Fiat Automobiles
Fiat is the ancestral brand of Fiat SpA and an acronym for Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino ( "Italian Automobile Factory Turin "). Under this brand the company sells only passenger cars and light commercial vehicles ( Fiat Professional), whereas, for example, Fiat Industrial uses other brands. The main markets Fiat branded cars are Europe, South America, Oceania, North America ( excluding the U.S. ) as well as India and China.
- 6.1 Phylla
- 6.2 P -MOB
History
The company Fiat was founded on July 11, 1899 by eight founding members, among them Giovanni Agnelli senior, grandfather of Giovanni Agnelli. The first model was the 3 1/2 HP, were produced from the 1899 to 1900 about 20 copies. 1900 from the 6/8 HP was derived from the 1901 8 HP emerged. 1903 came the 12 HP on the market. In the same year began after the exports to France and England also in the U.S., and the annual production was 134 copies.
1905 Fiat took over the Ansaldi Works, founded Fiat Ansaldi, from which eventually became the Fiat Brevetti society. From 1905 to 1912, the model Brevetti, a Landaulet with 3 -liter displacement and 20 hp, was built in 1600 by. During that time was forced to resign in car racing towards aviation in Europe, this new sport in the U.S. remained very popular. 1911 Fiat began therefore with three newly developed S 74 at the Grand Prix of America. The four-cylinder twin-unit engine of about 14 liters capacity developed 190 hp. The red Fiat dominated the race.
1912 began with the production of the Zero mass production. The Zero was a Voiturette, so a small car under 2 liters, of which more than 2000 copies were manufactured in the body shapes and Torpedo Spider. 1914 S 57/14 has been developed for the GP of France, which developed 135 hp at 4.5 liters and still achieved success in car racing until 1921. After the first World War, the rationalization of production was in 1919 with the Model 501 driven by standardization: The amount of steel tubes was reduced by 70 %, from over 1000 different metal tube types were 36 and several hundred ball bearings were reduced to 52. Both production and transportation and warehousing have been simplified. The 501 was produced as a sedan, Spider and torpedo and performed at 1500 cm ³ 23 HP. By the end of 1926 he built 45,000 times. He represented an export success and achieved in its sports version from 1920 also successes in sports race.
With the model 801 Fiat at that time also achieved success in Grand Prix racing. 1922 Fiat Super was introduced, which was 12-cylinder, 6800 cc and six seats manufactured in the body shapes or Dorsay torpedo torpedo. In the same year the Autodrome of Monza was inaugurated, developed the race car to the Fiat 804. It corresponded to the new two-liter racing formula, and won with his 6- cylinder engine the GP of France and the Italian Grand Prix. In 1923 it was the Fiat 805 with a turbocharged 8- cylinder engine. 1924 Ernest Eldridge scored with the Fiat Mefistofele, Fiat SB4 from a converted 1908 the absolute speed record for land vehicles with 234.980 km / h
In 1925 Fiat introduced its new model 509 in another innovation, which should further increase sales and thus the mass mobilization: the credit sale. At the same time the 509 with only 1 liter engine was the smallest car, the Fiat built to date. It gave him as a torpedo, Spider, convertible and sedan. 1927 presented at the GP of Monza 806. He was considered avant-garde vehicle made with 12 cylinders and compressor at 1500 cm ³ 187 PS at 8500 rpm and immediately won the GP at Monza. After that, Fiat withdrew from motor sport, because you wanted to concentrate on the production of bulk vehicles.
Accordingly reached Fiat 1932 record production of 22,122 units, of which 6578 were exported. At the same time, the Fiat 508 Balilla was presented, which would later prove to be the largest mass success, had brought the Fiat to date on the market. From it arise later the Fiat 1100, which was made to the presentation of the Fiat 128 developed in 1969. He was the celebrated car for the people, " a gift from Fiat to the Italians ", built as a sedan, torpedo and Spider, with initially 995 cc and a maximum speed of 85 km / h Its sport version was still manufactured and sold in the 1960s as SIATA Spring.
