Sakha Republic
67127Koordinaten: 67 ° 0 ' N, 127 ° 0' O
Sakha ( Yakutia also, Russian Якутия, Yakut Саха Сирэ ) is a republic in the northeastern part of the Asian Russia. Sacha is the largest area of federal subject of the Russian Federation and the largest among state territorial unity of the world. The official name is the Republic of Sakha ( Yakutia) (Russian Республика Саха ( Якутия ), Yakut Саха Өрөспүүбүлүкэтэ ). The word Sacha means "man."
Geography
The area of the Republic of Sakha is about as large as that of the European Union with 3,083,523 km ² without the British Isles, Sweden and Finland, but less than a four- hundredth of the population of that hull Europe. In the north, the Republic is bordered by the Arctic Ocean, where it reaches its northernmost mainland point at 73 ° 59 ' 31 " N at Cape Paksa between Nordvik Bay and Anabargolf, about 400 km south of Cape Tscheljuskin, which belongs to the Krasnoyarsk region northernmost mainland point of Old World. The northernmost land area Sacha forms which belongs to the New Siberian archipelago Henrietta Island at 77 ° 6 ' 0 " N. To the south Sacha ranges Aldanhochland down to the latitude of Copenhagen. The territory extends from the Middle Siberian mountains in the west over the valley of the Lena ( Mitteljakutische lowlands ), the Verkhoyansk Mountains, the Tscherskigebirge about Jana Indigirka lowlands to the Kolyma lowland (western and eastern part of the East Siberian lowlands ) in the northeast. For the Republic also includes the New Siberian Islands.
The largest part of the Republic belongs to the catchment area of the Lena. The main rivers are in addition to the Lena and Aldan Wiljui its tributaries, as well as the currents Indigirka and the Kolyma.
The entire territory is occupied by permafrost. If this thaw in the summer and the snow and ice melt, occur in the river valleys and in particular in the lowlands subject to flooding or water.
Administrative divisions and cities
The Sakha Republic is divided into 34 counties and the city of Yakutsk Rajons and Schatai.
Capital and only major city is Yakutsk. More than 20,000 people are still Nerjungri, Mirny, Lensk and Aldan. Nationwide awareness have the " cold pole " Verkhoyansk and Oymyakon obtained.
Population
The population had verzweieinhalbfacht 1939 to 1989, had dropped by more than 140,000 then until the beginning of the 21st century, but has held ever since.
The Yakuts are a Turkic people jakutischsprachiges. In 1900 the Siberian ethnic groups of the region, together with the Yakuts, the Evenki, Evens, Dolgan, Chukchi and Yukagirs were still almost exclusively the realm. In Soviet times, then poured hundreds of thousands of settlers into the country to exploit the mineral resources. The number of other ethnic groups grew (especially Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Moldovans, Tatars and Buryats ) of 30 315 persons in 1926 to 637 277 persons in 1989, and the Yakuts became a minority in the country. Today, the titular nation is but again almost half of the population, because many of the immigrants left the former mining centers mainly because of unemployment again. The Germans from Russia have left the region mainly. However, there are a few groups of immigrants - mainly from the Central Asian republics of the former Soviet Union - to grow. To them, the Kirghiz (2002 1454 and 2010 5022 people), Uzbeks (2002 1207 and 2010 3332 people) and the Tajiks are (2002 1105 and 2010 2696 people). Besides live in Yakutia numerous smaller ethnic groups, including the Yukagirs.
The official languages are Yakut and Russian. The majority of the population are Christians; after gross estimate of up to two thirds of the population. Some of the Yakuts, Buryats, Evens and Evenki practicing shamanism.
History
In the 14th century, the Yakuts migrated from the southern Baikal area after a Sakha ( Yakutia).
In the 17th century, the Russian immigration began, today's capital of Yakutsk was founded in 1632.
Sacha was in the days of the Soviet Union an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic ( ASSR ) within the Russian republic. Soviet times was located in parts of the Republic of industry, leading to the migration of a large number of Russians to be.
With dissolution of the Soviet Union Sacha far-reaching autonomy rights were admitted.
Policy
- President: Yegor Borisov Afanasievich (since 2010)
- Vice-Chairman: Dmitry Glushko Jewgenjewitsch
- Parliament ( Il Tumen ): 1 United Russia (50 MPs), 2 KPRF (7 MPs), Just Russia (5 MPs), Civic Platform (2 MPs), Soglasije (2 MPs)
Economy
Sacha is rich in mineral resources such as precious metals, oil, coal or diamonds. Its share of the world's total production is over 13 %, with Yakuts own the rights since the collapse of the Soviet Union to process the rough diamonds. In the Soviet Union, the diamonds have been delivered to Moscow. Even today, there is a part of the Yakut mining industry in state ( Russian ) property.
Mythology
A legend says that God, when he created the earth, an angel sent with a bag full of riches over Siberia. When he flew over Yakutia, his fingers were stiff with cold, and he dropped everything. All the riches, gold, silver and platinum fell to the earth. However, from anger over his loss he punished this region with eternal winter.