Süper Lig

The Süper Lig ( after the official sponsors and " Spor Toto Süper Lig ") is the highest division in the Turkish men's soccer. It was introduced after the decision of the Turkish Football Association in 1959.

In the Süper Lig Turkish soccer champions as well as the participants in the European Cup competitions in the league system, in which each club competes in return games against each other club, played out. The last three teams get into the TFF from 1 Lig.

(A title ) Galatasaray ( 19 items), Fenerbahce ( 18 items), Beşiktaş Istanbul ( 13 items), Trabzonspor ( six titles ) and Bursaspor: Of the now 68 participating clubs so far only five teams to win the Superliga championship. Turkish champions last season 2012/13 was Galatasaray.

• 3.1 Participants of the 2013/14 season
• 3.2 The up and relegated

• 6.1 name of sponsor 6.1.1 Turkcell (2005-2010 )
• 6.1.2 Spor Toto (since 2010)

• 7.1 Players
• 7.2 Coaches
• 7.3 associations
• 7.4 Master Records
• 7.5 Miscellaneous

Mode

During a championship year, which is divided into a round-trip round to hit all 18 clubs in the Süper Lig according to a fixed pre-season game plan each other twice; once each in their own stadium and once at the stadium of the opponent. A Süper Ligspielzeit with their (currently) 34 game days extends generally from August to May

The team that took first place after this double point round receives for one year the title of " Turkish Football Champion ". The three last-place teams must descend into the TFF 1 Lig, ascend the two top ranked teams in return directly in the Süper Lig. In addition, since the 2005/ 06 season play-off games from the Third to Sixth of TFF 1 Lig take place. In addition to the Turkish champions and the losers, the participants will be determined on the European club competitions over the Süper Lig. Having determined the UEFA five-year rating which national association how many clubs in the Champions League and the UEFA Europa League is represented and enter to what stage the clubs in the competitions. Due to the current position of Turkey in the Five-Year Evaluation of the Master of the Süper Lig participate in the Champions League. The runner is entitled to participate in the third qualifying round of the Champions League. The third- and - fourth, like the Turkish football cup winners qualify for the Europa League. If both finalists of the Turkish Cup already qualified on the Süper Lig for the Champions League or the Europa League, fifth-placed in the Europa League takes part. In addition, other teams about fair play rankings can qualify.

After each game, the winning team receives 3 points (since 1987, previously 2 points) and the defeated 0 points, a draw each team 1 point. The points scored a season are added together to give so for every match a current ranking of the clubs. Case of a tie the total score from the games decides against each other on the order of placement, with the same difference is the number of goals scored away. If after two teams still be seated right away, the total goal of the season decides. If this is also the same, a playoff will be played on neutral ground. This was previously in the Süper Lig, however, never the case.

The mode of the Süper Lig was changed to today's league mode from the Mode group after the first season in 1959, since then it has remained virtually unchanged. It fluctuated only the number of participating teams (16 to 22) and the number of relegation places ( 2-4 ). At times also Relegation matches were played to determine an up-and Absteigers. The three-point rule since the 1987/88 season. Before that there was a point for a win and two points for a draw.

History

Year of establishment (1959 )

Prior to the creation of the first common football league in Turkey, the teams from Istanbul, Izmir, Ankara, Eskişehir, Adana and Trabzon played in their own regions to championships. After the Turkish national football team took part in the World Cup in Switzerland in 1954, the Turkish Football Federation decided for a common league. In the years 1957 and 1958, the Federations Cup was held, the winner of this competition took part in the following season at the European Champions Cup. Both seasons ended Beşiktaş Istanbul as the winner. In the European Champions Cup season in 1957/58 Beşiktaş could not attend because of the Turkish Football Federation had missed the deadline to UEFA.

For the participation of the first professional Turkish football league to 16 teams qualified: eight teams from Istanbul and four from Ankara and Izmir. This happened in the own regional leagues.