Beginning of the thirties a revolution took place in the body design. The Fiat 1500 of 1935 was the first Fiat model of this development. He was enthusiastically welcomed as representative of modern times, was 446 cm long, made at 1493 cm ³ 45 HP, drove 115 km / h fast and consumed 12 liters. 1936 followed the revolutionary 500 Topolino called, whose pedigree stretching back to 1916, without ever series production was from 1937 was followed by the new version of the completely redesigned Balillas, and 1949, the new 500C has been sent to the market. In 1950, the all-new 1400 Fiat appeared as a sedan and convertible, 1952, the big brother of Fiat in 1900 as a sedan and coupe. With the Fiat Turbina was tested in 1954 the use of gas turbines in vehicle.
The Fiat 850 has been a huge sales success as a sedan, coupe or an open Spider. In general, the 1960s were the years of success of the Fiat group: It acquired a stake in Ferrari in 1966, which was also at the Fiat brand on the anniversary sport model Fiat Dino Coupe and Spider.
With the new models 128 and 127 had been developed for 1969 and 1971 European Car of the Year, and despite emerging quality problems great sales success. In addition, the 124 proved since 1966 as a great sales success. In addition to production in Italy he was then manufactured under license as the Tofaş Murat at plants in Turkey, as Lada 1200 in the Soviet Union and a seat 124 and 1430 in Spain.
In addition, they built productions in Argentina and Brazil, in addition to the Fiat 126 and the Fiat Polski 1500 under license in Poland. In addition, it was decided collaborations with Peugeot, Saab, with Alfa Romeo and Ferrari.
In addition to the large-scale models were developed to mark the centennial anniversary from 1966 special models such as the Fiat Dino Coupe and Spider 124 Sport Coupe and Sport Spider, and not least the big 130 sedan and coupe.
At the beginning of the 1970s produced and were sold both worldwide and in Europe more cars than VW and was according to these criteria, the largest automotive group in Europe. This is also made in the USA in advertising with the slogan "the biggest selling car in europe" clear out. Due to the extensive range of products, so could offer no other manufacturer, was made with the slogan advertising: " Fiat - any size, any power, 18-180 HP ".
From the mid- 1970s, the competition was particularly on the European markets getting tougher, and then the wide range of models of the manufacturer got into distress. In the major markets such as France and Germany national alternatives were available, where it was previously resorted to Fiat. Even the 132 was the 125 not replace, much less the 131 Mirafiori the 124 The Ritmo handed in the compact class not come close to the success of the 128.
On September 23, 1986 Libya sold its 15-percent stake in Fiat and the Agnelli family to the German bank.
In the 1980s, Fiat produced many milestones of automotive design, led by the minimalist Panda, which was marketed with the slogan " The great crate ". A wheel variant was built by Steyr -Puch in Austria. This was followed by the UN, which was also designed by Giugiaro and the equally successful Tipo. Although the car had a good rust prevention, the models, the image of the rust bucket was often imputed. Fiat was the first manufacturer in 1988 with the 1.9 TD id Croma in a diesel direct injection engine in cars. Fiat itself never marketed this as an innovation, even as other manufacturers mid-1990s followed.
In the 1990s, the Fiat Marea was the first vehicle with common rail diesel engine introduced at all, this innovation was again within a few years with many brands as standard. The Punto replaced the Uno and Seicento the Cinquecento. At that time it was customary at Fiat, that no model was named the predecessor so successful, the model was also.
1993 several board members of Fiat were involved in a corruption scandal.
The Tempra and the successor Bravo / Brava and Marea were only moderately successful. In niches of the Multipla and the Barchetta alleged. A great success was achieved with the launch of the Fiat 500 and the Fiat Panda. The Fiat Doblò is also offered by Opel as Opel Combo D. The Fiat 500e ( electric) was introduced in April 2013; Fiat expects a loss of $ 10,000 per car.
