Franconian Jura

F1p5

Franconian Jura

The Franconian Jura, also known as Franconian or Franconian Jura or Frankenjura is one to 656.4 m above sea level. NHN, in foreign foothills ( Hesselnberg ) even up to 689.4 m high mountain range, part of the Southwest German cuesta in Bavaria and the still significantly higher Swabian Alb beyond the Nordlinger Ries by east-northeast and eventually extended to the north- northwest.

At the edge of the Franconian Alb, in each case already outside the places Ingolstadt (south), Regensburg (southeast), Nuremberg ( west of the northeast part ), Bamberg (northwest) and Bayreuth (northeast).

• 2.2.2.1 landscapes and places

• 2.2.3.1 landscapes and places

• 2.3.1 Nature Park

Origin of the name

It has derived the name suggests Alb earlier montes from the Latin expression albi ( White Mountains ). More likely it is an ancient Celtic name meaning mountain pasture.

Geography

Geographical location

The Franconian Jura runs in north - south-west of Lichtenfels am Main past Bamberg and Nuremberg in the west and Bayreuth and Regensburg in the east and Ingolstadt on the Danube in the south Nördlinger to the eastern edge of the carrying of the Wörnitz meteorite crater Ries, by which they of the west subsequent Swabian Alb is disconnected. The highest elevation is 656 m high Duerrenberg on the Hahnenkamm in the extreme northwest of the southern part.

Nature regions

The Federal Institute for Regional Studies has organized since the 1950s in the manual of the biogeographic division of Germany and in subsequent single sheets 1:200,000 Germany in natural spatial part landscapes. The Franconian Jura forms, along with it to the southwest continuing Swabian Alb, majority is greater region 3rd order of the South West German country levels ( Greater Region 2nd order ). As with the Gäuen ( limestone, 12-13 ) and Keuper- Lias countries ( 10-11 ), the Jurassic Dogger - Malm and landscapes in a Swabian (09 ) and a Franconian (08) divided main unit group whose dividing line is addressed more by physical than by cultural aspects. Especially in the Swabian and Franconian Alb, the dividing line corresponds to the south of the Ries also to popular sharing.

The Franconian Jura is divided further into the main Northern units ( 080), Medium ( 081) and the South ( 082) Frankenalb. The Southern Frankenalb extended extending in the direction ostnordöstliche escarpment of the Swabian Alb to the east, while Middle and Northern Franconian Jura to the north- north-west point.

For finer subdivisions see

Northern Frankenalb

The 2007 km ² large Northern Franconian is the northernmost part of the Franconian Alb. It lies in the Bavarian administrative districts of Upper Franconia, Middle Franconia (southwest) and Upper Palatinate ( south-east ), the Upper Franconian Counties occupy the majority.

Your northern reaches close to the Red Main or the Main between Bayreuth in the east, light rock in the north and Bamberg in the West, their more southern West is from Bamberg flanked by the Regnitz, which, however, upstream to Nuremberg by up to 20 km from the Alb removed.

The southern border of the Middle Franconian approximately follows the B 14 between Hersbruck and Sulzbach -Rosenberg, but differs in the east over Etzelwang and Neukirchen from this line slightly to the north. It follows the river valleys of the River Pegnitz and Etzelbach, in the extreme east of the Rose creek.

East of the Northern Franconian is flanked in about eight kilometers from the Vils.

Landscapes and places

In the center of the Northern Franconian Jura is named after their typical rock formations Franconian Switzerland. South of the dolomite Kuppenalb closes, while the belonging to Middle Franconia southwest called Hersbrucker Switzerland and is expected to Hersbrucker Alb, which is not a natural spatial unit and continues in the northwest of the Middle Franconian. In the south east the landscape is located between Pegnitz (N), Auerbach ( O) and the A 9 ( W) of the unincorporated and almost completely covered with coniferous forest, 107 km ² Veldenstein Forest.

The Northwest near Bamberg belonged to the Tertiary volcanic field of Heldburger transition band, which is not visible in surface forms.

The Northern Franconian is almost identical to the 2346 -square-kilometer Franconian Switzerland Nature Park Veldenstein Forest, which lies in the area of the districts of Bamberg, Bayreuth, Forchheim, Kulmbach, Lichtenfels, Neustadt an der Waldnaab and Nürnberger Land.

Mean Frankenalb

The 1778 km ² large Middle Franconian connects Northern and Southern Franconian Alb. It lies almost entirely in the Bavarian administrative region Upper Palatinate, only the outermost northwest lies in Middle Franconia.