The 16 founding members of the Süper Lig were finally:

• From Ankara: Ankara Demirspor, Gençlerbirliği, Hacettepe, MKE Ankaragucu
• From Istanbul: Adalet SK, Beşiktaş, Beykozspor, Fenerbahçe, Galatasaray, Istanbulspor, Fatih Karagümrük, Vefa
• From Izmir: Altay, Göztepe Izmirspor, Karşıyaka SK

The first season of top- class soccer Turkish (Turkish: Milli Lig ) was played in two groups of eight teams. One group was the Red Group ( Kırmızı group ), the other group the White group ( Beyaz Grup). In each group, teams played against each other twice. The winner of a game received two points; in a match, there was a point. The respective group winners competed for the championship in the final. In case of equality the goal difference decided. If this was also the same, a direct comparison was considered. This was necessary for the Red Group: Galatasaray and Vefa had at the end of the group stage, 20 points and a goal difference of 11, in direct comparison Galatasaray was in front because they achieved a 0-0 home draw and away against Vefa 1:1 draw played. In the white group Fenerbahçe drew with eight points clear well before Beşiktaş finals.

In the final, there was a return game. Galatasaray won the first leg 1-0 with a goal by Metin Oktay in the 39th minute. The return match Fenerbahçe won 4-0 and became the first official Turkish soccer champions. Both matches were held in Mithatpaşa Stadium (now Inonu Stadium ) instead. First soccer scorer Turkey Metin Oktay was ( Galatasaray ) and it rose from no team.

The Big Three (1960-1975)

The first 16 years of Süper Lig was dominated by Beşiktaş, Fenerbahçe and Galatasaray. Therefore, they are referred to in Turkey as the Big Three. In these 16 years was three times Beşiktaş, Fenerbahçe Galatasaray eight times and six times Turkish soccer champions. Until the 1965/66 season the top three spots were identified alternately among these three clubs. 1966 succeeded Gençlerbirliği Ankara with space 3 to quit this habit. Three years later Eskişehirspor was the first Anatolian club runner. In the season 1969/70 Eskişehirspor repeated this success and was again runner-up behind Fenerbahçe. Galatasaray and Beşiktaş were a distant second place with eight and nine.

In the 1960/61 season an evening match was played for the first time in the history of the league. It was September 13, 1960 the match between Gençlerbirliği Ankara and Adana Demirspor. The Ankara 19 Mayıs Stadyumu was the first stadium in Turkey with Beleutungssytem. With Adana Demirspor came a club from the amateur league, which was not from the founding cities of the league ( Ankara, Istanbul and Izmir). The championship in the 1961/62 season Galatasaray decided for themselves.

In the following season, 1962/63 Galatasaray managed to defend the title, this was achieved for the first time a team. In addition, the winter transfer period and the loan of the player was introduced in the same season. During the season 1963/64, Karşıyaka SK was suspected of match-fixing. Karşıyaka SK players from Kasımpaşa offered to the game to manipulate money, the game ended 4-0 for Karşıyaka. The association fined both clubs with relegation. Kasımpaşa was already Table and Karşıyaka SK Fourteenth. Karşıyaka was thus instead of Beykozspor the last relegated. Two years later, the Civil Court decided in favor of Innocent Karşıyaka and was allowed to participate in the 1st league again in the season 1966/67.

On 1 May 1966, transmitted a live game in the Turkish Radio with Beşiktaş Fenerbahçe for the first time. The Istanbul Technical University transferred the game, it was commented by Halit Kıvanç. A season later were the first division to take a maximum of two foreign players under contract. Until the 1970/71 season foreign arbitrators have been appointed, this season ended.

Metin Oktay presented in this period to a current record until today. He was six times top scorer in the Süper Lig and held the title as the long -time leading scorer in the league.

Fenerbahçe against Trabzonspor (1976-1985)

It took 17 years for the first team to not come from Istanbul, Turkish soccer champion. Trabzonspor was ( 1975/76 season ) of the Süper Lig champions Fenerbahce before in his second year. Thus, the dominance of the Istanbul club was initially completed. This -Track was not the last for the team on the Black Sea. In the following season could defend the title again against Fenerbahçe. The yellow and blues could prevent a title hat-trick Trabzonspor in season 1977/78. Despite a 0-1 defeat on the final day against Trabzonspor handed a point for the ninth championship. In the same season the clubs were allowed to place sponsors on their jerseys.