Fiat in Germany
Since the beginning of the 20th century Fiat vehicles are exported to Germany. Due to the success founded Fiat on 5 May 1922, the German subsidiary of Fiat automobile sales corporation. Office of the Company was for many years in Berlin, from 1929 through the acquisition of the Heilbronn - NSU factory also built vehicles in Germany, there also the headquarters of Fiat Germany was laid. The old NSU continued to exist, to distinguish the vehicle factory was henceforth called NSU - Fiat. In 1958, the old NSU but again her vehicles, and processed successfully against Fiat for the suppression of the use of the name NSU. Fiat marketed now on the vehicles from the Heilbronn factory under the name Neckar, as the establishment of this new brand did not succeed long-term production on Fiat vehicles was changed, and completely abandoned in 1973. However, important departments of Fiat in Heilbronn remained present until today, in 2007 the office was moved to Frankfurt Germany.
New car registrations in Germany
Source: Federal Motor Transport Authority (KBA )
Presence
Traditionally, Fiat cooperates with PSA, a collaboration with Ford, which would have ended the independence of the Fiat group in the final analysis, was largely completed. Collaborations continue to exist with Tata Motors and General Motors ( Opel ). For the final quarter of 2005 for four and a quarter years, the car division of the Group, has recently acquired an operating profit. The sales of the new models are looking very promising. Thus, the Grande Punto was the best-selling car in Europe in the first quarter of 2006. In addition, Fiat received for the Sedici 7000 pre-orders within the first 10 days, thus selling Fiat at a stroke 2/3 of the planned 10,000 units by the end of 2006. For the new Fiat Bravo (type 198) were 70,000 units planned by the end of February 2008 for sale, in August 2007, but sold more than 80,000. The new Fiat 500 surpassed any expectations that were set in the volume of orders. Experts interpret this as a "sign of a turnaround, " and as " successful rehabilitation".
Opened in 2006, Fiat 's new brands and experience world Mirafiori Motor Village.
The Serbian Government and representatives of the Italian automotive group Fiat signed a joint venture agreement on 29 September 2008, by the Fiat takes over 67 percent of the Zastava factory in Kragujevac. In the modernization of Zastava almost 1 billion euros are to be invested. According to the plans of Fiat production of the Fiat Punto 188/Zastava 10 is to be increased under the new name for the year 2009 to 15,000 cars. Currently exist plans for the period after 2009, ( similar to the new Ford Ka, not to be confused with the Fiat 500) to start the Zastava plant production, or at least a partial production of the new Fiat Topolino.
As part of the strategic subsidiary of Fiat Group at the Chrysler Group common platforms should be developed and used. Synergy effects are expected for Fiat in particular through closer cooperation with Dodge. In the third quarter of 2011 was presented from this Fiat Freemont, it followed the Dodge Dart in the U.S..
Models of the Fiat brand
Model Overview
Current models (Europe): 500 | 500L | 500L Living | 500L Trekking | Bravo | Doblò | Freemont | Linea | Palio | Panda | Punto | Qubo | Ducato | Fiorino | Scudo | Sedici | Strada
Historic cars since 1945: 500 | 600 | 770 | 850 N | 850 Coupé | 850 Spider | 1100 | 1100 TV Trasformabile | 1200 Gran Luce | 1200 Granluce Trasformabile | 1300 | 1400 | 1500 | 1500 convertible | 1600 S Cabriolet | 1800 | 1900 | 2100 | 2300 | 2300 S Coupé | 124 | 124 Coupé | 124 Spider | 125 | 126 | 126 BIS | 127 | 128 | 130 | 130 Coupé | 131 Mirafiori | 132 | 133 | 147 | Argenta | Barchetta | Brava | Bravo | Cinquecento | coupe | Croma | Dino | Duna | Elba | Idea | Marea | Multipla | Premio | Regata | Ritmo | Stilo | Tempra | Tipo | Ulysse | Uno | Seicento | X1 / 9
Historic Commercial Vehicles: 170 | 190 | 238 | 241 | 242 | 300 | 615 | 616 | 619 | 640 | 642 | 643 | 645 | 673 | 680 | 682 | 690 | 693 | 850 T | 900 | 1100 ELR | 1100 t | Campagnola | Daily | Marengo | Penny | S series | Talento | Z series
