Usain Bolt
Usain Bolt at the World Championships in Berlin 2009
Usain St. Leo Bolt (* August 21 1986 in Sherwood Content, Jamaica ) is a Jamaican sprinter, six -time Olympic champion, eight -time world champion and world record holder in the 4 x 100 - meter relay, the 100 - and 200-meter run. With a current world record time of 9.58 s, situated on 16 August 2009 at the finals at the World Athletics Championships in Berlin, he is so far the only person who ran the 100 meters in less than 9.6 seconds. In selfsame he also unveiled in 19.19 s on the world record on the 200-meter distance.
Usain Bolt is the only sprinter in the Olympics, the defense of a Doubles from 100 - and 200 - meter sprint was successful, and is measured by medals of the most successful participants in outdoor World Championships. He is also known as the " highest paid athlete in the history of athletics " and was repeatedly voted the athletes and World Sportsman of the Year.
Career
Attracted international attention Bolt 2002, when he in front of a home crowd in Kingston Junior World Champion over 200 meters at the age of only 15 years. After he became 2003 Youth World Champion, he asked a week later on the junior world record. The following year, Bolt finally became the first and only Junior (April 2012), which could cover the 200 meters in under 20 seconds when he s aufstellte the valid today world record for juniors with 19.93. Comparatively disappointing ran for him, however, the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, where he had moved hampered by a calf injury in the previous course of the season, retired, in the flow.
2005 Bolt reached at the World Championships in Helsinki for the first time the finals large Championships, during which he was injured, however, and the last one was limping to the finish. His best time he improved again in 2006, when he with 19.88 s was only 2 hundredths of a second above the national record of Donald Quarrie at Athlétissima meeting in Lausanne.
This could eventually break Bolt 2007, when he s ran at the state championships 19,75. Also, that time made him the world's third fastest runner of the year after Tyson Gay and Walter Dix. With 10.03 s and 45.28 s Bolt in 2007 was over 100 and 400 meters rising level.
In the final of the 2007 World Championships in Osaka about 200 meters then succeeded his greatest success so far in his young career: Behind the outstanding sprinter Tyson Gay in the world championships, he was able to secure s the silver medal in a time of 19.91. Two days later, Bolt won the 4 x 100 - meter relay, the case set a national record, turn the silver medal.
Usain Bolt is suffering since childhood scoliosis and is in regular treatment.
2008
3 May 2008 Bolt achieved over the 100 meter distance for a time of 9.76 s, which not only meant Weltjahresbestleistung, but the second fastest ever time run over this distance under normal wind conditions was. He increased his personal best thus equal to 27 hundredths of a second.
At the Reebok Grand Prix in New York City on 31 May 2008, in which there was more than 100 meters at a meeting of Bolt and world champion Tyson Gay, he improved the pre-existing world record of his compatriot Asafa Powell by two hundredths of seconds. He ran in regular tailwind of 1.7 meters per second, a time of 9.72 s
16 August 2008 Usain Bolt improved at the Olympic Games in Beijing with 9.69 s his own world record in the final of the 100-meter run. He reached a top speed of 43.9 km / h Thus he became the first Jamaican Olympic gold over this distance. About twenty meters before the finish line Bolt slowed the pace and spread out his arms jubilantly, so he missed an even better time ( the astrophysicist Hans Eriksen and colleagues determined later possible 9.55 s ), especially since his shoelaces had opened and thus over long parts of the route his shoe and was still open. Since the time scored by 9.69 s with no wind, the performance is almost equivalent to the 0.9 m / s tailwind way past 9.58 s in Berlin a year later. At 200 meters, it was on 20 August 2008 at 19.30 s two hundredths under the twelve- year-old world record of Michael Johnson. What is remarkable about this run was that Bolt ran out of time at 0.9 meters per second headwind. He is the first athlete since Carl Lewis, the victory over both 100 and 200 meters succeeded. On 22 August 2008 he won his third gold medal in the 4 x 100 - meter relay. Bolt presented in this run with the Jamaican relay on his third world record during the Olympic Games.