The previously missed hat-trick took Trabzonspor ( 1978/79, 1979/80, 1980/81 ) to. They were thus the second club Galatasaray after (1970 /71 1971/72 1972 /73) who had made ​​it. Prior to the 1978/79 season forbade you to set or employ foreign coaches to teams. Therefore, Fenerbahçe from the Yugoslav champion coach Toma Kaloperovic had to part, it was a major setback for the team. This ban was lifted from the season 1980/81. From 1979 to 1981, no foreign players were allowed to play for the clubs more. Another control was added: the winner of the Turkish Football Cup had not descend as first division, a team from the 2nd league could automatically move up to the first league. MKE Ankaragucu won the second division of the Turkish Cup and secured for the 1981/82 season as the ascent.

In June 1982, Beşiktaş became champion in 1983 Fenerbahçe and in two seasons was the runner-up Trabzonspor. At the end of the 1983/84 season Trabzonspor was the sixth time champions. Due to this success was of the Three Great now the Four Great (Turkish: dört büyükler ). Fenerbahçe won the championship in 1984/85 despite a tie with Besiktas but by better goal difference.

1984 Tarik Hodžić ( Galatasaray ) became the first foreign player scorer in the Süper Lig

The Big Three again among themselves (1986-1996)

Beşiktaş experienced from 1985 to 1995 its most successful period in the Süper Lig The Black Eagles were in the following ten seasons five championship titles and five runner-up. In the 1985/86 season they won the fifth league title before Galatasaray. For Galatasaray this season did not end with the defeat despite no championship. Coach of Galatasaray was at this time Jupp, outfitted. The surprises this season with 3rd place and 4th place Samsunspor Sariyer GK. When success Samsunspors the striker Tanju Çolak had a large share. With 33 goals this season, he scored a second player by Metin Oktay over 30 goals in a season. 1987 Galatasaray won in 14 years, the Turkish league with one point ahead of Beşiktaş. The scheme with the winners of the Turkish Cup was abolished in this season. Kocaelispor and Bursaspor were allowed according to the judgment of the Administrative Court to stay in the first league and did not dismount. Man accused namely, that in the game between Zonguldakspor and Boluspor the game was rigged. It was not established whether this actually happened. Boluspor and Zonguldakspor were not punished.

The three - point rule was introduced in the season 1987/88. Galatasaray committed at the time the best Turkish striker Tanju Çolak Samsunspor and that paid off for the Lions. Çolak scored 39 goals this season and now holds the record for the highest number of goals alone in one season. He also received the Golden Shoe for this achievement. As in the previous year was again Beşiktaş runner-up. Malatyaspor surprised the league with a 3rd place at end of season. In addition were 1,032 gates, most achieved within a season in league history.

Fenerbahçe played no major role during the duel between Galatasaray and Beşiktaş. Before the season 1988/89 they responded and therefore committed by Sakaryaspor: Aykut Kocaman, Oğuz Çetin and Rizespor: Hasan vizier. All three and the year before committed Ridvan Dilmen brought a superior performance in their first year together, and were rewarded with the title. 73 of 103 goals were scored from the four mentioned players also broke through for the first and so far only time a team the " 100 - goal mark ." Beşiktaş managed to be runner-up for the third time in a row. The season was marred by a tragedy. On 22 January 1989 the team bus Samsunspor had collided on the way to the away game against Malatyaspor with a truck. Coach of Samsunspor Nuri Asan and the players Mete Adanir, Muzaffer Badalıoğlu and Zoran Tomic lost their lives. Many players had their careers due to the injuries they had suffered, quit. According to the judgment of all Samsunspor was released for the second half of the season from the league. The games of the association was seen with 3-0 to the opposing team. Samsunspor was allowed to participate in the 1989/90 season the first league.

After three years as vice-champion Beşiktaş won the 1989/90 season, the success brought the players Feyyaz Ucar (28 goals), Metin Tekin (13 goals) and Ali Gültiken (15 goals). From their fans and the media, the trio Metin - Ali - Feyyaz was called. This name became clear after the league game against Adana Demirspor on 15 October 1989. The game ended after 90 minutes with 10:0, and Metin Feyyaz met three times and Ali met four times the gate. In the two seasons 1990/91 and 1991/92 was again Beşiktaş Champion. On August 25, 1990 was allowed for the first time a private channel a game Gameday broadcast live ( Galatasaray - Boluspor ). The 1991/92 season ended Beşiktaş without defeat.

