte a nitrogen tank at his spacewalk. After nine days of joint work, the Atlantis presented on February 18 at 9:24 UTC from the space station from. Prior to ISS Flight Engineer Dan Tani had ceded his post at the French Léopold Eyharts and returned after four months with STS -122 back to Earth.

The first component of Japan will be installed

Just three weeks after the last space shuttle had taken off from the station, the Endeavour moored to the ISS on March 13 at 3:49 UTC. The astronauts of STS -123 took five exits, as many as ever for a shuttle visit, and extended the space station just around two new components: the logistics module ELM - PS (Experiment Logistics Module - Pressurized Section) as well as a Canadian " robot hand ".

The ELM - PS, the first part of the Japanese Kibo module was installed. To ensure that all nations involved in the construction of the ISS are now represented by at least one module.

Said by the engineers Dextre robot hand was delivered in nine parts. Only three outdoor use accounted for their assembly. Dextre is equipped with two arms and two hands and will continue to deal with repairs that needed to be executed in the exits of astronauts so far.

When, after twelve days the Endeavour abdockte on 25 March at 00:25 UTC of the ISS Flight Engineer Eyharts had exchanged with Mission Specialist Reisman 's place. The Frenchman returned after two months returned to the earth.

Arrival of European space freighter ATV

On March 9, launched the first Automated Transfer Vehicle ( ATV) " Jules Verne " by an Ariane 5 rocket from Europe's spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana. The unmanned space freighter of the European Space Agency presented after extensive testing on 3 April at 14:45 UTC fully automatically to the International Space Station. Previously, the ATV was stationed in front of 2000 kilometers of the ISS, where it remained parked, had to STS -123 filed on March 25 from the station. " Jules Verne " brought supplies and fuel to the ISS and remained about four months on the space station connected. The cargo hold was under pressure and could be entered by the crew of the station and be used as an additional room. During the coupling period, the engines of the ATV were used to lift the station into a higher orbit. This was followed by " Jules Verne " loaded with waste and burned up in the atmosphere.

Arrival of the 17 crew

With Commander Sergei Volkov and Oleg Kononenko Bordingenieuieur met on April 10, a detachment of Peggy Whitson and Yuri Malenchenko. Soyuz TMA -12 at 12:57 UTC to put on the airlock Pirs. Was on board the South Korean spaceflight participant So- Yeon guest Yi, who studied and a half weeks on the ISS. This went along with the old long- time crew on April 19 back to Earth.

Landing of the 16 crew

After half a year of work in space returned ISS Commander Whitson and Flight Engineer Malenchenko on April 19, along with the first South Korean spaceflight participant Yi returned to Earth. The return was similar unplanned as the landing of Soyuz TMA -10 in October 2007. Due to problems during the separation of the service module from the descent module of the Soyuz capsule was the re-entry is not on the planned aerodynamic train, but on the much shorter and harsher ballistic trajectory. Therefore, the landing capsule was at 8:29 UTC 428 km west down the targeted landing site.

Soyuz TMA-11 Daniel M. Tani Salizhan Sharipov Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor Soyuz TMA-10 STS-120 Harmony (ISS module) Pirs (ISS module) Progress (spacecraft) STS-122 STS-123 Guiana Space Centre Sergey Alexandrovich Volkov Soyuz TMA-12 Yi So-yeon List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station STS-88 STS-96 STS-101 STS-106 STS-92 Soyuz TM-31 STS-97 STS-98 STS-102 STS-100 Soyuz TM-32 STS-104 STS-105 Soyuz TM-33 STS-108 STS-110 Soyuz TM-34 STS-111 STS-112 Soyuz TMA-1 STS-113 Soyuz TMA-2 Soyuz TMA-3 Soyuz TMA-4 Soyuz TMA-5 Soyuz TMA-6 STS-114 Soyuz TMA-7 Soyuz TMA-8 STS-121 STS-115 Soyuz TMA-9 STS-116 STS-117 STS-118 STS-124 Soyuz TMA-13 STS-126 STS-119 Soyuz TMA-14 Soyuz TMA-15 STS-127 STS-128 Soyuz TMA-16 STS-129 Soyuz TMA-17 STS-130 Soyuz TMA-18 STS-131 STS-132 Soyuz TMA-19 Soyuz TMA-01M Soyuz TMA-20 STS-133 Soyuz TMA-21 STS-134 Soyuz TMA-02M STS-135 Soyuz TMA-22 Soyuz TMA-03M Soyuz TMA-04M Soyuz TMA-05M Soyuz TMA-06M Soyuz TMA-07M Soyuz TMA-08M Soyuz TMA-09M Soyuz TMA-10M Soyuz TMA-11M Soyuz TMA-12M Soyuz TMA-13M Soyuz TMA-14M Soyuz TMA-15M Soyuz TMA-16M Soyuz TMA-17M Soyuz TMA-18M Soyuz TMA-19M List of International Space Station expeditions Expedition 27 Expedition 28 Expedition 29 Expedition 30 Expedition 31 Expedition 32 Expedition 33 Expedition 34 Expedition 35 Expedition 36 Expedition 37 Expedition 38 Expedition 39 Expedition 40 Expedition 41 Expedition 42 Expedition 43 Expedition 44

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