Your northern border on the Northern Franconian runs to the east of the notch between the Pegnitz Hersbruck and Sulzbach -Rosenberg (see above), to the west it is flanked by the Schwarzach or south of Neumarkt by the Ludwig-Danube- Main Canal.

Between Regensburg and Parsberg the southwest border follows the southern Franconian about the Schwarze Laber.

On the eastern edge Amberg lie to the north and Schwandorf in the middle.

Landscapes and places

At the heart of the Middle Flächenalb is of 149.02 km ² large military training area Hohenfels, north of it the 277.59 km ² large nature park deer forest, which barely exceeds north the territory of the Franconian Alb. Both are located in the district of Amberg- Sulzbach, which occupies the northeast of the landscape.

The south east is in the district of Schwandorf, the extreme south-east, the district of Regensburg and the West in the district of Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz.

The Nuremberg still in the Middle Franconian district of country situated north-west is mostly counted for Hersbrucker Alb, but showing no natural spatial unit and continues in the Northern Flächenalb north. Also, the term Upper Palatinate Jura is not limited to the Middle Franconian and is also used for the South East of the Northern. Both landscape names appear, inter alia, on the designation of conservation areas.

The eastern part of the landscape take on the Vilsplatten that cuts through the Vils south of Amberg.

Southern Frankenalb

The 3126 km ² large Southern Franconian Alb represents the southernmost part of the Franconian Alb, the east of the Ries extended the Swabian Alb in his ostnordöstlichen direction to about Regensburg. She has in Upper Palatinate (northeast), Lower Bavaria (South-East ), Upper Bavaria ( south central ), Swabia (southwest) and Middle Franconia (western and central north ) Percentage of five of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria.

Landscapes and places

The Southern Franconian is identical to the 2962.4 square kilometers Altmühltal Nature Park, which lies in the area of the districts of Donau-Ries, Eichstätt, Kelheim, Neuburg -Schrobenhausen, Neumarkt in the Upper Palatinate, Regensburg, Roth and White Castle -Gunzenhausen substantially. However, the nature park in the north-west beyond the limits of the Alps, while it ranges in eastern directions are not quite up to the edge approach.

The landscape is cut in west-east direction through the Altmühltal between Treuchtlingen and Kelheim, which is one of the valleys of the ancient Danube.

The two westernmost spurs of the eaves in the north of the landscape are called Cockscomb ( between Wörnitz and Altmühltherme ) and Weißenburger Alb ( between Altmühltherme andSchwarzach ).

Landscape names, protected areas and natural parks

The common name of the Franconian countryside designate only part of the natural environment sub-units; many are rather similar to historical and touristic name.

Among the better-known name of the Franconian Jura landscapes include, from north to south-west (larger protected areas, where appropriate, are included as sub- points):

• Northern Frankenalb Northern Frankenjura extreme north of the Northern Franconian Alb, counties Lichtenfels, Bamberg and Kulmbach FFH area dry grasslands, meadows and forests around Weismain (19,90 km ² district of Lichtenfels )
• Multipart bird sanctuary Rock and slope forests in the northern Frankenjura ( 52.67 km ²)

• Multipart FFH Albtrauf in the district of Lichtenfels ( 18.53 km ²)
• Multipart FFH Albtrauf of Dörnwasserlos to Zeegendorf ( 30.63 km ², district of Bamberg )
• Multipart FFH Albtrauf of the Friesener waiting for the Long -mile ( 18.86 km ², counties Bamberg and Forchheim )
• Two-part FFH Ehrenbürg and cat heads ( 9.06 km ², Forchheim district )
• Multipart FFH area orchards, head oaks and sources on Hetzleser Berg ( 14.38 km ², the district of Forchheim )

• Multipart FFH Wiesenttal with side valleys ( 69.34 km ²)
• Multipart bird sanctuary Rock and slope forests in the Franconian Switzerland ( 69.30 km ², districts of Forchheim, Bayreuth and Bamberg)
• Bird sanctuary Regnitz and lower Wiesenttal ( 16.34 km ², the district of Forchheim )

• Three-part FFH Dolomitkuppenalb ( 21.95 km ², Landkreis Nürnberger )

• FFH U.S. Grafenwoehr Training Area ( 192.79 km ², but only small parts of the North West in the Franconian; district of Neustadt )
• FFH Wellucker forest north Königstein (8.99 km ², Amberg -Sulzbach counties and Nürnberger Land )

• Hersbrucker Alb ( Hersbrucker Switzerland ), west of the transition region between the Northern and Middle Franconian - term is used only in the district of Nürnberger Land multipart FFH Traufhänge the Hersbrucker Alb ( 14.72 km ²)
• Multipart FFH stream valleys of Hersbrucker Alb (6.98 km ²)