The fourth league title in a row of Beşiktaş prevented Galatasaray in 1993. On final day beating the team of Karl -Heinz Feldkamp MKE Ankaragucu 8-0 and thus decided the championship. The goals scored among other Falko Götz and Torsten Gütschow. Galatasaray defended the title, coached by Reiner Hollmann. Overall, it was the 10th championship, Galatasaray and was, together with the archrival Fenerbahçe record champions. Tanju Çolak posted September 15, 1992 his 218th goal in the Süper Lig and became the best scorer in league history.

Beşiktaş brought in February 1994, Christoph Daum. A year later he won the championship with his team as the third German coach. Trabzonspor was runner-up. It was the best result of the season since the last championship in 1983/84. In the next 1995/96 season with Beşiktaş thumb reached the 3rd place and resigned as coach. Won the championship after seven years Fenerbahçe. Coach was Carlos Alberto Parreira, who a year ago was world champion with Brazil.

Galatasaray (1997-2000)

Before the season 1996/97 Galatasaray Fatih Terim committed as their new coach. Prior to joining Galatasaray Terim took with Turkey for the first time at a football championship part. Also succeeded in the club's management Gheorghe Hagi to undertake. The reigning champion Fenerbahçe undertook, among other things Jay -Jay Okocha of Eintracht Frankfurt. Galatasaray convincingly won the championship against Beşiktaş eight points clear. Hagi and Hakan Şükür had 52 goals this season together with a large part of this success. Over the next three seasons Galatasaray managed to defend the title. Thus, the club four times in a row won the championship, this was achieved no other club in the Süper Lig

On 17 May 2000 Galatasaray won the UEFA Cup as the first Turkish team.

Fenerbahçe ended the red-yellow dominance (2001-2009)

Before the start of the 2000/01 season left Fatih Terim Galatasaray and trained henceforth the Fiorentina, also Hakan Şükür went to Italy to Inter Milan. As a successor to Mircea Lucescu Terim has been committed and as a substitute for Şükür Mário Jardel came. Also, the archrival Fenerbahçe renewed his squad and brought a new coach. Mustafa Denizli was head coach, before his commitment, he was coach of the Turkish national team and reached the quarter- finals of the European Football Championship 2000. Deciding to champion title went to 34 matches and ended with Fenerbahce as champions with three points ahead of Galatasaray. It was for the yellow and blues of the 14 league titles and finished at the same time the title series of Galatasaray. The following season ended in the same scenario. Only this time was before Galatasaray Fenerbahçe champion. During the season Fenerbahçe Denizli dismissed on 24 December 2001 and dedicated in early January Werner Lorant. Galatasaray separated despite won the championship of Lucescu and took Fatih Terim as coach Lucescu back and moved to city rivals Beşiktaş. Under Lucescu Beşiktaş played again after many years good football and won the championship in 2002/ 03. The decision was made in the penultimate round in a direct duel between Beşiktaş and Galatasaray. With a goal of Sergen Yalçın, the team secured before the home crowd the title.

For the season 2003/ 04 Christoph Daum returned for the third time to the Bosporus. Now After two terms at Beşiktaş (1994-1996 & 2001-2002) he coached Fenerbahçe. He was with his team both in this and in the following season Turkish masters. Was runner-up in two seasons Trabzonspor. The 2005/ 06 played Fenerbahçe and Galatasaray from among themselves. On 31 Round Fenerbahçe won 4-0 against Galatasaray, and was the leader. Until the 34th Round, both teams were equal on points. Fenerbahçe was in direct comparison the better team, why Galatasaray had to hope for a point loss. On the final day Galatasaray won in their own home stadium against Kayserispor 3-0 and pursued the same time the game against Fenerbahçe Away Denizlispor. The game ended with 1:1 in Denizli and Galatasaray became champion. Daum resigned after this season. His successor was Zico. He was in his first season champion against Beşiktaş.