2009
At the behest of his coach Bolt completed at the beginning of two 400-meter runs in 46.35 s or 45.54 s, before he competed in competitions over the two shorter sprint distances. Already in his first 100 - meter race, which was held in Jamaica before the season on March 15, he cracked with 9.93 s, the 10 -second mark. Late April Bolt was involved in a car accident in which he drew upon but no serious injuries. He was discharged from the hospital on the day of the accident and was two weeks later participate in staged in the center of Manchester Great City Games. With 14.35 s he set a new world best time over the rarely discharged 150 - meter track.
His participation in the World Championships in Berlin he secured with victories in the 100 and 200 meters at the national championships. In July, he ran in Lausanne with 19.59 s on the 200-meter distance, the fourth-fastest ever time run.
At the World Championships in Berlin, Bolt won 16 August 2009 in the 100 meters gold medal and improved during this run his own world record to 9.58 s It reached Bolt between the 60 - and 80 - meter mark, the highest speed of 44 72 km / h His reaction time was 0.146 seconds, 0.027 seconds slower than the fastest, Richard Thompson.
In the 200 - meter race in Berlin, he won gold with a new world record of 19.19 s, his reaction time of 0.133 seconds was the fastest of all participants. In addition, he won in Berlin with the Jamaican 4 x 100 meters relay gold, but not presented recently in Beijing in this discipline a new world record.
For his outstanding achievements he received from the Mayor of Berlin Klaus Wowereit, a three meter high original piece of the Berlin Wall, on which he himself is painted in color.
2010
Bolt started the season well, only with a 200 - meter race in 19.56 s, then with a win in his Diamond League debut in Shanghai. On 27 May he performed at Ostrava Golden Spike at about the 300 - meter track, with the aim to break the world record by Ben Johnson. This was 30.85 s, Bolt missed it with 30.97 s at twelve hundredths of a second. This was followed by 100-meter victory at the Diamond League meeting in Lausanne and Paris, before he claimed 14 wins his second defeat had to put in a 100 -meter final on August 6 at the DN Galan in Stockholm in a row. Tyson Gay, the second in the world championships in Berlin, s was by far the first, while Bolt 's crossed the finish line after 9.97 in 9.84. Usain Bolt stated that he probably " had something to take things slow " training this year, while Gay was just in better condition due to intensive preparations.
2011
Bolt began with two victories over the 100 meter distance in Rome and Ostrava in the season. Furthermore antretend in Europe, he played now some 200-meter runs: In Oslo, he presented with 19.86 s the interim Weltjahresbestleistung on. On 8 July 2011, he won the 200 meters of the Diamond League meeting in Paris. He crossed the finish line in a time of 20.03 s, winning so before Christophe Lemaitre. With the same time he won a few weeks later in Stockholm.
On July 22, he ran for the first time in two months again the 100 meters at the Diamond League meeting in Monaco. He won it with a tail wind of 1.0 m / s in 9.88 s, set for themselves to new season best, missed it but to break the Weltjahresbestleistung of Asafa Powell.
At the world championships in the same year in Daegu he arrived as the favorite in the 100 -meter final, where he was, however, disqualified for a false start. World Champion was his compatriot Yohan Blake. At 200 meters Bolt won the gold medal in a time of 19.40 s. A second gold medal of these world championships won Bolt a day later along with Nesta Carter, Michael Frater and Yohan Blake in the 4 x 100 - meter relay competition. The Jamaican relay presented here with a time of 37.04 seconds for a new world record.
On September 13, he improved his season best in Zagreb to 9.85 s In his last start, the Memorial Van Damme in Brussels three days later, Bolt managed to break the Weltjahresbestzeit Powell still, and came to 9.76 s at 1.3 m / s tail wind before Nesta Carter to the finish.
At the end of the year it stood only five runs under the 10 -second mark and only two 200 - meter race, with whom he came in less than 20 seconds into the goal to book - far less than in his most successful years 2008, 2009, 2012 and 2013.
2012
Back in January, said Bolt for the two Diamond League meetings in Oslo and Rome for the 100-meter distance. His first single start he put on the 100 meters to go in Kingston. There he won ahead of Michael Frater with the fastest time ever recorded of the year: 9.82 s After his fastest season opener of all time, however, he showed up in Ostrava loss: With 10.04 s he won the race though, was, however, disappointed and not in Olympic form. On May 31, however, he seemed unfazed and ran it in Rome, the 100 meters in 9.76 s Weltjahresbestzeit He won ahead of Powell, who took 9.91 s to the finish. Also on 7 June in Oslo he came to Powell in the first place, albeit with less projection: Bolt came to 9.79 s the goal, his compatriot after 9.85 s
On June 29, he cashed in the Jamaican 'Trials his first defeat in two years. After a slow start, he was still able to overtake Powell, but his training partner Blake ran 9.75 s in the first place. Two days later he had again beaten by Blake over the 200 meter distance. With 19.83 s, he was just three hundredths of a second behind him to the finish. After the Trials, he complained about Bolt back problems and said the participation in the Herculis Monaco from, but at the same time assured that the Olympic participation is not jeopardized.