• FFH forests in the Upper Palatinate Jura (8.04 km ²)

• FFH and bird sanctuary military training area Hohenfels ( 149.02 km ² district of Neumarkt )
• FFH flanks of Naabdurchbruchtals between Kallmunz and Mariaort ( 14.41 km ², the district of Regensburg )
• Multipart FFH Black Laaber ( 11.59 km ², the district of Regensburg )

• FFH White, Wissinger, Breitenbrunner Laaber and Kreuzberg in Unterdietfurt ( 23.23 km ², district of Neumarkt )
• Multipart FFH escarpment of the middle Frankenalb in Val di Sole ( 12.24 km ², district of Neumarkt - the natural area despite the name all in the southern Franconian )

• Escarpment of the southern Franconian Alb ( 43.24 km ², Weißenburger Alb and Hahnenkamm )
• Weißenburger Alb, spur at the eaves between Altmühltherme - (W) and Schwarzachtal (O) at White Castle
• Altmühltal multipart bird sanctuary rocks and hillside forests in Altmühltal Wellheimer Arroyo ( 36.11 km ²)
• Eichstätter Alb, Southern Frankenalb the Altmühtal in Eichstätt
• Bird sanctuary Altmühtal oestrus Schwaigau and Altmuehlsee ( 50.03 km ², but only at a fraction of the southeast in the Franconian; County White Castle -Gunzenhausen )
• Multipart FFH area median Altmühtal Wellheimer Arroyo and Schambachtal ( Medium Altmühtal Wellheimer Arroyo and Schambachtal ( 42.05 km ²)

• Two-part FFH area (some NSG) Hienheimer forest east and west Swabia ( 11.89 km ², East, Kelheim )
• FFH Donauwörther forest with training area and Harburg Karab ( 24.01 km ², the west, the district of Donau -Ries )

Nature parks

Natural Park of the Franconian Alb are:

• Franconian Switzerland Nature Park Veldenstein Forest, largely congruent with the Northern Franconian
• Nature Park deer forest, north of the center of the Middle Franconian, Amberg -Sulzbach
• Nature Altmühltal, largely congruent with the southern Franconian

Mountains

Among the mountains of the Frankish Alb and its main witnesses mountains - sorted by height in meters ( m) above mean sea level; Counties as a license plate ):

Tourism

Tourist of particular interest is the Northern Franconian Alb, Franconian Switzerland, which has numerous rock formations. Tourist importance was also the Altmühltal in the southern Franconian with side valleys with eroded rocks of the ancient Danube as " climbing paradise " and with continuous cycling routes. To include the Altmühltal and the Northern Frankenjura the more important climbing areas in Germany and are internationally known rock climbers.

Worth seeing are the many castles and small villages. The trails are marked and maintained by volunteer associations such as the Frankish Albverein and the Franconian Switzerland - Club.

The districts of Amberg- Sulzbach, Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz, Regensburg ( western part) and Kelheim marketed by Tourism Marketing Eastern Bavaria GmbH under the concept of art Bayerischer Jura.

Geology

The Franconian Jura is the geological continuation of the Swiss Jura and the Swabian Alb to the east.

In the time of the White Jura lay before about 161 million to 150 million years all over southern Germany in the area of a flat sea, as a powerful rock sequences have been deposited on the sea floor due to a permanent reduction in the earth's crust. The Jurassic sediments still comprise the majority of the rocks, mainly limestone, and are the basic material of the Franconian Alb.

Due to uplift of the European continental plate towards the end of the Upper Jurassic, the sea withdrew and larger areas were at the beginning of the following Cretaceous first mainland. During this time there was a tropical climate and there was an intense weathering of previously incurred limestone and dolomite rocks.

During the period of Late Cretaceous again came before a sea in the area of the Franconian Alb.

In the Tertiary was carried out by regional uplift again a sea decline and a partial exposure of the Jura landscape.

The Franconian Jura is full of beautiful rocks, caves, sinkholes, karst springs and Stone gutters. It is traversed by some deep rivers and streams and dry valleys. A biological features are the dry grassland slopes of the Southern Alps.

References and Notes

• Map service landscapes shows boundaries of individual part landscapes and makes landscape characteristics with square footage ( 80xxx = Northern, 81xxx = Medium, 82xxx = Southern Franconian Alb ) clickable
• Map service protected areas shows mountain heights down to TK 25; Nature Reserves, Special Areas of Conservation, nature parks (each with square footage ), main units and municipal boundaries be faded