In June 2007, Karl -Heinz Feldkamp returned as manager of Galatasaray. 14 years ago, he was with the lions champions. This time it was again good for his team, but he surprised just before season end with his resignation. Despite his retirement gala was at the end of the season for the 17th time champion. Hakan Şükür posted on September 2, 2007 compared Manisaspor his 241st goal in the Süper Lig and became the top scorer. Overall, it was end of season 249 goals. Finally, he finished his career. Fenerbahçe undertook this season Roberto Carlos and reached the quarterfinals of the UEFA Champions League. Master of the 2008/09 season was Beşiktaş. Coach of the champion team was Mustafa Denizli, the first coach as it managed to become champion with Beşiktaş, Fenerbahçe and Galatasaray. Denizli was not until 7 Round to succeed Ertuğrul Sağlam to the Black and Whites. Sivasspor was runner-up and had the chance to be had to master the final day, but they lost 1-2 against Galatasaray and Beşiktaş won his match against Denizlispor 2-1.

Bursaspor and the bribery scandal of 2010/11 (2010-2011)

The race for the championship of the 2009/10 season was between Fenerbahce and Bursaspor. Christoph Daum coached this season the yellow and blues for the second time. Fenerbahçe went one point ahead of Bursaspor in the last game. Fenerbahçe played against Trabzonspor and Bursaspor against Beşiktaş, both in each home stadium. Bursaspor defeated the reigning champions 2-1. Fenerbahçe, however, drew 1-1 and chaos took its course shortly before the end of the game. The announcer announced during injury time that the match between Bursaspor and Beşiktaş Unentschied ended. After the final whistle the Fenerbahçe fans celebrated on the pitch the alleged Championship. The announcer came forward again and corrected his false announcement and announced that Bursaspor became Turkish champion. There was outrage on the part of Fenerbahçe fans. Bursaspor celebrated its first championship won. The Championship 2010/11 Fenerbahçe won against Trabzonspor. Aykut Kocaman was as a player and as a coach with Fenerbahçe football champions, previously managed this no. In July 2011, a bribery scandal rocked the Süper Lig players and 80 were arrested. The start of the season 2011/12 has been postponed.

Galatasaray back at the top (since 2012)

Master of the 2011/12 season was Galatasaray. On the final day of the play-offs, the team of coach Fatih Terim, the 18th championship was won in a direct duel against Fenerbahçe by a 0-0 draw. Vice- champion Fenerbahçe, Trabzonspor and Beşiktaş third in fourth. For Galatasaray, it was the first championship in four years. With this title as a coach Fatih Terim was record champions.

The 2012/13 season ended as the previous, Galatasaray Fenerbahçe was before Master.

Clubs

Since the founding of the Süper Lig in 1959 played a total of 68 clubs in the top Turkish league, whereby Akhisar Belediyespor was a recent addition to the 2012/13 season. Beşiktaş, Fenerbahçe and Galatasaray are the league so far in all 56 seasons uninterrupted. This is followed by MKE Ankaragucu Bursaspor with 48 and with 45 seasons.

Most teams in the Süper Lig came from Istanbul ( 16). This is followed by Ankara ( 9) and Izmir ( 6).

• Since 1959 up to and including 2013/2014
• In bold teams are playing in the 2013/14 season

• 56 years: Beşiktaş, Fenerbahçe, Galatasaray
• 48 years: MKE Ankaragucu
• 45: Bursaspor
• 42 years: Gençlerbirliği Ankara
• 41 years: Altay Izmir,
• 40 years: Trabzonspor
• 30 years: Samsunspor
• 28 years: Eskişehirspor, Gaziantepspor
• 25 years: Göztepe Izmir
• 23 years: İstanbulspor
• 21 years: Adanaspor
• 20 years: Boluspor, Kocaelispor
• 19 years: Denizlispor, Medical Park Antalyaspor
• 18: Kayserispor
• 17 years: Adana Demirspor,
• 16 years: Karşıyaka SK
• 14 years: Çaykur Rizespor, Vefa Istanbul, Zonguldakspor
• 13 years: Ankara Demirspor, Sariyer SK, Mersin Idman Yurdu

Participants in the 2013/14 season

The up and relegated

Championship and championship stars

The end of the season first place winner of the Süper Lig is Turkish soccer champions. In addition, a club from five gained Superliga championships may carry one, ten or a second, a third from 15 and from 20 Championships won a fourth champion star above the club crest.