At the Olympic Games in London in 2012, he ran the final 100 meters in 9.63 s ( Olympic record ) and once again won gold. The Jamaican sat down after a good start 40 meters from the finish decisively and remained twelve hundredths of a second before his opponent Yohan Blake. In the final 200 meters, he secured with 19.32 s also before Blake the gold medal. So Bolt is the first sprinter, the defense of Doubles 100 - and 200 - meter sprint at the Olympic Games succeeded. The third gold medal he won in the 4 x 100 - meter relay along with Frater, Carter and Blake with a new world record time of 36.84 s
On August 23, he broke with 19.58 s at Athlétissima in the Lausanne meeting record he had set himself three years ago. He won his first Diamond League start of the season about 200 meters in front of Churchill Andy Martina and nickel Ashmeade. A week later, he presented at the World Class Zurich to a new meeting record: When it rains, he came up with 19.66 s in front of his countrymen Ashmeade and Jason Young to the finish. On September 7, he won the season finale in the 100 meters at the Van Damme Memorial in 9.86 s and secured the victory with 16 points in the overall standings of the Diamond League.
2013
In the new season, he started with his first 400 - meter race for three years. In the Camperdown Classics in Kingston, he won his time running in 46.71 s, which, although far exceeded his personal best of 2007 total still enough for third place. He completed a second 400 -meter run on March 23, also in Kingston, this time he came to 46.44 s finish.
On March 31, he entered in Rio de Janeiro on a specially installed for this race covering over the 150 -meter distance. He had previously announced its intention to the world record of 14.35 s, which he had set up in Manchester in 2009, breaking. However 3000 spectators who had gathered on the beach of Copacabana, he missed with 14.42 s this time scarce. After he had to cancel because of a thigh injury, the Jamaica Invitational, he won a race on May 8 in the Cayman Islands. The time of 10.09 s and the fact that he was named after a photo finish before Kemar Bailey - Cole the winner, made it for him, but at a weak start to the season in the 100 meters. On June 6 he had in Rome his first international defeat since 2010 in Stockholm - where he lost to Tyson Gay - accept, Justin Gatlin won with 9.94 s one hundredth of a second ahead of Bolt. At the Bislett Games in Oslo, however, he won over the 200 - meter track befitting in 19.79 s
In the Jamaican Championships, he won the 100 meters in 9.94 s, which he qualified for the World Championships in Moscow. About 200 meters he did not have to compete: The Jamaican Athletics Association had chosen in awarding the wildcard for defending champion Bolt - his compatriot Ashmeade would have them as Diamond Race winner also conceded. In Paris, he countered with 19.73 s the previous Weltjahresbestleistung of Tyson Gay, who was a week later, however, found guilty of doping. In London, he showed up in good shape: First he won in 9.85 s, the 100 - meter race and then together with his teammates from the Racers Track Club with 37.75 s and the 4 x 100 - meter relay.
In the 14th IAAF World Championships in Moscow Bolt won three gold medals as with the championships in Berlin in 2009. About 100 meters he won in 9.77 s before the Americans Gatlin ( 9.85 s ), over 200 meters in Weltjahresbestleistung of 19.66 s in front of his team-mates Warren Weir ( 19.79 sec), with the 4 - x 100 - meter relay also Weltjahresbestleistung of 37.36 s, together with Nesta Carter, Kemar Bailey - Cole and nickel Ashmeade. With a total of eight won gold and two silver medals he is the most successful participants in outdoor World Championships.
When world-class Zurich, the first Diamond League climax, he won the 100 - meter race before Ashmeade and Gatlin in 9.90 s before he was in Brussels on September 6, his last race of the season with 9.80 s First.
In September, he said the first time that the plan to end his career after the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro.