Historic cars 1922-1945: 508 | 509 | 510 | 512 | 514 | 515 | 518 | 519 | 520 | 520 Super Fiat | 521 | 522 | 524 | 525 | 527 | 1100 | 1500 | 2800
Historic cars 1901-1922: 3.5 HP | 8 HP | 10/12 HP | 12/16 HP | 12/20 HP | 15/20 HP | 15/25 HP | 16/20 HP | 18/24 HP | 24 / 32 HP | 24/40 HP | 28/40 HP | 50/60 HP | 60 HP | Tipo 0 | 0 Tipo A | Tipo 1 | Tipo 1 to | Tipo 1 A | Tipo 2 | 2 Tipo B | Tipo 3 | Tipo 3 A | Tipo 3 ter | Tipo 4 | Tipo 5 | Tipo 6 | 7 Tipo
Racing cars and prototypes: 530 | 8V | Lombardi GP | Mefistofele | Panda Hydrogen | Turbina
Licensed production
Were in different countries and Fiat models to be built under license and partly under other brand names. For example, Russian Lada Nova is based on the Fiat 124 from 1967, the Yugoslav Zastavas had the Fiat 128 and the Fiat 600 as a model. In India, the former Fiat 1100 was built as Premier. In Turkey still further developments of the Fiat 131 Mirafiori in various versions are built under the brand Tofaş. These vehicles carry some even plaques with the indication that it is built under license from Fiat. The former Polski - Fiat 125 from FSO used the Fiat 125 as a technical basis, the Polski - Fiat 126 was a replica of the Fiat 126 by FSM. Also the Spanish seat were up to the beginning of the 1980s, Fiat only replicas. From 1966 to 1968, the Fiat models 850, 850 Coupe, 124 and 124 combination of original parts were manufactured in Bulgaria under the name Pirin - Fiat.
Model History
- Also known as Citroën
- Together with PSA - as Fiat, Peugeot, Citroen (and possibly Lancia or Talbot )
- On a common basis with Ford
- On a common basis with Suzuki
- Identical to Dodge
Internal model numbers
Fiat used since the 1950s three -digit internal model numbers, some of which matched the commercial names (Fiat 124-133 ). Here, some (though not all) of these numbers. Also included are some vehicles from Schwester-/Tochtergesellschaften:
124 Coupé: 1967-1976; 124 Spider: 1966-1985
X1 / 9: 1972-1988
130 Coupé: 1971-1977
Argenta: 1981-1986
Regata: 1983-1990
Duna: 1987-1992
Fiat - brand logos
Almost all Fiat logos include the Art Nouveau lettering with the slanted "A".
When Adrian Frutiger was hired to design the corporate design of the brand new, he designed a diamond grid, which was inspired by the brochures up to the writing of the models and the brand logo herunterdeklinieren. For the purposes of the late 1960s broke it deliberately with tradition.
Logo, 1925
Logo, 1930-1972
Logo for Sport models, 1965-1985
" Scrabble Tiles " logo, 1968-1999 (designed by Adrian Frutiger )
Stylized logo on the front of the vehicle, 1982-1999
Logo, 1999-2007
Logo, since 2007 (draft: Robilant Associati )
Projects
Phylla
The research project Phylla (Greek for leaf ) was operated from 2007 together with the Politecnico di Torino, Turin Chamber of Commerce, the European Design Institute and the Biokunststoffproduzent Nova Mont and financed by the regional government of Piedmont, with 1.2 million euros. It should go into series production in 2010, but had in March 2011, still studies status.
The car has a length of 2.99 meters, a weight of 750 kg and 4 seats. The plastics that have been used for the body are intended to be completely biodegradable.
As emission-free drive, three alternatives are available:
- Lithium -ion batteries ( Range: 145 km ) or
- Lithium Polymer batteries ( Range: 220 km ) may
- A hydrogen engine or a small fuel cell
The current should be generated not only from the outlet but above the photovoltaic cells to obtain a range of 12 to 18 kilometers per day.
Because defined as separate units of the architecture, the passenger compartment and chassis, the car should easily as a four-seat car, as a pick -up can produce mini van or handicapped vehicle.
P -MOB
Since May 2010 a project called P -MOB, to the next Fiat among others, Siemens and the University of Sheffield are involved there. By the end of the project on April 30, 2013, a vehicle should be developed with integrated photovoltaic cells.