In the previous 55 seasons of the Süper Lig five different clubs won the league title. The most successful club is Galatasaray won with 19 Superliga championships, Fenerbahçe, however, leads the league table of the Süper Lig on.

See also: List of Turkish football champions

Reporting

The first Turkish football league is broadcast since 1996 on pay- TV. From 1996 to 2000 the Games of Besiktas Istanbul, Fenerbahce, Galatasaray and Trabzonspor were sent to Cine5. During the 2000/ 01 season, the transmitter Teleon owned the station rights for live games.

Since the 2001/ 02 season, the pay- TV operator Digiturk is responsible for the live coverage of the Super Lig Under the station name Lig TV, the games will be broadcast live. However, only the games of Beşiktaş, Fenerbahçe, Galatasaray and Trabzonspor were sent. Digiturk extended, on 14 January 2010, the cooperation with the League for the next four seasons (2010/ 11, 2011/12, 2012/13 & 2013/14 ) plus an option for another season.

Since the season 2010/11, 321 million U.S. dollars will be distributed to the clubs. In addition, all nine games every game day, sent for the first time in the Süper Lig live.

Sponsors

Name of sponsor

Turkcell (2005-2010)

From the season 2005/ 06 the phone company Turkcell had the naming rights to the highest division, officially Turkcell Süper Lig said. As in other countries, these terms have, however, not yet enforced either in common parlance in the print media; only the television and radio stations use that name frequently. Cooperation between the League and the company ended in August 2010.

Spor Toto (since 2010)

In August 2010, the sports betting provider Spor Toto secured the naming rights of the Süper Lig and the 3rd and 4th league. Spor Toto received the naming rights for the next five years. In return per year paid to the Süper Lig 22.5 million U.S. dollars.

Ball sponsor

Nike has been the season 2005/ 06 official ball sponsor of the Süper Lig following balls were used:

• Season 2005/ 06: Nike Total 90 Aerow (red- white) and Nike Total 90 Hi- Vis Aerow (yellow- purple )
• Season 2006/ 07: Nike Total 90 Aerow II (blue-white )
• Season 2007/ 08: Nike Total 90 Aerow II (blue-white )
• Season 2008/ 09: Nike Total 90 Omni ( black and white )
• Season 2009/ 10: Nike Total 90 Omni (red- white) and Nike Total 90 Omni Hi- Vis (yellow- purple )
• Season 2010/ 11: Nike Total 90 Tracer PL
• Season 2011/12: Nike T90 Seitiro
• Season 2012/13: Nike Maxim
• Season 2013/14: Nike Incyte ( black and white )

Turkcell fair play rating

Turkcell fair play rating was launched by the Turkish Football Federation and Turkcell rating the overall yellow or red cards, showing a referee a team recognized. This rating has been counted up to the last Game. The three teams who saw at least one caution or otherwise, any punishment received by the League Turkcell sponsor a prize. The first place this rating was U.S. $ 500,000, 2nd $ 300,000 and the third place $ 200,000.

With this rating, the association 's aim was to make the football in the Süper Lig attractive.

Winner of this rating

• Season 2008/ 09: Gaziantepspor
• Season 2009/ 10: Bursaspor

Records

Player

Coach

Clubs

Master Records

Others

UEFA five year ranking

Position in the UEFA five year ranking (in brackets the previous year placement). The abbreviation CL and EL countries behind the coefficients indicate the number of representatives in the 2014/15 season of the Champions League and the Europa League.

• 08 (07) Russia Russia (league, cup ) - Coefficient: 46.332 - CL: 2, EL: 4
• 09 (08 ) Netherlands Netherlands (league, cup ) - Coefficient: 44.729 - CL: 2, EL: 4
• 10 (11 ) Turkey Turkey (league, cup ) - coefficient: 34,500 - CL: 2, EL: 3
• 11 (12 ) Belgium (league, cup ) - coefficient: 34,400 - CL: 2, EL: 3
• 12 (10 ) Greece (league, cup ) - coefficient: 34,000 - CL: 2, EL: 3

As of the end of the European campaign of 2012/13