Awards
2008, 2009, 2011, 2012 and 2013 was named the World Athlete of the Year Usain Bolt of the IAAF. 2009, 2010 and 2013 respectively Bolt received the Laureus World Sports Award as the World Athlete of the Year.
Also in the years 2008, 2009 and 2012, he was chosen by the French sports newspaper L' Équipe to the international " champion of champions".
In 2009 he was awarded the Order of Jamaica, the fourth highest medal of Jamaica. 2011 Bolt was honored by the University of the West Indies with an honorary doctorate. He was also 2008, 2009, 2011 and 2012 elected to Jamaica's athletes of the year.
Running style and performance
Its size of 1.95 m affects his running style in many ways. On the one hand it leads to a slow start phase, since it must move more mass. In addition, he sometimes falls by almost carelessly acting response times as 2012 in Ostrava with 0,180 s. So is the beginning of his race often another Sprinter forward while later taking the lead. On the other hand, he comes with his long legs, which measure 110 centimeters from the bottom to the waist, to increments of up to 2.95 meters in length. His average stride length is 2.43 meters; he manages to be faster than sprinters like Tyson Gay and Yohan Blake, whose advantage is a higher step frequency. With his victories in Beijing, Berlin and London he needed each 41 steps to get to the finish. Although his rival Blake at the 2012 Olympic Games took 46 steps with an average length of only 2.17 meters, but at a frequency of 4.72 steps per second, Bolt ranged due to its longer steps only 4.28 steps per second for the win.
The physical examination of Bolt's world record run in 2009 took place in 2013 in the European Journal of Physics, vol 34, p 1227th After Bolt's body needed an average force of 815.8 Newtons, the maximum force was reached shortly after the start of 1000 Newtons. The peak power was achieved with 2620 Watt 0.89 seconds after the start. 81.6 kilojoules of energy consumed Bolt in this run.
Self-promotion and attraction
Usain Bolt is also responsible for his production before the start and known after his victories. As a famous pose applies depending on the interpretation as "archer" or " astrologer " designed movement. More show performances were, for example, push-ups after his 200-meter victory in London or various dances and pantomime representations. After he put his feet in the starting blocks, he also crosses himself always and also a hint of the sky is an integral ritual. At the Olympic Games in 2008, he caused a stir when he was already 80 meters slowed the pace in the 100 -meter final, turned around and then pat with the hand on the chest. In addition, his shoelaces were open and his shoe was thus open over large parts of the route. Due to its Jubelpose during the race, the President of the IOC Jacques Rogge warned him more respect for his opponents.
After his first success in 2002 Bolt received by the press the nickname " Lightning Bolt" ( German: lightning).
"I'm now a legend. So I'm the greatest athlete to live. "
"I am now a legend. I am also the greatest living athlete. "
The President of the IOC Rogge responded to Bolt's statement and said that Bolt was not a legend yet and this item up to end of his career did not deserve, but relented later and named him the best sprinter of all time.
Bolt also considered to be the biggest attraction of athletics. He is, for example, as a title face for numerous competitions and also as an advertising partner (Visa, Puma) popular. His role as a crowd puller was also confirmed by the organizers of various meetings. In the words of the organizers of Athlétissima in Lausanne that Bolt anlocke at major competitions such as in Rome or Paris to the 10,000 additional spectators. That's why many organizers of invitation tournaments are also willing to spend a large part of the athlete 's budget for Bolt, as in the Athlétissima 2012, where he Swiss francs ( the equivalent of approximately 250,000 euros ) as a starting fee around 300,000, out of a total budget of one million. On the other hand, it was 2013 cheaper invite for the meeting director of Athlétissima Jacky Dela Pierre 200,000 Swiss francs the four top sprinter Blake, Gay, Gatlin and Powell instead of Bolt. In addition, many organizers admit him special rights, such as their own press conferences or special stadium enemas.
2012, Forbes magazine listed him on rank 63 highest-earning athletes and thus No. 1 on the athletes. It is noteworthy that only $ 300,000 comes from a total of 20.3 million U.S. dollars in prize money and the rest of the entry fees, sponsors and from advertising contracts. Bolts supplier Puma pays annually 9 million U.S. dollars for the advertising contract with him. In 2013 he again became the bestverdienende athlete. With 24.2 million dollars this time he was even ranked number 40 among all athletes.